Canonical Classics ← 第二十四回
第二十四回
萬wàn壽shòu山shān大dà仙xiān留liú故gù友yǒu
五wǔ莊zhuāng觀guàn行xíng者zhě竊qiè人rén參shēn

At the Mountain of Ten Thousand Years the Great Immortal Keeps an Old Friend · At the Abbey of the Five Villages Pilgrim Steals the Ginseng-Fruit

五行相畏
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

五行相畏 Averse to the Five Phases

行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ既jì不bù曾céng拿ná去qù,如rú何hé打dǎ下xià來lái就jiù不bú見jiàn了le?」土tǔ地dì道dào:「大dà聖shèng只zhǐ知zhī這zhè寶bǎo貝bèi延yán壽shòu,更gèng不bù知zhī他tā的de出chū處chù哩li。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「有yǒu甚shèn出chū處chù?」土tǔ地dì道dào:「這zhè寶bǎo貝bèi三sān千qiān年nián一yì開kāi花huā,三sān千qiān年nián一yì結jié果guǒ,再zài三sān千qiān年nián方fāng得dé成chéng熟shú。短duǎn頭tóu一yí萬wàn年nián,只zhǐ結jié得de三sān十shí個gè。有yǒu緣yuán的de,聞wén一yì聞wén,就jiù活huó三sān百bǎi六liù十shí歲suì;吃chī一yí個gè,就jiù活huó四sì萬wàn七qī千qiān年nián。卻què是shì只zhǐ與yǔ五wǔ行xíng相xiāng畏wèi。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「怎zěn麼me與yǔ五wǔ行xíng相xiāng畏wèi?」土tǔ地dì道dào:「這zhè果guǒ子zi遇yù金jīn而ér落luò,遇yù木mù而ér枯kū,遇yù水shuǐ而ér化huà,遇yù火huǒ而ér焦jiāo,遇yù土tǔ而ér入rù。敲qiāo時shí必bì用yòng金jīn器qì,方fāng得dé下xià來lái。打dǎ下xià來lái,卻què將jiāng盤pán兒er用yòng絲sī帕pà襯chèn墊diàn方fāng可kě。若ruò受shòu些xiē木mù器qì,就jiù枯kū了le,就jiù吃chī也yě不bù得dé延yán壽shòu。吃chī他tā須xū用yòng磁cí器qì,清qīng水shuǐ化huà開kāi食shí用yòng。遇yù火huǒ即jí焦jiāo而ér無wú用yòng。行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ既jì不bù曾céng拿ná去qù,如rú何hé打dǎ下xià来lái就jiù不bú见jiàn了le?」土tǔ地dì道dào:「大dà圣shèng只zhǐ知zhī这zhè宝bǎo贝bèi延yán寿shòu,更gèng不bù知zhī他tā的de出chū处chù哩li。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「有yǒu甚shèn出chū处chù?」土tǔ地dì道dào:「这zhè宝bǎo贝bèi三sān千qiān年nián一yì开kāi花huā,三sān千qiān年nián一yì结jié果guǒ,再zài三sān千qiān年nián方fāng得dé成chéng熟shú。短duǎn头tóu一yí万wàn年nián,只zhǐ结jié得de三sān十shí个gè。有yǒu缘yuán的de,闻wén一yì闻wén,就jiù活huó三sān百bǎi六liù十shí岁suì;吃chī一yí个gè,就jiù活huó四sì万wàn七qī千qiān年nián。却què是shì只zhǐ与yǔ五wǔ行xíng相xiāng畏wèi。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「怎zěn么me与yǔ五wǔ行xíng相xiāng畏wèi?」土tǔ地dì道dào:「这zhè果guǒ子zi遇yù金jīn而ér落luò,遇yù木mù而ér枯kū,遇yù水shuǐ而ér化huà,遇yù火huǒ而ér焦jiāo,遇yù土tǔ而ér入rù。敲qiāo时shí必bì用yòng金jīn器qì,方fāng得dé下xià来lái。打dǎ下xià来lái,却què将jiāng盘pán儿er用yòng丝sī帕pà衬chèn垫diàn方fāng可kě。若ruò受shòu些xiē木mù器qì,就jiù枯kū了le,就jiù吃chī也yě不bù得dé延yán寿shòu。吃chī他tā须xū用yòng磁cí器qì,清qīng水shuǐ化huà开kāi食shí用yòng。遇yù火huǒ即jí焦jiāo而ér无wú用yòng。


逐句解 Line by line

行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ既jì不bù曾céng拿ná去qù,如rú何hé打dǎ下xià來lái就jiù不bú見jiàn了le?」 行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ既jì不bù曾céng拿ná去qù,如rú何hé打dǎ下xià来lái就jiù不bú见jiàn了le?」

Pilgrim said, "If you did not take it, how is it that the moment I knocked it down, it vanished?"

