Canonical Classics ← 第二十四回
第二十四回
萬wàn壽shòu山shān大dà仙xiān留liú故gù友yǒu
五wǔ莊zhuāng觀guàn行xíng者zhě竊qiè人rén參shēn

At the Mountain of Ten Thousand Years the Great Immortal Keeps an Old Friend · At the Abbey of the Five Villages Pilgrim Steals the Ginseng-Fruit

解救八戒
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

解救八戒 Bajie Cut Loose

卻què說shuō那nà三sān人rén穿chuān林lín入rù裡lǐ,只zhǐ見jiàn那nà獃dāi子zi繃bēng在zài樹shù上shàng,聲shēng聲shēng叫jiào喊hǎn,痛tòng苦kǔ難nàn禁jìn。行xíng者zhě上shàng前qián笑xiào道dào:「好hǎo女nǚ婿xù呀ya,這zhè早zǎo晚wǎn還hái不bù起qǐ來lái謝xiè親qīn,又yòu不bú到dào師shī父fù處chù報bào喜xǐ,還hái在zài這zhè裡lǐ賣mài解xiè兒er耍shuǎ子zi哩li。咄duō!你nǐ娘niáng呢ne?你nǐ老lǎo婆pó呢ne?好hǎo個gè繃bēng巴bā吊diào拷kǎo的de女nǚ婿xù呀ya。」那nà獃dāi子zi見jiàn他tā來lái搶qiǎng白bái著zháo羞xiū,咬yǎo著zhe牙yá,忍rěn著zhe疼téng,不bù敢gǎn叫jiào喊hǎn。沙shā僧sēng見jiàn了le,老lǎo大dà不bù忍rěn,放fàng下xià行xíng李lǐ,上shàng前qián解jiě了le繩shéng索suǒ救jiù下xià。獃dāi子zi對duì他tā們men只zhǐ是shì磕kē頭tóu禮lǐ拜bài,其qí實shí羞xiū恥chǐ難nán當dāng。有yǒu《西xī江jiāng月yuè》為wéi證zhèng:却què说shuō那nà三sān人rén穿chuān林lín入rù里lǐ,只zhǐ见jiàn那nà呆dāi子zi绷bēng在zài树shù上shàng,声shēng声shēng叫jiào喊hǎn,痛tòng苦kǔ难nàn禁jìn。行xíng者zhě上shàng前qián笑xiào道dào:「好hǎo女nǚ婿xù呀ya,这zhè早zǎo晚wǎn还hái不bù起qǐ来lái谢xiè亲qīn,又yòu不bú到dào师shī父fù处chù报bào喜xǐ,还hái在zài这zhè里lǐ卖mài解xiè儿er耍shuǎ子zi哩li。咄duō!你nǐ娘niáng呢ne?你nǐ老lǎo婆pó呢ne?好hǎo个gè绷bēng巴bā吊diào拷kǎo的de女nǚ婿xù呀ya。」那nà呆dāi子zi见jiàn他tā来lái抢qiǎng白bái着zháo羞xiū,咬yǎo着zhe牙yá,忍rěn着zhe疼téng,不bù敢gǎn叫jiào喊hǎn。沙shā僧sēng见jiàn了le,老lǎo大dà不bù忍rěn,放fàng下xià行xíng李lǐ,上shàng前qián解jiě了le绳shéng索suǒ救jiù下xià。呆dāi子zi对duì他tā们men只zhǐ是shì磕kē头tóu礼lǐ拜bài,其qí实shí羞xiū耻chǐ难nán当dāng。有yǒu《西xī江jiāng月yuè》为wéi证zhèng:

色sè乃nǎi傷shāng身shēn之zhī劍jiàn,貪tān之zhī必bì定dìng遭zāo殃yāng。色sè乃nǎi伤shāng身shēn之zhī剑jiàn,贪tān之zhī必bì定dìng遭zāo殃yāng。
佳jiā人rén二èr八bā好hǎo容róng妝zhuāng。佳jiā人rén二èr八bā好hǎo容róng妆zhuāng。
更gèng比bǐ夜yè叉chā兇xiōng壯zhuàng。更gèng比bǐ夜yè叉chā凶xiōng壮zhuàng。
只zhǐ有yǒu一yí個gè原yuán本běn,再zài無wú微wēi利lì添tiān囊náng。只zhǐ有yǒu一yí个gè原yuán本běn,再zài无wú微wēi利lì添tiān囊náng。
好hǎo將jiāng資zī本běn謹jǐn收shōu藏cáng。好hǎo将jiāng资zī本běn谨jǐn收shōu藏cáng。
堅jiān守shǒu休xiū教jiào放fàng蕩dàng。坚jiān守shǒu休xiū教jiào放fàng荡dàng。

逐句解 Line by line

卻què說shuō那nà三sān人rén穿chuān林lín入rù裡lǐ,只zhǐ見jiàn那nà獃dāi子zi繃bēng在zài樹shù上shàng,聲shēng聲shēng叫jiào喊hǎn,痛tòng苦kǔ難nàn禁jìn。 却què说shuō那nà三sān人rén穿chuān林lín入rù里lǐ,只zhǐ见jiàn那nà呆dāi子zi绷bēng在zài树shù上shàng,声shēng声shēng叫jiào喊hǎn,痛tòng苦kǔ难nàn禁jìn。

Now those three pushed on into the wood, and there they found the blockhead lashed fast to a tree, howling with every breath, his pain past all bearing.

