Canonical Classics ← 第三十回
第三十回
邪xié魔mó侵qīn正zhèng法fǎ
意yì馬mǎ憶yì心xīn猿yuán

The Evil Demon Assaults the True Dharma · The Horse of the Will Recalls the Monkey of the Heart

巧言虛詞
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

巧言虛詞 The Fabricated Tale

那nà妖yāo精jīng巧qiǎo語yǔ花huā言yán,虛xū情qíng假jiǎ意yì的de答dá道dào:「主zhǔ公gōng,微wēi臣chén自zì幼yòu兒er好hǎo習xí弓gōng馬mǎ,採cǎi獵liè為wéi生shēng。那nà十shí三sān年nián前qián,帶dài領lǐng家jiā童tóng數shù十shí,放fàng鷹yīng逐zhú犬quǎn,忽hū見jiàn一yì隻zhī斑bān斕lán猛měng虎hǔ,身shēn馱tuó著zhe一yí個gè女nǚ子zǐ,往wǎng山shān坡pō下xià走zǒu。是shì微wēi臣chén兜dōu弓gōng一yí箭jiàn,射shè倒dǎo猛měng虎hǔ,將jiāng女nǚ子zǐ帶dài上shàng本běn莊zhuāng,把bǎ溫wēn水shuǐ溫wēn湯tāng灌guàn醒xǐng,救jiù了le他tā性xìng命mìng。因yīn問wèn他tā是shì那nǎ裡lǐ人rén家jiā,他tā更gèng不bù曾céng題tí『公gōng主zhǔ』二èr字zì。早zǎo說shuō是shì萬wàn歲suì的de三sān公gōng主zhǔ,怎zěn敢gǎn欺qī心xīn,擅shàn自zì配pèi合hé?當dāng得dé進jìn上shàng金jīn殿diàn,大dà小xiǎo討tǎo一yí個gè官guān職zhí榮róng身shēn。只zhǐ因yīn他tā說shuō是shì民mín家jiā之zhī女nǚ,才cái被bèi微wēi臣chén留liú在zài莊zhuāng所suǒ。女nǚ貌mào郎láng才cái,兩liǎng相xiāng情qíng願yuàn,故gù配pèi合hé至zhì此cǐ多duō年nián。那nà妖yāo精jīng巧qiǎo语yǔ花huā言yán,虚xū情qíng假jiǎ意yì的de答dá道dào:「主zhǔ公gōng,微wēi臣chén自zì幼yòu儿er好hǎo习xí弓gōng马mǎ,采cǎi猎liè为wéi生shēng。那nà十shí三sān年nián前qián,带dài领lǐng家jiā童tóng数shù十shí,放fàng鹰yīng逐zhú犬quǎn,忽hū见jiàn一yì只zhī斑bān斓lán猛měng虎hǔ,身shēn驮tuó着zhe一yí个gè女nǚ子zǐ,往wǎng山shān坡pō下xià走zǒu。是shì微wēi臣chén兜dōu弓gōng一yí箭jiàn,射shè倒dǎo猛měng虎hǔ,将jiāng女nǚ子zǐ带dài上shàng本běn庄zhuāng,把bǎ温wēn水shuǐ温wēn汤tāng灌guàn醒xǐng,救jiù了le他tā性xìng命mìng。因yīn问wèn他tā是shì那nǎ里lǐ人rén家jiā,他tā更gèng不bù曾céng题tí『公gōng主zhǔ』二èr字zì。早zǎo说shuō是shì万wàn岁suì的de三sān公gōng主zhǔ,怎zěn敢gǎn欺qī心xīn,擅shàn自zì配pèi合hé?当dāng得dé进jìn上shàng金jīn殿diàn,大dà小xiǎo讨tǎo一yí个gè官guān职zhí荣róng身shēn。只zhǐ因yīn他tā说shuō是shì民mín家jiā之zhī女nǚ,才cái被bèi微wēi臣chén留liú在zài庄zhuāng所suǒ。女nǚ貌mào郎láng才cái,两liǎng相xiāng情qíng愿yuàn,故gù配pèi合hé至zhì此cǐ多duō年nián。


逐句解 Line by line

那nà妖yāo精jīng巧qiǎo語yǔ花huā言yán,虛xū情qíng假jiǎ意yì的de答dá道dào:「主zhǔ公gōng,微wēi臣chén自zì幼yòu兒er好hǎo習xí弓gōng馬mǎ,採cǎi獵liè為wéi生shēng。 那nà妖yāo精jīng巧qiǎo语yǔ花huā言yán,虚xū情qíng假jiǎ意yì的de答dá道dào:「主zhǔ公gōng,微wēi臣chén自zì幼yòu儿er好hǎo习xí弓gōng马mǎ,采cǎi猎liè为wéi生shēng。

The demon, with artful words and flowering speech, all false feeling and feigned sincerity, replied: "My sovereign, from my youth your humble servant loved to practise bow and horse, and lived by the hunt.

The narrator labels the lie before it starts, so nobody in the audience is taken in even briefly: 巧語花言, clever words and flowery speech, and 虛情假意, false feeling and counterfeit sincerity. Both are still current. In 自幼兒 the colloquial 兒 is er; 採獵為生, to live by hunting, takes 為 as wéi. 那 is the pointing nà.

