第十二回 · 蕭瑀識真 Xiao Yu Perceives the Bodhisattva — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

蕭瑀識真 Xiao Yu Perceives the Bodhisattva

又yòu問wèn道dào：「何hé為wéi要yào錢qián，不bú要yào錢qián？」菩pú薩sà道dào：「不bù遵zūn佛fó法fǎ，不bú敬jìng三sān寶bǎo，強qiǎng買mǎi袈jiā裟shā、錫xī杖zhàng，定dìng要yào賣mài他tā七qī千qiān兩liǎng，這zhè便biàn是shì要yào錢qián；若ruò敬jìng重zhòng三sān寶bǎo，見jiàn善shàn隨suí喜xǐ，皈guī依yī我wǒ佛fó，承chéng受shòu得de起qǐ，我wǒ將jiāng袈jiā裟shā、錫xī杖zhàng情qíng願yuàn送sòng他tā，與yǔ我wǒ結jié個gè善shàn緣yuán，這zhè便biàn是shì不bú要yào錢qián。」蕭xiāo瑀yǔ聞wén言yán，倍bèi添tiān春chūn色sè，知zhī他tā是shì個gè好hǎo人rén。即jí便biàn下xià馬mǎ，與yǔ菩pú薩sà以yǐ禮lǐ相xiāng見jiàn，口kǒu稱chēng：「大dà法fǎ長zhǎng老lǎo，恕shù我wǒ蕭xiāo瑀yǔ之zhī罪zuì。我wǒ大dà唐táng皇huáng帝dì十shí分fēn好hǎo善shàn，滿mǎn朝cháo的de文wén武wǔ無wú不bú奉fèng行xíng。即jí今jīn起qǐ建jiàn水shuǐ陸lù大dà會huì，這zhè袈jiā裟shā正zhèng好hǎo與yǔ大dà都dū闡chǎn陳chén玄xuán奘zàng法fǎ師shī穿chuān用yòng。我wǒ和hé你nǐ入rù朝cháo見jiàn駕jià去qù來lái。」又yòu问wèn道dào：「何hé为wéi要yào钱qián，不bú要yào钱qián？」菩pú萨sà道dào：「不bù遵zūn佛fó法fǎ，不bú敬jìng三sān宝bǎo，强qiǎng买mǎi袈jiā裟shā、锡xī杖zhàng，定dìng要yào卖mài他tā七qī千qiān两liǎng，这zhè便biàn是shì要yào钱qián；若ruò敬jìng重zhòng三sān宝bǎo，见jiàn善shàn随suí喜xǐ，皈guī依yī我wǒ佛fó，承chéng受shòu得de起qǐ，我wǒ将jiāng袈jiā裟shā、锡xī杖zhàng情qíng愿yuàn送sòng他tā，与yǔ我wǒ结jié个gè善shàn缘yuán，这zhè便biàn是shì不bú要yào钱qián。」萧xiāo瑀yǔ闻wén言yán，倍bèi添tiān春chūn色sè，知zhī他tā是shì个gè好hǎo人rén。即jí便biàn下xià马mǎ，与yǔ菩pú萨sà以yǐ礼lǐ相xiāng见jiàn，口kǒu称chēng：「大dà法fǎ长zhǎng老lǎo，恕shù我wǒ萧xiāo瑀yǔ之zhī罪zuì。我wǒ大dà唐táng皇huáng帝dì十shí分fēn好hǎo善shàn，满mǎn朝cháo的de文wén武wǔ无wú不bú奉fèng行xíng。即jí今jīn起qǐ建jiàn水shuǐ陆lù大dà会huì，这zhè袈jiā裟shā正zhèng好hǎo与yǔ大dà都dū阐chǎn陈chén玄xuán奘zàng法fǎ师shī穿chuān用yòng。我wǒ和hé你nǐ入rù朝cháo见jiàn驾jià去qù来lái。」

逐句解 Line by line

又yòu問wèn道dào：「何hé為wéi要yào錢qián，不bú要yào錢qián？」又yòu问wèn道dào：「何hé为wéi要yào钱qián，不bú要yào钱qián？」

Xiao Yu asked further: 'What do you mean by its costing money, or not costing money?'

為 in 何為要錢 is again wéi, in the sense of what constitutes the case.

菩pú薩sà道dào：「不bù遵zūn佛fó法fǎ，不bú敬jìng三sān寶bǎo，強qiǎng買mǎi袈jiā裟shā、錫xī杖zhàng，定dìng要yào賣mài他tā七qī千qiān兩liǎng，這zhè便biàn是shì要yào錢qián；菩pú萨sà道dào：「不bù遵zūn佛fó法fǎ，不bú敬jìng三sān宝bǎo，强qiǎng买mǎi袈jiā裟shā、锡xī杖zhàng，定dìng要yào卖mài他tā七qī千qiān两liǎng，这zhè便biàn是shì要yào钱qián；

The Bodhisattva said: 'To one who does not follow the Buddha's Law, does not revere the Three Treasures, and would buy the cassock and staff by force, insisting on paying his seven thousand taels — to such a one it costs money.'

The 三寶, Three Treasures, are the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha — teacher, teaching, and community. 強 in 強買, to buy by force or insist on buying, is qiǎng.