We pick up exactly where chapter 23 left off. The Four Saints — Guānyīn and three fellow bodhisattvas — had conjured a rich widow and her three daughters to test whether the pilgrims could resist a comfortable marriage. Only Bājiè failed, and this is where they left him: roped to a tree all night, bawling. 繃 is bēng, the taut-binding sense, to lash something tight until it strains — not the běng of a face pulled stern.

行xíng者zhě上shàng前qián笑xiào道dào:「好hǎo女nǚ婿xù呀ya,這zhè早zǎo晚wǎn還hái不bù起qǐ來lái謝xiè親qīn,又yòu不bú到dào師shī父fù處chù報bào喜xǐ,還hái在zài這zhè裡lǐ賣mài解xiè兒er耍shuǎ子zi哩li。 行xíng者zhě上shàng前qián笑xiào道dào:「好hǎo女nǚ婿xù呀ya,这zhè早zǎo晚wǎn还hái不bù起qǐ来lái谢xiè亲qīn,又yòu不bú到dào师shī父fù处chù报bào喜xǐ,还hái在zài这zhè里lǐ卖mài解xiè儿er耍shuǎ子zi哩li。

Pilgrim stepped up and said with a laugh, "A fine son-in-law you make! This late in the day, and still not risen to thank the bride's people, nor gone to bring Master the glad news — still hanging here putting on your show and playing the fool.

Pilgrim does not untie him. Pilgrim enjoys this. 賣解兒, mài xiè er, is what a street acrobat does — tumbling for coins in a market square — so the jibe is that Bājiè is hanging there as a paid performance. Note that 解 is xiè here, the entertainer's word, and not the jiě of "untie" that turns up a few lines down when Sha Monk actually cuts him loose. Two senses of one character, a dozen words apart.

咄duō! 咄duō!

Bah!

咄, duō — a bark of contempt. Something between "Oi!" and "Pah!"

你nǐ娘niáng呢ne? 你nǐ娘niáng呢ne?

And where is your good matron now?

The 娘 is the widow from the previous chapter's test, who had played the bride's mother. She was never real. Pilgrim knows this perfectly well, which is the point of asking.

你nǐ老lǎo婆pó呢ne? 你nǐ老lǎo婆pó呢ne?

Where is your wife now?

The wife is equally imaginary — the phantom daughter Bājiè spent chapter 23 trying to marry.

好hǎo個gè繃bēng巴bā吊diào拷kǎo的de女nǚ婿xù呀ya。」 好hǎo个gè绷bēng巴bā吊diào拷kǎo的de女nǚ婿xù呀ya。」

A choice bridegroom indeed — bound, strung up, and racked!"

繃巴吊拷, bēng bā diào kǎo, runs through the stages of a judicial trussing in four characters: bound tight, then strung up, then flogged. Pilgrim applies the vocabulary of the torture chamber to a wedding, and calls him 女婿, nǚ xù, "son-in-law." The joke is that every word is technically accurate.

那nà獃dāi子zi見jiàn他tā來lái搶qiǎng白bái著zháo羞xiū,咬yǎo著zhe牙yá,忍rěn著zhe疼téng,不bù敢gǎn叫jiào喊hǎn。 那nà呆dāi子zi见jiàn他tā来lái抢qiǎng白bái着zháo羞xiū,咬yǎo着zhe牙yá,忍rěn着zhe疼téng,不bù敢gǎn叫jiào喊hǎn。

The blockhead, seeing him come to jeer, was seized with shame; he ground his teeth and swallowed the pain, not daring to cry out.

Three 著 in one breath, and each is read differently. 著羞 is zháo — the "catch, come down with" sense, the same one in 著急 (catch anxiety) and 著惱 (catch annoyance); Bājiè catches shame the way you catch a cold. The other two, 咬著牙 and 忍著疼, are the ordinary zhe that marks an action still going on. Gritting, enduring.

沙shā僧sēng見jiàn了le,老lǎo大dà不bù忍rěn,放fàng下xià行xíng李lǐ,上shàng前qián解jiě了le繩shéng索suǒ救jiù下xià。 沙shā僧sēng见jiàn了le,老lǎo大dà不bù忍rěn,放fàng下xià行xíng李lǐ,上shàng前qián解jiě了le绳shéng索suǒ救jiù下xià。

Sha Monk, at the sight, could bear it no longer; he set down the baggage, stepped up, cut the ropes, and brought him down.

Sha Monk, characteristically, says nothing and simply cuts him down. 行李 is xíng lǐ, the party's luggage — the load Sha Monk carries the whole way west. Both 了 here are the le of a finished action, not liǎo.