A fair question, and the one that unlocks the chapter's cosmology.

土tǔ地dì道dào:「大dà聖shèng只zhǐ知zhī這zhè寶bǎo貝bèi延yán壽shòu,更gèng不bù知zhī他tā的de出chū處chù哩li。」 土tǔ地dì道dào:「大dà圣shèng只zhǐ知zhī这zhè宝bǎo贝bèi延yán寿shòu,更gèng不bù知zhī他tā的de出chū处chù哩li。」

The Earth-God said, "Great Sage, you know only that this treasure lengthens life; you do not know its true origin."

出處, chū chù, origin, provenance — where a thing comes from and what it therefore is. 更不知 takes 更 as gèng, the comparative "still less."

行xíng者zhě道dào:「有yǒu甚shèn出chū處chù?」 行xíng者zhě道dào:「有yǒu甚shèn出chū处chù?」

Pilgrim said, "What origin?"

有甚 — 甚 as shèn, "what."

土tǔ地dì道dào:「這zhè寶bǎo貝bèi三sān千qiān年nián一yì開kāi花huā,三sān千qiān年nián一yì結jié果guǒ,再zài三sān千qiān年nián方fāng得dé成chéng熟shú。 土tǔ地dì道dào:「这zhè宝bǎo贝bèi三sān千qiān年nián一yì开kāi花huā,三sān千qiān年nián一yì结jié果guǒ,再zài三sān千qiān年nián方fāng得dé成chéng熟shú。

The Earth-God said, "This treasure flowers once in three thousand years, sets fruit once in three thousand years, and only after three thousand more does it ripen.

The growth cycle is repeated verbatim from the narrator's briefing many passages back. The repetition is deliberate: what was scene-setting then is now operational information. 方得成熟 takes 得 as dé, "only then manages to." 一結果 takes 結 as jiē, the bear-fruit reading.

短duǎn頭tóu一yí萬wàn年nián,只zhǐ結jié得de三sān十shí個gè。 短duǎn头tóu一yí万wàn年nián,只zhǐ结jié得de三sān十shí个gè。

In a bare ten thousand years, it bears but thirty fruits.

短頭, duǎn tóu, "at the shortest," at minimum. 只結得 — 結 as jiē again, with the light de after it.

有yǒu緣yuán的de,聞wén一yì聞wén,就jiù活huó三sān百bǎi六liù十shí歲suì;吃chī一yí個gè,就jiù活huó四sì萬wàn七qī千qiān年nián。 有yǒu缘yuán的de,闻wén一yì闻wén,就jiù活huó三sān百bǎi六liù十shí岁suì;吃chī一yí个gè,就jiù活huó四sì万wàn七qī千qiān年nián。

One with the karmic bond, but smelling it once, lives three hundred and sixty years; eating one, lives forty-seven thousand.

The same two figures as before, three hundred and sixty and forty-seven thousand. Remember the second one: it is about to attach itself to something other than a lifespan.

卻què是shì只zhǐ與yǔ五wǔ行xíng相xiāng畏wèi。」 却què是shì只zhǐ与yǔ五wǔ行xíng相xiāng畏wèi。」

Yet it stands in mutual aversion with the Five Phases alone."

And here is the doctrine. 五行相畏 — the fruit stands in mutual dread of the Five Phases. The 五行, wǔ xíng, are metal, wood, water, fire and earth: not elements in the Greek sense but five modes of process that everything in the cosmos cycles through. Ming natural philosophy explains chemistry, medicine, music and government by them. 相畏 is a technical term from pharmacology, used of two substances that neutralise each other. 行 is xíng; 相 is the reciprocal xiāng.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「怎zěn麼me與yǔ五wǔ行xíng相xiāng畏wèi?」 行xíng者zhě道dào:「怎zěn么me与yǔ五wǔ行xíng相xiāng畏wèi?」

Pilgrim said, "How is it averse to the Five Phases?"

Pilgrim, who has never in his life asked how something works before breaking it, asks how it works.

