Canonical Classics ← 第二十九回
第二十九回
脫tuō難nàn江jiāng流liú來lái國guó土tǔ
承chéng恩ēn八bā戒jiè轉zhuǎn山shān林lín

Freed from Ordeal, River-Float Comes to the Kingdom's Land · Receiving Grace, Eight Rules Turns to the Mountain Forest

寶象國景致
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

寶象國景致 A Rhapsody on the Land of Precious Images

真zhēn好hǎo個gè處chù所suǒ也yě:真zhēn好hǎo个gè处chù所suǒ也yě:

雲yún渺miǎo渺miǎo,路lù迢tiáo迢tiáo。云yún渺miǎo渺miǎo,路lù迢tiáo迢tiáo。
地dì雖suī千qiān里lǐ外wài,景jǐng物wù一yì般bān饒ráo。地dì虽suī千qiān里lǐ外wài,景jǐng物wù一yì般bān饶ráo。
瑞ruì靄ǎi祥xiáng煙yān籠lóng罩zhào,清qīng風fēng明míng月yuè招zhāo搖yáo。瑞ruì霭ǎi祥xiáng烟yān笼lóng罩zhào,清qīng风fēng明míng月yuè招zhāo摇yáo。
嵂lǜ嵂lǜ崒zú崒zú的de遠yuǎn山shān,大dà開kāi圖tú畫huà;嵂lǜ嵂lǜ崒zú崒zú的de远yuǎn山shān,大dà开kāi图tú画huà;
潺chán潺chán湲yuán湲yuán的de流liú水shuǐ,碎suì濺jiàn瓊qióng瑤yáo。潺chán潺chán湲yuán湲yuán的de流liú水shuǐ,碎suì溅jiàn琼qióng瑶yáo。
可kě耕gēng的de連lián阡qiān帶dài陌mò,足zú食shí的de密mì蕙huì新xīn苗miáo。可kě耕gēng的de连lián阡qiān带dài陌mò,足zú食shí的de密mì蕙huì新xīn苗miáo。
漁yú釣diào的de幾jǐ家jiā三sān澗jiàn曲qū,樵qiáo採cǎi的de一yí擔dàn兩liǎng峰fēng椒jiāo。渔yú钓diào的de几jǐ家jiā三sān涧jiàn曲qū,樵qiáo采cǎi的de一yí担dàn两liǎng峰fēng椒jiāo。
廓kuò的de廓kuò,城chéng的de城chéng,金jīn湯tāng鞏gǒng固gù;廓kuò的de廓kuò,城chéng的de城chéng,金jīn汤tāng巩gǒng固gù;
家jiā的de家jiā,戶hù的de戶hù,只zhǐ鬥dòu逍xiāo遙yáo。家jiā的de家jiā,户hù的de户hù,只zhǐ斗dòu逍xiāo遥yáo。
九jiǔ重chóng的de高gāo閣gé如rú殿diàn宇yǔ,萬wàn丈zhàng的de層céng臺tái似sì錦jǐn標biāo。九jiǔ重chóng的de高gāo阁gé如rú殿diàn宇yǔ,万wàn丈zhàng的de层céng台tái似sì锦jǐn标biāo。
也yě有yǒu那nà太tài極jí殿diàn、華huá蓋gài殿diàn、燒shāo香xiāng殿diàn、觀guān文wén殿diàn、宣xuān政zhèng殿diàn、延yán英yīng殿diàn,一yí殿diàn殿diàn的de玉yù陛bì金jīn階jiē,擺bǎi列liè著zhe文wén冠guān武wǔ弁biàn;也yě有yǒu那nà太tài极jí殿diàn、华huá盖gài殿diàn、烧shāo香xiāng殿diàn、观guān文wén殿diàn、宣xuān政zhèng殿diàn、延yán英yīng殿diàn,一yí殿diàn殿diàn的de玉yù陛bì金jīn阶jiē,摆bǎi列liè着zhe文wén冠guān武wǔ弁biàn;
也yě有yǒu那nà大dà明míng宮gōng、昭zhāo陽yáng宮gōng、長cháng樂lè宮gōng、華huá清qīng宮gōng、建jiàn章zhāng宮gōng、未wèi央yāng宮gōng,一yì宮gōng宮gōng的de鐘zhōng鼓gǔ管guǎn籥yuè,撒sā抹mǒ了le閨guī怨yuàn春chūn愁chóu。也yě有yǒu那nà大dà明míng宫gōng、昭zhāo阳yáng宫gōng、长cháng乐lè宫gōng、华huá清qīng宫gōng、建jiàn章zhāng宫gōng、未wèi央yāng宫gōng,一yì宫gōng宫gōng的de钟zhōng鼓gǔ管guǎn籥yuè,撒sā抹mǒ了le闺guī怨yuàn春chūn愁chóu。
也yě有yǒu禁jìn苑yuàn的de露lù花huā勻yún嫩nèn臉liǎn,也yě有yǒu御yù溝gōu的de風fēng柳liǔ舞wǔ纖xiān腰yāo。也yě有yǒu禁jìn苑yuàn的de露lù花huā匀yún嫩nèn脸liǎn,也yě有yǒu御yù沟gōu的de风fēng柳liǔ舞wǔ纤xiān腰yāo。
通tōng衢qú上shàng,也yě有yǒu個gè頂dǐng冠guān束shù帶dài的de,盛shèng儀yí容róng,乘chéng五wǔ馬mǎ;通tōng衢qú上shàng,也yě有yǒu个gè顶dǐng冠guān束shù带dài的de,盛shèng仪yí容róng,乘chéng五wǔ马mǎ;
幽yōu僻pì中zhōng,也yě有yǒu個gè持chí弓gōng挾xié矢shǐ的de,撥bō雲yún霧wù,貫guàn雙shuāng鵰diāo。幽yōu僻pì中zhōng,也yě有yǒu个gè持chí弓gōng挟xié矢shǐ的de,拨bō云yún雾wù,贯guàn双shuāng雕diāo。
花huā柳liǔ的de巷xiàng,管guǎn弦xián的de樓lóu,春chūn風fēng不bú讓ràng洛luò陽yáng橋qiáo。花huā柳liǔ的de巷xiàng,管guǎn弦xián的de楼lóu,春chūn风fēng不bú让ràng洛luò阳yáng桥qiáo。
取qǔ經jīng的de長zhǎng老lǎo,回huí首shǒu大dà唐táng肝gān膽dǎn裂liè;取qǔ经jīng的de长zhǎng老lǎo,回huí首shǒu大dà唐táng肝gān胆dǎn裂liè;
伴bàn師shī的de徒tú弟dì,息xī肩jiān小xiǎo驛yì夢mèng魂hún消xiāo。伴bàn师shī的de徒tú弟dì,息xī肩jiān小xiǎo驿yì梦mèng魂hún消xiāo。