那nà十shí三sān年nián前qián,帶dài領lǐng家jiā童tóng數shù十shí,放fàng鷹yīng逐zhú犬quǎn,忽hū見jiàn一yì隻zhī斑bān斕lán猛měng虎hǔ,身shēn馱tuó著zhe一yí個gè女nǚ子zǐ,往wǎng山shān坡pō下xià走zǒu。 那nà十shí三sān年nián前qián,带dài领lǐng家jiā童tóng数shù十shí,放fàng鹰yīng逐zhú犬quǎn,忽hū见jiàn一yì只zhī斑bān斓lán猛měng虎hǔ,身shēn驮tuó着zhe一yí个gè女nǚ子zǐ,往wǎng山shān坡pō下xià走zǒu。

Some thirteen years ago, leading a few dozen household boys, loosing the hawks and coursing the hounds, I suddenly saw a fierce, brindled tiger, a woman borne upon its back, making down the mountain slope.

And here is the tiger, introduced thirteen years and several hundred miles from anywhere it can be checked. 數十, some tens, several dozen, takes 數 as shù; in 身馱著, carrying on its back, the 著 is zhe. 斑斕猛虎 is a brindled, fierce tiger — a phrase to remember, because the chapter will use it again of somebody else. 那 is pointing nà.

是shì微wēi臣chén兜dōu弓gōng一yí箭jiàn,射shè倒dǎo猛měng虎hǔ,將jiāng女nǚ子zǐ帶dài上shàng本běn莊zhuāng,把bǎ溫wēn水shuǐ溫wēn湯tāng灌guàn醒xǐng,救jiù了le他tā性xìng命mìng。 是shì微wēi臣chén兜dōu弓gōng一yí箭jiàn,射shè倒dǎo猛měng虎hǔ,将jiāng女nǚ子zǐ带dài上shàng本běn庄zhuāng,把bǎ温wēn水shuǐ温wēn汤tāng灌guàn醒xǐng,救jiù了le他tā性xìng命mìng。

It was your servant who drew the bow and, with a single arrow, shot the fierce tiger down; I bore the woman up to my own manor, revived her with warm water and warm broth, and saved her life.

兜弓 is to draw a bow taut; 射倒, shot down, takes 倒 as dǎo; in 將女子帶上 the 將 that marks what is being carried is jiāng. The whole rescue is invented, and it converts an abduction into an act of gallantry in a single sentence.

因yīn問wèn他tā是shì那nǎ裡lǐ人rén家jiā,他tā更gèng不bù曾céng題tí『公gōng主zhǔ』二èr字zì。 因yīn问wèn他tā是shì那nǎ里lǐ人rén家jiā,他tā更gèng不bù曾céng题tí『公gōng主zhǔ』二èr字zì。

When I asked from what household she came, she never once let fall the two words "royal princess."

Here again 那裡 means "where, from what place," so 那 is the question-word nǎ. 更不曾, "never even once," takes 更 as gèng. The lie is carefully built to excuse him: he could not have known who she was.

早zǎo說shuō是shì萬wàn歲suì的de三sān公gōng主zhǔ,怎zěn敢gǎn欺qī心xīn,擅shàn自zì配pèi合hé? 早zǎo说shuō是shì万wàn岁suì的de三sān公gōng主zhǔ,怎zěn敢gǎn欺qī心xīn,擅shàn自zì配pèi合hé?

Had she but said she was Your Majesty's Third Princess, how should I have dared, against all conscience, to wed her without leave?

欺心 is to deceive your own heart, to act against conscience; 擅自 is on your own authority, without leave. He is now performing the scruples of a loyal subject, which is a considerable piece of nerve.

當dāng得dé進jìn上shàng金jīn殿diàn,大dà小xiǎo討tǎo一yí個gè官guān職zhí榮róng身shēn。 当dāng得dé进jìn上shàng金jīn殿diàn,大dà小xiǎo讨tǎo一yí个gè官guān职zhí荣róng身shēn。

I should surely have delivered her up to the golden hall, and begged some office, great or small, to bring me honor.

當得, "ought to, would surely," takes 得 as dé; 榮身 is to bring honour to one's person. He paints himself as a man who would have done the correct and mildly ambitious thing.

只zhǐ因yīn他tā說shuō是shì民mín家jiā之zhī女nǚ,才cái被bèi微wēi臣chén留liú在zài莊zhuāng所suǒ。 只zhǐ因yīn他tā说shuō是shì民mín家jiā之zhī女nǚ,才cái被bèi微wēi臣chén留liú在zài庄zhuāng所suǒ。

It was only because she said she was a commoner's daughter that your servant kept her at the manor.

民家之女, a daughter of a common household. The fiction now has an innocent motive for what was in fact a kidnapping and a forced marriage.

女nǚ貌mào郎láng才cái,兩liǎng相xiāng情qíng願yuàn,故gù配pèi合hé至zhì此cǐ多duō年nián。 女nǚ貌mào郎láng才cái,两liǎng相xiāng情qíng愿yuàn,故gù配pèi合hé至zhì此cǐ多duō年nián。

The maiden fair, the man of parts, and both of one willing mind — and so we have been matched these many years.

女貌郎才 — the woman's beauty, the man's talent — is the stock phrase for a well-matched couple, the Ming equivalent of "made for each other." 兩相情願, both willing, takes 相 as xiāng, "mutually." A woman held prisoner in a cave has just been described as a love match.


總評 Commentary

The tale is a bravura performance of villainous eloquence, and the narrator flags it as such before it starts (巧語花言, 虛情假意). Its method is total inversion: the abduction becomes a rescue, the captor a gallant huntsman, the forced marriage a union freely entered. Every incriminating fact is turned into its exculpating opposite.

It is also cannily self-protecting. By claiming the princess concealed her rank, he heads off the obvious charge — that he married a royal daughter without permission — and even performs the loyal subject's scruple, 怎敢欺心. This lie is built to survive cross-examination, not merely to please.

And it is built to sting. Having put a tiger into the story, the demon can now transfer that beast onto the monk sitting a few feet away. The whole elaborate origin exists to serve one accusation.