土tǔ地dì道dào:「這zhè果guǒ子zi遇yù金jīn而ér落luò,遇yù木mù而ér枯kū,遇yù水shuǐ而ér化huà,遇yù火huǒ而ér焦jiāo,遇yù土tǔ而ér入rù。 土tǔ地dì道dào:「这zhè果guǒ子zi遇yù金jīn而ér落luò,遇yù木mù而ér枯kū,遇yù水shuǐ而ér化huà,遇yù火huǒ而ér焦jiāo,遇yù土tǔ而ér入rù。

The Earth-God said, "This fruit, meeting metal, falls; meeting wood, withers; meeting water, melts; meeting fire, scorches; and meeting earth, sinks in.

Five clauses, one per phase, in the standard order: meeting metal it falls, meeting wood it withers, meeting water it dissolves, meeting fire it scorches, meeting earth it sinks in. The elegance is that each reaction is different in kind — a fall, a decay, a dissolution, a burning, a disappearance — so the fruit is not simply fragile but has a distinct relationship with each mode of matter.

敲qiāo時shí必bì用yòng金jīn器qì,方fāng得dé下xià來lái。 敲qiāo时shí必bì用yòng金jīn器qì,方fāng得dé下xià来lái。

To knock it down, one must use a metal tool; only so will it come down.

And now the doctrine turns into a handling manual, which is what it was all along. Metal alone brings it down — hence a golden striker. 方得下來 takes 得 as dé.

打dǎ下xià來lái,卻què將jiāng盤pán兒er用yòng絲sī帕pà襯chèn墊diàn方fāng可kě。 打dǎ下xià来lái,却què将jiāng盘pán儿er用yòng丝sī帕pà衬chèn垫diàn方fāng可kě。

And once knocked down, the tray must be lined with a silk cloth.

Hence also the silk cloth over the tray: silk is neither wood nor metal. Every element of the boys' careful procedure is now accounted for, in retrospect. 將盤兒 takes 將 as jiāng, with the er suffix.

若ruò受shòu些xiē木mù器qì,就jiù枯kū了le,就jiù吃chī也yě不bù得dé延yán壽shòu。 若ruò受shòu些xiē木mù器qì,就jiù枯kū了le,就jiù吃chī也yě不bù得dé延yán寿shòu。

Should it touch any wooden vessel, it withers, and then, though eaten, prolongs no life.

Wood withers it, and a withered fruit still looks like a fruit but has lost its virtue — you may eat it and gain nothing. 不得延壽 takes 得 as dé.

吃chī他tā須xū用yòng磁cí器qì,清qīng水shuǐ化huà開kāi食shí用yòng。 吃chī他tā须xū用yòng磁cí器qì,清qīng水shuǐ化huà开kāi食shí用yòng。

To eat it, one must use porcelain, dissolving it in clear water.

And water is not a hazard but the medium: you dissolve it in clear water and drink it, out of porcelain. 磁器, cí qì, is a variant writing of 瓷器, porcelain — earth transformed by fire into something that counts as neither.

遇yù火huǒ即jí焦jiāo而ér無wú用yòng。 遇yù火huǒ即jí焦jiāo而ér无wú用yòng。

Meeting fire, it scorches and is of no use."

Fire ruins it outright. The fifth aversion is saved for last and given one flat line.


總評 Commentary

The Earth-God's lesson turns the fruit from a marvel into a system. Its powers are restated — a sniff worth three hundred and sixty years, a bite worth forty-seven thousand — but now they come with a doctrine attached: 五行相畏, aversion to the Five Phases. Metal, wood, water, fire, earth are not elements in the Greek sense but five modes of process that Ming natural philosophy used to explain chemistry, medicine, music and government alike, and 相畏 is a technical term borrowed from pharmacology, used of two substances that cancel one another.

What makes the doctrine elegant is that each reaction differs in kind. Meeting metal it falls; meeting wood it withers; meeting water it dissolves; meeting fire it scorches; meeting earth it sinks. Not five degrees of fragility but five distinct relationships with matter.

And then the theory reveals itself as a handling manual, and every element of the boys' fussy procedure is retroactively explained. The striker is gold because only metal will bring it down. The tray is lined with silk because silk is neither wood nor metal. Water is not a hazard but the medium — you dissolve the fruit and drink it from porcelain, which is earth transformed by fire into something that counts as neither. Nothing they did was ceremony. It was all necessity, and Pilgrim knew none of it.