看kàn不bú盡jìn寶bǎo象xiàng國guó的de景jǐng致zhì。師shī徒tú三sān眾zhòng收shōu拾shí行xíng李lǐ、馬mǎ匹pǐ,安ān歇xiē館guǎn驛yì中zhōng。看kàn不bú尽jìn宝bǎo象xiàng国guó的de景jǐng致zhì。师shī徒tú三sān众zhòng收shōu拾shí行xíng李lǐ、马mǎ匹pǐ,安ān歇xiē馆guǎn驿yì中zhōng。


逐句解 Line by line

真zhēn好hǎo個gè處chù所suǒ也yě: 真zhēn好hǎo个gè处chù所suǒ也yě:

A splendid place indeed:

真好個處所也, "truly a fine place" — the storyteller's standard signal that he is about to stop telling the story and describe the scenery at length. What follows is a 賦, a formal descriptive rhapsody.

雲yún渺miǎo渺miǎo,路lù迢tiáo迢tiáo。 云yún渺miǎo渺miǎo,路lù迢tiáo迢tiáo。

Clouds far and faint, / the road long and winding.

It opens where an approach always opens: on distance and haze.

地dì雖suī千qiān里lǐ外wài,景jǐng物wù一yì般bān饒ráo。 地dì虽suī千qiān里lǐ外wài,景jǐng物wù一yì般bān饶ráo。

Though the land lay a thousand lǐ beyond, / its scenes and things were bounteous all the same.

一般饒 is "just as abundant." Far from Tang as this place is, it lacks for nothing.

瑞ruì靄ǎi祥xiáng煙yān籠lóng罩zhào,清qīng風fēng明míng月yuè招zhāo搖yáo。 瑞ruì霭ǎi祥xiáng烟yān笼lóng罩zhào,清qīng风fēng明míng月yuè招zhāo摇yáo。

Auspicious mists and lucky vapors mantled it round; / a clear wind and bright moon beckoned and swayed.

瑞靄祥煙, auspicious haze and lucky vapour, is the standard weather of a blessed and well-governed land. In this novel, if the mist is described as lucky, the kingdom is sound.

