Canonical Classics ← 第二十四回
第二十四回
wànshòushānxiānliúyǒu
zhuāngguànxíngzhěqièrénshēn

At the Mountain of Ten Thousand Years the Great Immortal Keeps an Old Friend · At the Abbey of the Five Villages Pilgrim Steals the Ginseng-Fruit

山門春聯
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

山門春聯 The Gate-Tower Couplet

sānzàngānxiàyòujiànshānménzuǒbiānyǒutòngbēibēishàngyǒushínǎishìwànshòushānzhuāngguàndòngtiān」。zhǎnglǎodào:「zhēnshìzuòguàn。」shāsēngdào:「shīguānjǐngxiānmíngguànyǒuhǎorénzhùmenjìnkànkànruòxíng滿mǎndōnghuíjiānshìjǐng。」xíngzhědào:「shuōdehǎo。」suìdōujìnyòujiànèrménshàngyǒuduìchūnlián:「chángshēnglǎoshénxiāntiāntóngshòudàorénjiā。」xíngzhěxiàodào:「zhèdàoshìshuōhuàxiàrénlǎosūnbǎiniánqiánnàotiāngōngshízàitàishànglǎojūnménshǒucéngjiànyǒuhuàshuō。」jièdào:「qiěguǎnjìnjìnhuòzhězhèdàoshìyǒuxiēxíngwèizhī。」sānzàngānxiàyòujiànshānménzuǒbiānyǒutòngbēibēishàngyǒushínǎishìwàn寿shòushānzhuāngguàndòngtiān」。zhǎnglǎodào:「zhēnshìzuòguàn。」shāsēngdào:「shīguānjǐngxiānmíngguànyǒuhǎorénzhùmenjìnkànkànruòxíngmǎndōnghuíjiānshìjǐng。」xíngzhědào:「shuōdehǎo。」suìdōujìnyòujiànèrménshàngyǒuduìchūnlián:「chángshēnglǎoshénxiāntiāntóng寿shòudàorénjiā。」xíngzhěxiàodào:「zhèdàoshìshuōhuàxiàrénlǎosūnbǎiniánqiánnàotiāngōngshízàitàishànglǎojūnménshǒucéngjiànyǒuhuàshuō。」jièdào:「qiěguǎnjìnjìnhuòzhězhèdàoshìyǒuxiēxíngwèizhī。」


逐句解 Line by line

sānzàngānxiàyòujiànshānménzuǒbiānyǒutòngbēibēishàngyǒushínǎishìwànshòushānzhuāngguàndòngtiān」。 sānzàngānxiàyòujiànshānménzuǒbiānyǒutòngbēibēishàngyǒushínǎishìwàn寿shòushānzhuāngguàndòngtiān」。

Tripiṭaka left his saddle and dismounted, and saw, to the left of the mountain gate, a stone tablet bearing ten great characters: "Blessed Ground of the Mountain of Ten-Thousand Years; Grotto-Heaven of the Temple of the Five Villages."

The stele states the address, and it is a claim as much as a location. 洞天, dòng tiān, "grotto-heaven," is a precise Daoist term: one of a numbered set of sacred cave-realms where the geography of the world folds into something larger. Combined with 福地, blessed ground, it announces a site of the first rank. 一通碑 is tòng here, the measure word used for steles and documents, not the tōng of "to pass through."

zhǎnglǎodào:「zhēnshìzuòguàn。」 zhǎnglǎodào:「zhēnshìzuòguàn。」

The Elder said, "Disciples, it is indeed a Daoist abbey."

Tripiṭaka settles the abbey-or-monastery question. 長老, the Elder, with as zhǎng, "senior."

shāsēngdào:「shīguānjǐngxiānmíngguànyǒuhǎorénzhù shāsēngdào:「shīguānjǐngxiānmíngguànyǒuhǎorénzhù

Sha Monk said, "Master, seeing how bright and fair the place, there must be worthy folk dwelling within.

