Canonical Classics ← 第四十五回
第四十五回
sānqīngguànshèngliúmíng
chēchíguóhóuwángxiǎn

At the Abbey of the Three Pure Ones the Great Sage leaves his name; in the Kingdom of Cart-Slow the Monkey King displays his magic.

虎力啟奏
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

虎力啟奏 Tiger-Power's Petition

xiānleqíngzhejiǎnduìmiànqiándǎoyángchénbàicháoshàngzòudàoxiānleqíngzhejiǎnduìmiànqiándǎoyángchénbàicháoshàngzòudào

chénghuángchéngkǒngshǒuguīchénghuángchéngkǒngshǒuguī
chénděngxīngjiàoyǎngwàngqīngchénděngxīngjiàoyǎngwàngqīng
mièsēngjìngdàoguānghuīmièsēngjìngdàoguānghuī
chìxiūbǎo殿diànzhìtíngwéichìxiūbǎo殿diànzhìtíngwéi
guǎngchéngòngyǎnggāoguàlóng广guǎngchéngòngyǎnggāoguàlóng
tōngxiāobǐngzhúzhènxiāngféntōngxiāobǐngzhúzhènxiāngfén
chéngshàngcùnjìngqiánguīchéngshàngcùnjìngqiánguī
jīnméngjiàngjiàwèifǎnxiānchējīnméngjiàngjiàwèifǎnxiānchē
wàngxiējīndānshèngshuǐjìncháotíngshòunánshān。」wàngxiējīndānshèngshuǐjìncháotíng寿shòunánshān。」

逐句解 Line by line

xiānleqíngzhejiǎnduìmiànqiándǎoyángchénbàicháoshàngzòudào xiānleqíngzhejiǎnduìmiànqiándǎoyángchénbàicháoshàngzòudào

Tiger-Power the Immortal, robed now in his vestments and holding up the jade tablet, danced and scattered dust before the altar, then prostrated himself on the ground and, facing upward, made his declaration on high:

披了法衣: = le. 擎著玉簡: = zhe, holding it up and keeping it up; the 玉簡 is the jade tablet a priest carries when he addresses the gods, the same object a court official carries when he addresses the throne. 朝上: = cháo, facing upward. 啟奏 "to declare, to memorialise" -- again the word for submitting a document to a sovereign.

chénghuángchéngkǒngshǒuguī chénghuángchéngkǒngshǒuguī

“In utter fear and trembling, we bow our heads and take refuge;

誠惶誠恐 "in all sincerity, awe and dread." This is not devotional language at all: it is the fixed opening of a memorial to the emperor, the Tang and Song equivalent of "Your obedient servant begs leave to report." Tiger-Power is writing to heaven on official letterhead. 稽首 (qǐ shǒu) "to knock the head on the ground." 歸依 "to take refuge, to submit," the Daoist spelling of what Buddhists write 皈依.

chénděngxīngjiàoyǎngwàngqīng chénděngxīngjiàoyǎngwàngqīng

we your servants exalt the Teaching, our eyes lifted to the Pure Void.

臣等 "we, your servants." 興教: = xīng, to raise up or promote; = jiào, the Teaching. 清虛 "the Pure Void," the empty heights where the Daoist heavens are.

mièsēngjìngdàoguānghuī mièsēngjìngdàoguānghuī

We have put down the mean and vulgar monks, and honoured the Way in its splendour.

滅僧 "wipe out the monks"; 鄙俚 "base and vulgar." 敬道光輝 "honour the radiance of the Way." Put plainly, he is boasting to heaven about a persecution -- and this is the creed that governs the whole 車遲國 sequence.

chìxiūbǎo殿diànzhìtíngwéi chìxiūbǎo殿diànzhìtíngwéi

By imperial warrant we raised the treasure-halls, by royal command the courts and chambers.

敕修 "built by imperial decree"; 御製 "made at the sovereign's command." 庭闈 "the courtyard and the inner chambers." The couplet is an advertisement: look how much royal money we have been given.

guǎngchéngòngyǎnggāoguàlóng 广guǎngchéngòngyǎnggāoguàlóng

Broadly we set out the offerings, and high we hung the dragon-banners.

廣陳 "laid out in abundance." 供養: = gòng, the offerings. 龍旗 "dragon banners," an imperial emblem flying over a religious house.

tōngxiāobǐngzhúzhènxiāngfén tōngxiāobǐngzhúzhènxiāngfén

The whole night through we have held the candles, all day long we have burned the incense.

通宵 "all night long." 秉燭 "to hold a candle." 鎮日 "the whole day." 香焚 "incense burned." The accounting of effort: we have kept the lights on for you.

chéngshàngcùnjìngqiánguī chéngshàngcùnjìngqiánguī

Our single sincerity reaches those on high; our least reverence returns in piety.

一誠 "one undivided sincerity" -- the rising tone of keeps at . 達上 "reaches those above." 寸敬 "an inch of reverence," the ritual habit of making yourself small in front of a god.

jīnméngjiàngjiàwèifǎnxiānchē jīnméngjiàngjiàwèifǎnxiānchē

Now, favoured with your descent, while the immortal carriage has not yet turned back —

"to be favoured with." 降駕: = jiàng, bringing the carriage down. 仙車 "the immortals' chariot" -- which, he assumes, is still parked outside.

wàngxiējīndānshèngshuǐjìncháotíngshòunánshān。」 wàngxiējīndānshèngshuǐjìncháotíng寿shòunánshān。」

we beg you grant a little golden elixir and holy water, to present to the court, that its years may rival the Southern Mountain.”

望賜 "we hope you will bestow." 進與朝廷: = cháo, to present to the imperial court. 壽比南山 "may your years match the Southern Mountain" is still a live birthday greeting in Chinese today, printed on cakes and banners; it comes out of the 詩經, the Book of Songs, and it is the note on which every petition of this kind ends.


總評 Commentary

This is a small masterpiece of misdirected paperwork. The prayer is cast in four-character parallel lines, the form of a memorial to the throne, and it opens with 誠惶誠恐 -- the exact phrase a Tang or Song official used at the head of a document going up to the emperor. Tiger-Power is addressing heaven the way a ministry addresses a monarch.

What he puts in the document is the problem. The petition boasts of temples built with royal money, banners hung, candles kept burning -- and, squarely in the middle of it, the suppression of the Buddhist clergy, offered as a credential. The tone is faultlessly humble and the content is a self-recommendation.

And the audience is three hungry travellers in the idols' seats. Every solemn formula lands on Sun Wukong. The closing 壽比南山 gives the game away about who the prayer is really for: the elixir is to be handed to the king, and the king is the one whose favour the three are working to keep.