嵂lǜ嵂lǜ崒zú崒zú的de遠yuǎn山shān,大dà開kāi圖tú畫huà; 嵂lǜ嵂lǜ崒zú崒zú的de远yuǎn山shān,大dà开kāi图tú画huà;

The far peaks, jagged and towering, / spread wide like a painted scroll;

嵂嵂崒崒 is a doubled sound-word for jagged, piled-up mountains; 大開圖畫 means the view opens out like a painting unrolled.

潺chán潺chán湲yuán湲yuán的de流liú水shuǐ,碎suì濺jiàn瓊qióng瑤yáo。 潺chán潺chán湲yuán湲yuán的de流liú水shuǐ,碎suì溅jiàn琼qióng瑶yáo。

The flowing streams, purling and rippling, / dashed into scattered gems and jade.

潺潺湲湲 does the same trick for water — a purling, rippling sound made out of repeated syllables. 瓊瑤, fine jade, is what the spray is compared to.

可kě耕gēng的de連lián阡qiān帶dài陌mò,足zú食shí的de密mì蕙huì新xīn苗miáo。 可kě耕gēng的de连lián阡qiān带dài陌mò,足zú食shí的de密mì蕙huì新xīn苗miáo。

Fit for the plow, the linked field-paths ran across the acres; / rich enough to feed, the dense herbs and fresh young sprouts.

連阡帶陌 — field-paths running north-south and east-west — is the picture of properly divided, properly worked farmland. The couplet is an assessment as much as a description: this kingdom feeds itself.

漁yú釣diào的de幾jǐ家jiā三sān澗jiàn曲qū,樵qiáo採cǎi的de一yí擔dàn兩liǎng峰fēng椒jiāo。 渔yú钓diào的de几jǐ家jiā三sān涧jiàn曲qū,樵qiáo采cǎi的de一yí担dàn两liǎng峰fēng椒jiāo。

For the angler, a few households along the bends of three ravines; / for the woodcutter, a single load from the pepper-trees of two peaks.

The obligatory pair of country figures, the angler and the woodcutter, arrive to complete the idyll. 澗曲 is the bend of a ravine, 峰椒 the pepper-trees of the peaks. 擔 is the noun dàn, a shoulder-load, and because that reading carries a falling tone the 一 in front of it shifts to yí.

廓kuò的de廓kuò,城chéng的de城chéng,金jīn湯tāng鞏gǒng固gù; 廓kuò的de廓kuò,城chéng的de城chéng,金jīn汤tāng巩gǒng固gù;

Rampart upon rampart, wall upon wall, secure as a moat of molten metal;

From countryside to city walls. 金湯 is short for 金城湯池 — "a wall of metal, a moat of boiling water" — the old figure for defences nothing can get through. Modern Chinese still says 固若金湯 of anything impregnable, from a fortress to a football defence.

家jiā的de家jiā,戶hù的de戶hù,只zhǐ鬥dòu逍xiāo遙yáo。 家jiā的de家jiā,户hù的de户hù,只zhǐ斗dòu逍xiāo遥yáo。

Home beside home, door beside door, vying only in ease and leisure.

只鬥逍遙 is "competing only in taking it easy." Given the four-character phrase just before it was about siege-proof walls, the joke is deliberate: the city is built for war and used for leisure.

九jiǔ重chóng的de高gāo閣gé如rú殿diàn宇yǔ,萬wàn丈zhàng的de層céng臺tái似sì錦jǐn標biāo。 九jiǔ重chóng的de高gāo阁gé如rú殿diàn宇yǔ,万wàn丈zhàng的de层céng台tái似sì锦jǐn标biāo。

The ninefold high towers, like palace-halls; / the ten-thousand-zhàng tiered terraces, like brocade banners.

Now the palace quarter. 九重, "ninefold," is conventional shorthand for the imperial precinct; 萬丈, ten thousand zhàng, is frank exaggeration for height. 似 reads sì, "like."

也yě有yǒu那nà太tài極jí殿diàn、華huá蓋gài殿diàn、燒shāo香xiāng殿diàn、觀guān文wén殿diàn、宣xuān政zhèng殿diàn、延yán英yīng殿diàn,一yí殿diàn殿diàn的de玉yù陛bì金jīn階jiē,擺bǎi列liè著zhe文wén冠guān武wǔ弁biàn; 也yě有yǒu那nà太tài极jí殿diàn、华huá盖gài殿diàn、烧shāo香xiāng殿diàn、观guān文wén殿diàn、宣xuān政zhèng殿diàn、延yán英yīng殿diàn,一yí殿diàn殿diàn的de玉yù陛bì金jīn阶jiē,摆bǎi列liè着zhe文wén冠guān武wǔ弁biàn;