And here the two readings of sit in a single sentence: 觀此景 is the verb guān, "looking at this scene," while 觀裡 is the noun guàn, "inside the abbey." Sha Monk's guess that worthy people must live here is correct, and will do nobody any good.

menjìnkànkànruòxíng滿mǎndōnghuíjiānshìjǐng。」 menjìnkànkànruòxíngmǎndōnghuíjiānshìjǐng。」

Let us go in and look; and should we return east with our task fulfilled, this too will be a sight worth the seeing."

行滿, xíng mǎn, the merit complete, the journey done. A quiet, hopeful line: on the way home, we should stop here again. 一景 — note , since (jǐng) is a third tone.

xíngzhědào:「shuōdehǎo。」 xíngzhědào:「shuōdehǎo。」

Pilgrim said, "Well spoken."

說得好 takes the light de, the structural link that makes "said" and "well" into one phrase.

suìdōujìnyòujiànèrménshàngyǒuduìchūnlián:「chángshēnglǎoshénxiāntiāntóngshòudàorénjiā。」 suìdōujìnyòujiànèrménshàngyǒuduìchūnlián:「chángshēnglǎoshénxiāntiāntóng寿shòudàorénjiā。」

So they all went in together, and saw upon the second gate a spring-couplet: "A deathless, ageless mansion of immortals; a Daoist household coeval with Heaven."

A 春聯, chūn lián, is the paired red scroll pasted either side of a doorway at New Year — still a universal sight in Chinese households. The pair here boasts of deathless immortals and a household as old as Heaven. And note 長生: is cháng, "long," in "long life" — set against the zhǎng of 長老, "Elder," four lines earlier. One character, two tones, same passage.

xíngzhěxiàodào:「zhèdàoshìshuōhuàxiàrén xíngzhěxiàodào:「zhèdàoshìshuōhuàxiàrén

Pilgrim said with a laugh, "This Daoist talks big to frighten folk.

Pilgrim reads it as advertising. is xià, a loan-character standing in for , "to frighten" — a corpus-wide reading in this edition.

lǎosūnbǎiniánqiánnàotiāngōngshízàitàishànglǎojūnménshǒucéngjiànyǒuhuàshuō。」 lǎosūnbǎiniánqiánnàotiāngōngshízàitàishànglǎojūnménshǒucéngjiànyǒuhuàshuō。」

Five hundred years ago, when I raised my great uproar in Heaven, even at the very gate of the Most-High Lord Lao I never saw talk the like of this."

The boast he uses to deflate the boast: five hundred years ago he wrecked Heaven, and even at the door of 太上老君, the deified Laozi and highest of the Daoist gods he encountered then, he never saw advertising this shameless. The escapade he refers to occupies chapters 5 to 7. His scorn is about to look very foolish.

jièdào:「qiěguǎnjìnjìnhuòzhězhèdàoshìyǒuxiēxíngwèizhī。」 jièdào:「qiěguǎnjìnjìnhuòzhězhèdàoshìyǒuxiēxíngwèizhī。」

Bajie said, "Never mind that — in, in! Perhaps this Daoist has some real virtue; who can say?"

Bājiè, whose interest in theology is limited, wants to go in. 德行, dé xíng, moral attainment, with as xíng. He is the only one who says something accurate about their host, and he says it to end the conversation.


總評 Commentary

They dismount and read the sign, and the sign is making a formal claim. 洞天福地 — grotto-heaven and blessed ground — is not decorative language; it is the technical designation for a site on the register of Daoist sacred places. Then the spring-couplet on the inner gate raises the stakes further: a mansion of deathless immortals, a household as old as Heaven.

Pilgrim reads this the way anyone reads a shop sign that promises too much, and says so. He has been to Heaven; he has stood at the gate of the deified Laozi himself; he wrecked the place; and even there nobody talked like this. Which is a good joke, and would be a better one if the couplet were exaggerating. It is not. Their host really is as old as the world, and the reader — who was told so several passages ago — gets to watch Pilgrim be confidently wrong.

There is a nice piece of tonal machinery in this passage too. appears twice within a few lines: once as zhǎng in 長老, the Elder, and once as cháng in 長生, long life. Same character, different tone, different meaning, and the ruby has to keep them apart.