獃dāi子zi對duì他tā們men只zhǐ是shì磕kē頭tóu禮lǐ拜bài,其qí實shí羞xiū恥chǐ難nán當dāng。 呆dāi子zi对duì他tā们men只zhǐ是shì磕kē头tóu礼lǐ拜bài,其qí实shí羞xiū耻chǐ难nán当dāng。

The blockhead could only kowtow and bow to them, so unbearable was his disgrace.

難當, nán dāng — more than one can bear up under. 當 in its "withstand, sustain" sense.

有yǒu《西xī江jiāng月yuè》為wéi證zhèng: 有yǒu《西xī江jiāng月yuè》为wéi证zhèng:

There is a lyric to the tune "The Moon over the West River" in witness:

A tune-name, not a poem-title. 《西江月》 (Xī Jiāng Yuè, "Moon over the West River") is a fixed 詞 pattern — two matching stanzas of six, six, seven, six syllables — and Ming novelists slot their own words into it the way a lyricist writes to an existing melody. 為證, wéi zhèng, "in witness," is the standard formula for wheeling a verse on as evidence; its 為 is always wéi.

色sè乃nǎi傷shāng身shēn之zhī劍jiàn,貪tān之zhī必bì定dìng遭zāo殃yāng。 色sè乃nǎi伤shāng身shēn之zhī剑jiàn,贪tān之zhī必bì定dìng遭zāo殃yāng。

Lust is a sword that wounds the flesh; covet it, and calamity is sure to strike.

The lyric opens by naming the thing Bājiè could not resist: 色, sexual desire. Calling it a sword that wounds the body sets the register for everything that follows — this is a health warning as much as a moral one.

佳jiā人rén二èr八bā好hǎo容róng妝zhuāng。 佳jiā人rén二èr八bā好hǎo容róng妆zhuāng。

A fair one of twice-eight years, in comely paint and gown —

二八, èr bā — "twice eight," meaning sixteen. Chinese verse counts a beauty's age this way rather than saying the number outright, and sixteen is the conventional age at which she is most dangerous.

更gèng比bǐ夜yè叉chā兇xiōng壯zhuàng。 更gèng比bǐ夜yè叉chā凶xiōng壮zhuàng。

yet fiercer by far than any yakṣa fiend.

夜叉, yè chā, is the Chinese rendering of Sanskrit yakṣa, a flesh-eating demon of Buddhist cosmology. The two lines make a matched pair, and their whole force is the swerve: sixteen, painted, lovely — and worse than the demon.

只zhǐ有yǒu一yí個gè原yuán本běn,再zài無wú微wēi利lì添tiān囊náng。 只zhǐ有yǒu一yí个gè原yuán本běn,再zài无wú微wēi利lì添tiān囊náng。

You hold but one true stock of capital, with not a mite of profit to swell your purse.

Here the poem switches to accountancy, and stays there. 原本 is your capital, the principal you started with; the body's primal yang is a one-off endowment that earns no interest. Spend it on a night's pleasure and there is no 微利, not a mite of profit, to put back in the 囊 (náng, purse). Inner-alchemy texts really do talk like this, and the metaphor is not a joke — vital essence is a finite fund.

好hǎo將jiāng資zī本běn謹jǐn收shōu藏cáng。 好hǎo将jiāng资zī本běn谨jǐn收shōu藏cáng。

Best, then, to guard that fund and keep it close in store,

The book-keeping continues: 資本 is capital, 收藏 is to lock it away in store. 將 here is jiāng, the word that picks an object up and does something with it — "take your capital and stow it."

堅jiān守shǒu休xiū教jiào放fàng蕩dàng。 坚jiān守shǒu休xiū教jiào放fàng荡dàng。

hold fast to it, and let it not run loose in wanton waste.

休教, xiū jiào, "don't let" — the 教 that makes something happen, not the one that means "teach." 放蕩 is dissolute, off the leash. The stanza closes on the same ledger it opened with, and Bājiè, still rubbing his wrists, is the object lesson.


總評 Commentary

The chapter opens by clearing up unfinished business. Chapter 23 had ended with the Four Saints Test the Meditative Mind (四聖試禪心), in which Guānyīn and three fellow bodhisattvas disguised themselves as a wealthy widow and her three daughters and offered the pilgrims a life of comfortable marriage. Tripiṭaka, Pilgrim and Sha Monk declined. Bājiè did not, and spent the night roped to a tree for it.

What follows is not a rescue so much as a performance. Pilgrim arrives, declines to untie anything, and works through a routine — where's your mother-in-law, where's your wife, what a handsome bridegroom — while Bājiè grinds his teeth and refuses to give him the satisfaction of a yelp. Sha Monk, who says almost nothing in this novel and is usually the one holding the bags, quietly cuts the ropes. The division of labour is exact and tells you everything about the three of them.

Then the lyric arrives to explain what it all meant. 《西江月》 is a set tune, and the words fitted to it here turn the farce into a warning about 色, sexual desire — but in the vocabulary of a counting-house. Your body's primal yang is capital, a single non-renewable fund; lust is spending it for no return; the only sound policy is to lock it in the strongroom and keep it there. Inner-alchemy writing genuinely thinks in these terms, and the novel uses the metaphor straight. Bājiè, dangling from his tree, is what a bad investment looks like.