There too were the Supreme-Ultimate Hall, the Flowered-Canopy Hall, the Incense-Burning Hall, the Contemplation-of-Letters Hall, the Proclamation-of-Governance Hall, and the Prolonged-Brilliance Hall — hall upon hall, with jade steps and golden stairs, arrayed with the capped men of the pen and the capped men of arms;

Six halls, named in a row: 太極, 華蓋, 燒香, 觀文 (with 觀 read guān), 宣政, 延英. Every one of them is lifted from real Tang and Song palace nomenclature — this invented foreign kingdom is being furnished entirely out of the Chinese imperial catalogue. 玉陛金階 is jade steps and golden stairs; 文冠武弁, "civil caps and military caps," stands in for the officials wearing them. 擺列著 takes 著 as the ongoing zhe.

也yě有yǒu那nà大dà明míng宮gōng、昭zhāo陽yáng宮gōng、長cháng樂lè宮gōng、華huá清qīng宮gōng、建jiàn章zhāng宮gōng、未wèi央yāng宮gōng,一yì宮gōng宮gōng的de鐘zhōng鼓gǔ管guǎn籥yuè,撒sā抹mǒ了le閨guī怨yuàn春chūn愁chóu。 也yě有yǒu那nà大dà明míng宫gōng、昭zhāo阳yáng宫gōng、长cháng乐lè宫gōng、华huá清qīng宫gōng、建jiàn章zhāng宫gōng、未wèi央yāng宫gōng,一yì宫gōng宫gōng的de钟zhōng鼓gǔ管guǎn籥yuè,撒sā抹mǒ了le闺guī怨yuàn春chūn愁chóu。

There too were the Great-Brilliance Palace, the Resplendent-Sun Palace, the Lasting-Joy Palace, the Floriate-Clear Palace, the Established-Emblem Palace, and the Never-Ending Palace — palace upon palace, whose bells and drums and pipes and flutes wiped away the boudoir's grief and the springtime's sorrow.

And six palaces to match: 大明, 昭陽, 長樂 (長 = cháng, 樂 = lè, "Lasting Joy"), 華清, 建章, 未央 — Han and Tang names, every one. 鐘鼓管籥 is bells, drums, pipes and flutes, and what all that music is said to sweep away is 閨怨春愁, "the boudoir's resentment and the spring's melancholy" — the standing subject matter of a whole genre of Chinese poetry, here cheerfully abolished by an orchestra.

也yě有yǒu禁jìn苑yuàn的de露lù花huā勻yún嫩nèn臉liǎn,也yě有yǒu御yù溝gōu的de風fēng柳liǔ舞wǔ纖xiān腰yāo。 也yě有yǒu禁jìn苑yuàn的de露lù花huā匀yún嫩nèn脸liǎn,也yě有yǒu御yù沟gōu的de风fēng柳liǔ舞wǔ纤xiān腰yāo。

There were the dew-drenched flowers of the forbidden park, smoothing their tender cheeks; / there were the wind-blown willows of the palace moat, dancing their slender waists.

禁苑 is the forbidden park, 御溝 the palace moat. In the courtly manner the flowers powder their cheeks and the willows dance their waists: the garden is described as a woman throughout.

通tōng衢qú上shàng,也yě有yǒu個gè頂dǐng冠guān束shù帶dài的de,盛shèng儀yí容róng,乘chéng五wǔ馬mǎ; 通tōng衢qú上shàng,也yě有yǒu个gè顶dǐng冠guān束shù带dài的de,盛shèng仪yí容róng,乘chéng五wǔ马mǎ;

On the thoroughfare, one might see a man capped and sashed, in full ceremonial dress, riding behind a team of five horses;

頂冠束帶, capped and belted, is an official in full dress (冠 the noun, guān). 乘 reads chéng, to ride. 乘五馬, the five-horse team, was anciently the entitlement of a prefect — an official car with the right number of horses, and everybody on the street able to count them.

幽yōu僻pì中zhōng,也yě有yǒu個gè持chí弓gōng挾xié矢shǐ的de,撥bō雲yún霧wù,貫guàn雙shuāng鵰diāo。 幽yōu僻pì中zhōng,也yě有yǒu个gè持chí弓gōng挟xié矢shǐ的de,拨bō云yún雾wù,贯guàn双shuāng雕diāo。

In a secluded spot, one might see a man bearing bow and gripping arrow, parting the clouds and mist to transfix a pair of eagles at a single shot.

