Canonical Classics ← 第八十八回
第八十八回
禪chán到dào玉yù華huá施shī法fǎ會huì
心xīn猿yuán木mù土tǔ授shòu門mén人rén

Chan Reaches Yuhua and a Dharma Assembly Is Held · The Mind-Ape and the Wood and the Earth Take Disciples

人有幾等人
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

人有幾等人 There Are Ranks Among Men

三sān藏zàng道dào:「我wǒ教jiāo你nǐ見jiàn了le人rén打dǎ個gè問wèn訊xùn,不bù曾céng教jiāo你nǐ見jiàn王wáng子zǐ就jiù此cǐ歪wāi纏chán。常cháng言yán道dào:『物wù有yǒu幾jǐ等děng物wù,人rén有yǒu幾jǐ等děng人rén。』如rú何hé不bù分fēn個gè貴guì賤jiàn?」三sān藏zàng道dào:「我wǒ教jiāo你nǐ见jiàn了le人rén打dǎ个gè问wèn讯xùn,不bù曾céng教jiāo你nǐ见jiàn王wáng子zǐ就jiù此cǐ歪wāi缠chán。常cháng言yán道dào:『物wù有yǒu几jǐ等děng物wù,人rén有yǒu几jǐ等děng人rén。』如rú何hé不bù分fēn个gè贵guì贱jiàn?」


逐句解 Line by line

三sān藏zàng道dào:「我wǒ教jiāo你nǐ見jiàn了le人rén打dǎ個gè問wèn訊xùn,不bù曾céng教jiāo你nǐ見jiàn王wáng子zǐ就jiù此cǐ歪wāi纏chán。 三sān藏zàng道dào:「我wǒ教jiāo你nǐ见jiàn了le人rén打dǎ个gè问wèn讯xùn,不bù曾céng教jiāo你nǐ见jiàn王wáng子zǐ就jiù此cǐ歪wāi缠chán。

Tripitaka said, "I taught you to make a greeting when you meet a person. I did not teach you to carry on like that in front of a prince.

And here is the answer, and it turns on the same character again: 教 is jiāo in both halves, teaching, and Tripitaka hands Bajie's own word straight back to him twice. 歪纏 is to fool about, to make a nuisance of oneself — literally crooked-tangling. The distinction he is drawing is between a person and a prince, which is exactly the distinction he is about to make explicit.

常cháng言yán道dào:『物wù有yǒu幾jǐ等děng物wù,人rén有yǒu幾jǐ等děng人rén。』 常cháng言yán道dào:『物wù有yǒu几jǐ等děng物wù,人rén有yǒu几jǐ等děng人rén。』

As the common saying goes, "There are grades of things, and there are grades of men."

常言道, as the common saying has it, is the novel's cue for a proverb, and the proverb is quoted inside a second set of brackets so that even the punctuation shows it is borrowed. The saying itself is built as a matched pair with one character swapped: things have their grades, people have their grades. It is a thoroughly Confucian sentiment, arriving in the mouth of a Buddhist monk, in a chapter about whether faces can be judged.

如rú何hé不bù分fēn個gè貴guì賤jiàn?」 如rú何hé不bù分fēn个gè贵guì贱jiàn?」

How can you fail to distinguish high from low?"

貴賤, noble and base, is the pair that runs the whole social order — and Tripitaka is using it to say that a prince is owed a different bow from a farmer. It is worth holding that thought for the last third of the chapter, where three princes will kneel in the dust to three creatures the court has just called goblins.


總評 Commentary

Tripitaka wins the argument by drawing a distinction his disciple did not know existed: the greeting was right, the audience was wrong. It is a fair answer and a slightly chilling one.

The proverb he quotes is pure social hierarchy, and it sits oddly in the mouth of a man whose religion holds that all beings are equally capable of enlightenment. The novel does not point this out. It simply puts the sentence in the chapter and lets it sit there.

Hold on to the phrase about high and low. Before this chapter ends, the highest people in Yuhua will be face down on the ground in front of the lowest-looking, and nobody will remark on it.