Canonical Classics ← 第十二回
第十二回
唐táng王wáng秉bǐng誠chéng修xiū大dà會huì
觀guān音yīn顯xiǎn聖shèng化huà金jīn蟬chán

The Tang King, Sincere in Faith, Convenes the Grand Assembly · Guanyin, Manifesting Her Holy Form, Transforms the Golden Cicada

出榜招僧
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

出榜招僧 Summoning the Monks; Fu Yi's Objection

工gōng完wán回huí奏zòu,太tài宗zōng甚shèn喜xǐ。卻què又yòu聚jù集jí多duō官guān,出chū榜bǎng招zhāo僧sēng,修xiū建jiàn水shuǐ陸lù大dà會huì,超chāo度dù冥míng府fǔ孤gū魂hún。榜bǎng行xíng天tiān下xià,著zhuó各gè處chù官guān員yuán推tuī選xuǎn有yǒu道dào的de高gāo僧sēng,上shàng長cháng安ān做zuò會huì。那nǎ消xiāo個gè月yuè之zhī期qī,天tiān下xià多duō僧sēng俱jù到dào。唐táng王wáng傳chuán旨zhǐ,著zhuó太tài史shǐ丞chéng傅fù奕yì選xuǎn舉jǔ高gāo僧sēng,修xiū建jiàn佛fó事shì。傅fù奕yì聞wén旨zhǐ,即jí上shàng疏shū止zhǐ浮fú圖tú,以yǐ言yán無wú佛fó。工gōng完wán回huí奏zòu,太tài宗zōng甚shèn喜xǐ。却què又yòu聚jù集jí多duō官guān,出chū榜bǎng招zhāo僧sēng,修xiū建jiàn水shuǐ陆lù大dà会huì,超chāo度dù冥míng府fǔ孤gū魂hún。榜bǎng行xíng天tiān下xià,着zhuó各gè处chù官guān员yuán推tuī选xuǎn有yǒu道dào的de高gāo僧sēng,上shàng长cháng安ān做zuò会huì。那nǎ消xiāo个gè月yuè之zhī期qī,天tiān下xià多duō僧sēng俱jù到dào。唐táng王wáng传chuán旨zhǐ,着zhuó太tài史shǐ丞chéng傅fù奕yì选xuǎn举jǔ高gāo僧sēng,修xiū建jiàn佛fó事shì。傅fù奕yì闻wén旨zhǐ,即jí上shàng疏shū止zhǐ浮fú图tú,以yǐ言yán无wú佛fó。


逐句解 Line by line

工gōng完wán回huí奏zòu,太tài宗zōng甚shèn喜xǐ。 工gōng完wán回huí奏zòu,太tài宗zōng甚shèn喜xǐ。

When the work was completed and reported back, Taizong was greatly pleased.

The 'work' is the Xiangguo Temple of the passage before. 甚 in 甚喜 is the intensifier shèn, 'very.'

卻què又yòu聚jù集jí多duō官guān,出chū榜bǎng招zhāo僧sēng,修xiū建jiàn水shuǐ陸lù大dà會huì,超chāo度dù冥míng府fǔ孤gū魂hún。 却què又yòu聚jù集jí多duō官guān,出chū榜bǎng招zhāo僧sēng,修xiū建jiàn水shuǐ陆lù大dà会huì,超chāo度dù冥míng府fǔ孤gū魂hún。

He then assembled his many officials once more, issued a proclamation to summon monks, and set about holding a Grand Mass of Land and Water to deliver the orphaned souls of the underworld.

The 水陸大會 (shuǐ lù dà huì), the Grand Mass of Land and Water, is the great Buddhist rite of universal deliverance for the dead and the religious centre of the chapter — a mass said not for one soul but for every soul, on land or in water, that nobody else is praying for. 超度 (chāo dù) is to ferry across, to deliver the departed; 孤魂 are the orphaned souls, the dead who have no one left to make offerings for them.

榜bǎng行xíng天tiān下xià,著zhuó各gè處chù官guān員yuán推tuī選xuǎn有yǒu道dào的de高gāo僧sēng,上shàng長cháng安ān做zuò會huì。 榜bǎng行xíng天tiān下xià,着zhuó各gè处chù官guān员yuán推tuī选xuǎn有yǒu道dào的de高gāo僧sēng,上shàng长cháng安ān做zuò会huì。

The proclamation went forth throughout the realm, charging officials everywhere to select eminent monks of the Way and send them up to Chang'an to hold the assembly.

著 in 著各處官員 is the causative zhuó, to charge or order; 長 in 長安 is cháng.

那nǎ消xiāo個gè月yuè之zhī期qī,天tiān下xià多duō僧sēng俱jù到dào。 那nǎ消xiāo个gè月yuè之zhī期qī,天tiān下xià多duō僧sēng俱jù到dào。

In less than a month's time, monks from all over the empire had arrived.

那消個月之期 is everyday speech for 'it did not take so much as a month.' The 那 is the question-word nǎ used rhetorically — how would it need that long? — and 消 here means to need, to take up time.

唐táng王wáng傳chuán旨zhǐ,著zhuó太tài史shǐ丞chéng傅fù奕yì選xuǎn舉jǔ高gāo僧sēng,修xiū建jiàn佛fó事shì。 唐táng王wáng传chuán旨zhǐ,着zhuó太tài史shǐ丞chéng傅fù奕yì选xuǎn举jǔ高gāo僧sēng,修xiū建jiàn佛fó事shì。

The Tang king issued a command charging Fu Yi, Assistant Grand Astrologer, to choose out the eminent monks and set the Buddhist services in train.

太史丞傅奕 — Fu Yi, Assistant Director of the Astrological Bureau — comes straight out of history. The Tang official Fu Yi (555–639) was a celebrated opponent of Buddhism who petitioned against it again and again. 著 in 著太史丞 is again the causative zhuó.

傅fù奕yì聞wén旨zhǐ,即jí上shàng疏shū止zhǐ浮fú圖tú,以yǐ言yán無wú佛fó。 傅fù奕yì闻wén旨zhǐ,即jí上shàng疏shū止zhǐ浮fú图tú,以yǐ言yán无wú佛fó。

When Fu Yi received the command, he at once submitted a memorial to halt the Buddhist rites, arguing that there is no Buddha.

浮圖 (fú tú, from the Sanskrit buddha or stūpa) stands here for Buddhism as a whole. The irony is pointed and deliberate: the one official handed the job of organising the Buddhist rite answers by petitioning to abolish Buddhism.


總評 Commentary

The chapter's central rite is set in motion, and meets opposition at once. The Grand Mass of Land and Water — a ceremony to deliver the underworld's forsaken souls — is what the whole first half of the chapter has been building toward, the natural sequel to Taizong's own return from the dead.

But the storyteller puts a doctrinal obstacle in the way first: the official deputed to select the officiating monks, the historical anti-Buddhist Fu Yi, submits instead a memorial denying the Buddha altogether. The move lets the novel air the strongest Confucian case against Buddhism precisely in order to answer it, and makes imperial patronage of the Dharma a considered choice rather than a reflex.