幽僻中 (中 = zhōng) is a secluded spot, and the archer in it is doing something a Chinese reader recognises instantly. 貫雙鵰, skewering two eagles, points at 一箭雙鵰 — one arrow, two hawks — which is still the ordinary Chinese for killing two birds with one stone, and which happens to have started life as a literal description: it was said of the Sui general Zhǎngsūn Shèng, who actually did it.

花huā柳liǔ的de巷xiàng,管guǎn弦xián的de樓lóu,春chūn風fēng不bú讓ràng洛luò陽yáng橋qiáo。 花huā柳liǔ的de巷xiàng,管guǎn弦xián的de楼lóu,春chūn风fēng不bú让ràng洛luò阳yáng桥qiáo。

Lanes of flowers and willows, towers of strings and pipes — its spring winds yielded nothing to the Bridge of Luoyang.

花柳, "flowers and willows," is the pleasure quarter; 管弦, "pipes and strings," is the music coming out of it. 洛陽橋, the Bridge of Luoyang, was the byword for a spring scene at its most splendid, and 不讓 — "yields nothing to" — measures Baoxiang against it and calls the match a draw.

取qǔ經jīng的de長zhǎng老lǎo,回huí首shǒu大dà唐táng肝gān膽dǎn裂liè; 取qǔ经jīng的de长zhǎng老lǎo,回huí首shǒu大dà唐táng肝gān胆dǎn裂liè;

The scripture-seeking elder, looking back toward great Tang, felt his liver and gall rend within him;

The rhapsody has spent its whole length on splendour, and now it turns and looks at the people watching. 長老 takes 長 as zhǎng. 肝膽裂, "liver and gall split apart," is the stock physical figure for overwhelming grief — Chinese puts the emotion in the organs where English puts it in the heart. What splits him is homesickness for Tang, and the magnificence in front of him has made it worse, not better.

伴bàn師shī的de徒tú弟dì,息xī肩jiān小xiǎo驛yì夢mèng魂hún消xiāo。 伴bàn师shī的de徒tú弟dì,息xī肩jiān小xiǎo驿yì梦mèng魂hún消xiāo。

The disciples attending their master, setting down their loads at the little post-station, felt their very dream-souls melt away.

息肩 is to rest the shoulder of its load; 小驛 is the little post-station (the 館驛 where they will sleep). 夢魂消, "the dream-soul melts away," is what exhaustion feels like from the inside. Two lines, and the grandest description in the chapter has become a picture of three tired men a very long way from home.

看kàn不bú盡jìn寶bǎo象xiàng國guó的de景jǐng致zhì。師shī徒tú三sān眾zhòng收shōu拾shí行xíng李lǐ、馬mǎ匹pǐ,安ān歇xiē館guǎn驛yì中zhōng。 看kàn不bú尽jìn宝bǎo象xiàng国guó的de景jǐng致zhì。师shī徒tú三sān众zhòng收shōu拾shí行xíng李lǐ、马mǎ匹pǐ,安ān歇xiē馆guǎn驿yì中zhōng。

One could not exhaust the sights of the Land of Precious Images. Master and disciples, the three of them, gathered up their baggage and their horse and took their rest within the post-station.

看不盡, "one could never finish looking," is the conventional seal that folds a set-piece back into the story — and it raises 盡 to jìn, which in turn shifts the 不 before it to bú. 師徒三眾 is "the three of them, master and disciples"; 館驛 is the post-station, the official hostel that housed travellers on state business. The rhapsody closes, and the narrative starts again.


總評 Commentary

Arrival at a major kingdom earns a full descriptive 賦, which is this novel's way of conferring scale and dignity on a new realm. The rhapsody works outward from landscape — cloud, peak, stream, farmland — to the fortified city, and then into the palace quarter, whose grandeur it conveys by sheer inventory: two roll-calls, six halls and six palaces, with names (太極, 華蓋, 宣政, 大明, 昭陽, 長樂, 華清, 未央 and the rest) taken straight from the real palaces of Han and Tang. The effect is to dress an invented kingdom in borrowed Chinese magnificence — rather as if a novelist furnished a fictional foreign capital with Westminster and the Capitol.

Then the last two couplets turn the camera round. Against all that splendour the pilgrims stand out as strangers: the scripture-seeking elder looks back toward Tang and feels his liver and gall tear, while the disciples set their loads down at a post-station and feel their dream-souls melt. The rhapsody is doing more than decorating. It measures how far these men have come, and it lets the reader feel, in the shadow of a foreign court, exactly how lonely the road is. The closing 看不盡 — one could never see it all — hands the story back to itself.