若ruò敬jìng重zhòng三sān寶bǎo，見jiàn善shàn隨suí喜xǐ，皈guī依yī我wǒ佛fó，承chéng受shòu得de起qǐ，我wǒ將jiāng袈jiā裟shā、錫xī杖zhàng情qíng願yuàn送sòng他tā，與yǔ我wǒ結jié個gè善shàn緣yuán，這zhè便biàn是shì不bú要yào錢qián。」若ruò敬jìng重zhòng三sān宝bǎo，见jiàn善shàn随suí喜xǐ，皈guī依yī我wǒ佛fó，承chéng受shòu得de起qǐ，我wǒ将jiāng袈jiā裟shā、锡xī杖zhàng情qíng愿yuàn送sòng他tā，与yǔ我wǒ结jié个gè善shàn缘yuán，这zhè便biàn是shì不bú要yào钱qián。」

'But to one who honors the Three Treasures, rejoices at the sight of good, takes refuge in my Buddha, and is worthy to receive it — to such a one I would gladly give the cassock and staff, to forge a good affinity with me; and that is its costing nothing.'

重 in 敬重, to honour, is zhòng; 得 in 承受得起, able to bear receiving it, is the de of capability; 將 in 我將袈裟 is the disposal jiāng. 隨喜, to rejoice at another's merit instead of envying it, is a named Buddhist virtue, and a hard one.

蕭xiāo瑀yǔ聞wén言yán，倍bèi添tiān春chūn色sè，知zhī他tā是shì個gè好hǎo人rén。萧xiāo瑀yǔ闻wén言yán，倍bèi添tiān春chūn色sè，知zhī他tā是shì个gè好hǎo人rén。

When Xiao Yu heard this, his face flushed the more with pleasure, for he knew this was a good man.

倍添春色, his colour doubled with something like spring, is how the text shows a man working it out.

即jí便biàn下xià馬mǎ，與yǔ菩pú薩sà以yǐ禮lǐ相xiāng見jiàn，口kǒu稱chēng：「大dà法fǎ長zhǎng老lǎo，恕shù我wǒ蕭xiāo瑀yǔ之zhī罪zuì。即jí便biàn下xià马mǎ，与yǔ菩pú萨sà以yǐ礼lǐ相xiāng见jiàn，口kǒu称chēng：「大dà法fǎ长zhǎng老lǎo，恕shù我wǒ萧xiāo瑀yǔ之zhī罪zuì。

At once he dismounted and greeted the Bodhisattva with due ceremony, saying: 'Great Dharma Elder, forgive the fault of your servant Xiao Yu.'

相 in 相見, to meet one another, is xiāng; 長 in 長老, elder, is zhǎng. A chancellor gets down off his horse in the street for a beggar.

我wǒ大dà唐táng皇huáng帝dì十shí分fēn好hǎo善shàn，滿mǎn朝cháo的de文wén武wǔ無wú不bú奉fèng行xíng。我wǒ大dà唐táng皇huáng帝dì十shí分fēn好hǎo善shàn，满mǎn朝cháo的de文wén武wǔ无wú不bú奉fèng行xíng。

'Our Great Tang emperor loves goodness above all, and not one of his civil and military officers but carries it out.'

分 in 十分 is fēn; 朝 in 滿朝, the whole court, is cháo; 行 in 奉行, to carry out an order, is xíng. 十分 is ten parts out of ten, and it still does the work of completely in modern Chinese.

即jí今jīn起qǐ建jiàn水shuǐ陸lù大dà會huì，這zhè袈jiā裟shā正zhèng好hǎo與yǔ大dà都dū闡chǎn陳chén玄xuán奘zàng法fǎ師shī穿chuān用yòng。即jí今jīn起qǐ建jiàn水shuǐ陆lù大dà会huì，这zhè袈jiā裟shā正zhèng好hǎo与yǔ大dà都dū阐chǎn陈chén玄xuán奘zàng法fǎ师shī穿chuān用yòng。

'Just now he is holding a Grand Mass of Land and Water, and this cassock is just the thing for the Grand Chief Expositor, the Dharma Master Chen Xuanzang, to wear.'

都 in 大都闡, Grand Chief Expositor, is dū; 正 in 正好, just right, is zhèng.

我wǒ和hé你nǐ入rù朝cháo見jiàn駕jià去qù來lái。」我wǒ和hé你nǐ入rù朝cháo见jiàn驾jià去qù来lái。」

'Come, you and I, into court to see His Majesty.'

朝 in 入朝, into court, is cháo. With that the scene pivots: the disguised Bodhisattva is about to be walked into the palace by a chancellor who believes he has found a bargain.

總評 Commentary

Xiao Yu's recognition completes the sorting the disguise was designed to effect. Where the foolish monk saw a swindle, the devout chancellor hears in the Bodhisattva's paradoxes a teaching about reverence, and grasps at once that the cassock's true price is not silver but faith — given freely to one worthy to receive it, withheld from one who would seize it by force.

His response is immediate and total: he dismounts, begs the Great Dharma Elder's pardon, and understands that this very treasure is destined for Xuanzang and the Grand Mass. The chancellor who defended the Dharma in open debate now becomes the instrument that carries it to the throne, and the episode turns from the marketplace toward the imperial audience where Guanyin will disclose her purpose.