原文 Original text
繁體 Traditional
Reader's edition
激將法
A Goad Dressed As Praise
三魔見老魔怪他,他又作個激將法,厲聲高叫道:「孫行者,聞你名如轟雷貫耳,說你在南天門外施威,靈霄殿下逞勢,如今在西天路上降妖縛怪,原來是個小輩的猴頭。」三魔见老魔怪他,他又作个激将法,厉声高叫道:「孙行者,闻你名如轰雷贯耳,说你在南天门外施威,灵霄殿下逞势,如今在西天路上降妖缚怪,原来是个小辈的猴头。」
逐句解 Line by line
三魔見老魔怪他,他又作個激將法,厲聲高叫道:「孫行者,聞你名如轟雷貫耳,說你在南天門外施威,靈霄殿下逞勢,如今在西天路上降妖縛怪,原來是個小輩的猴頭。」
三魔见老魔怪他,他又作个激将法,厉声高叫道:「孙行者,闻你名如轰雷贯耳,说你在南天门外施威,灵霄殿下逞势,如今在西天路上降妖缚怪,原来是个小辈的猴头。」
The third fiend, seeing the old one blame him, tried a goading stratagem, and cried out in a ringing voice: "Sun Wukong! Your name struck my ear like a peal of thunder. They said you flaunted your power outside the Southern Gate of Heaven, that you threw your weight about below the Hall of Miraculous Mist, that you subdue demons and bind monsters along the road to the West. And you turn out to be a small-time monkey after all."
激將法 — jī jiàng fǎ, the goading method. The middle character is jiàng, a general, since the trick is aimed at a commander's pride. 降 reads xiáng, to subdue, not the jiàng that means to descend.
總評 Commentary
The goading stratagem has a name because it is a recognised item in the Chinese military repertoire, sitting alongside the ambush and the feigned retreat. The idea is to make an opponent abandon a strong position by insulting him out of it, and it works on exactly one kind of person: the kind who cannot bear to be thought less than his reputation. The third demon has taken Wukong's measure in about four minutes.
Look at how the speech is built. Three lines of genuine praise, each naming a real episode from Wukong's past — the assault on Heaven's Southern Gate, the uproar below the celestial throne hall, the record of demons put down on the westward road — and then the reversal in the final clause. Every compliment is true, which is what makes the last line sting. He is not calling Wukong a nobody; he is saying that a somebody is behaving like a nobody.
The charge is hiding, and the word for it is small-time, the vocabulary of reputation rather than of combat. A modern equivalent would be telling a famous boxer that he is ducking the fight. The insult does not touch his ability at all, which is precisely why there is no way to answer it except by coming out.