Canonical Classics ← 第二十九回
第二十九回
脫tuō難nàn江jiāng流liú來lái國guó土tǔ
承chéng恩ēn八bā戒jiè轉zhuǎn山shān林lín

Freed from Ordeal, River-Float Comes to the Kingdom's Land · Receiving Grace, Eight Rules Turns to the Mountain Forest

唱喏不拜
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

唱喏不拜 Eight Rules Mistakes a Banquet

那nà獃dāi子zi聽tīng見jiàn來lái請qǐng,對duì沙shā僧sēng道dào:「兄xiōng弟dì,你nǐ還hái不bú教jiào下xià書shū哩li,這zhè才cái見jiàn了le下xià書shū的de好hǎo處chù。想xiǎng是shì師shī父fù下xià了le書shū,國guó王wáng道dào,捎shāo書shū人rén不bù可kě怠dài慢màn,一yí定dìng整zhěng治zhì筵yán宴yàn待dài他tā;他tā的de食shí腸cháng不bú濟jì,有yǒu你nǐ我wǒ之zhī心xīn,舉jǔ出chū名míng來lái,故gù此cǐ著zhuó金jīn牌pái來lái請qǐng。大dà家jiā吃chī一yí頓dùn,明míng日rì好hǎo行xíng。」沙shā僧sēng道dào:「哥gē啊a,知zhī道dào是shì甚shén緣yuán故gù,我wǒ們men且qiě去qù來lái?」遂suì將jiāng行xíng李lǐ、馬mǎ匹pǐ俱jù交jiāo付fù驛yì丞chéng,各gè帶dài隨suí身shēn兵bīng器qì,隨suí金jīn牌pái入rù朝cháo。早zǎo行xíng到dào白bái玉yù階jiē前qián,左zuǒ右yòu立lì下xià,朝cháo上shàng唱chàng個gè喏rě,再zài也yě不bú動dòng。那nà文wén武wǔ多duō官guān,無wú人rén不bú怕pà。都dōu說shuō道dào:「這zhè兩liǎng個gè和hé尚shàng貌mào醜chǒu也yě罷bà,只zhǐ是shì粗cū俗sú太tài甚shèn,怎zěn麼me見jiàn我wǒ王wáng更gèng不bú下xià拜bài,喏rě畢bì平píng身shēn,挺tǐng然rán而ér立lì?可kě怪guài,可kě怪guài。」八bā戒jiè聽tīng見jiàn道dào:「列liè位wèi,莫mò要yào議yì論lùn,我wǒ們men是shì這zhè般bān:乍zhà看kàn果guǒ有yǒu些xiē醜chǒu,只zhǐ是shì看kàn下xià些xiē時shí來lái,卻què也yě耐nài看kàn。」那nà呆dāi子zi听tīng见jiàn来lái请qǐng,对duì沙shā僧sēng道dào:「兄xiōng弟dì,你nǐ还hái不bú教jiào下xià书shū哩li,这zhè才cái见jiàn了le下xià书shū的de好hǎo处chù。想xiǎng是shì师shī父fù下xià了le书shū,国guó王wáng道dào,捎shāo书shū人rén不bù可kě怠dài慢màn,一yí定dìng整zhěng治zhì筵yán宴yàn待dài他tā;他tā的de食shí肠cháng不bú济jì,有yǒu你nǐ我wǒ之zhī心xīn,举jǔ出chū名míng来lái,故gù此cǐ着zhuó金jīn牌pái来lái请qǐng。大dà家jiā吃chī一yí顿dùn,明míng日rì好hǎo行xíng。」沙shā僧sēng道dào:「哥gē啊a,知zhī道dào是shì甚shén缘yuán故gù,我wǒ们men且qiě去qù来lái?」遂suì将jiāng行xíng李lǐ、马mǎ匹pǐ俱jù交jiāo付fù驿yì丞chéng,各gè带dài随suí身shēn兵bīng器qì,随suí金jīn牌pái入rù朝cháo。早zǎo行xíng到dào白bái玉yù阶jiē前qián,左zuǒ右yòu立lì下xià,朝cháo上shàng唱chàng个gè喏rě,再zài也yě不bú动dòng。那nà文wén武wǔ多duō官guān,无wú人rén不bú怕pà。都dōu说shuō道dào:「这zhè两liǎng个gè和hé尚shàng貌mào丑chǒu也yě罢bà,只zhǐ是shì粗cū俗sú太tài甚shèn,怎zěn么me见jiàn我wǒ王wáng更gèng不bú下xià拜bài,喏rě毕bì平píng身shēn,挺tǐng然rán而ér立lì?可kě怪guài,可kě怪guài。」八bā戒jiè听tīng见jiàn道dào:「列liè位wèi,莫mò要yào议yì论lùn,我wǒ们men是shì这zhè般bān:乍zhà看kàn果guǒ有yǒu些xiē丑chǒu,只zhǐ是shì看kàn下xià些xiē时shí来lái,却què也yě耐nài看kàn。」


逐句解 Line by line

那nà獃dāi子zi聽tīng見jiàn來lái請qǐng,對duì沙shā僧sēng道dào:「兄xiōng弟dì,你nǐ還hái不bú教jiào下xià書shū哩li,這zhè才cái見jiàn了le下xià書shū的de好hǎo處chù。想xiǎng是shì師shī父fù下xià了le書shū,國guó王wáng道dào,捎shāo書shū人rén不bù可kě怠dài慢màn,一yí定dìng整zhěng治zhì筵yán宴yàn待dài他tā;他tā的de食shí腸cháng不bú濟jì,有yǒu你nǐ我wǒ之zhī心xīn,舉jǔ出chū名míng來lái,故gù此cǐ著zhuó金jīn牌pái來lái請qǐng。大dà家jiā吃chī一yí頓dùn,明míng日rì好hǎo行xíng。」 那nà呆dāi子zi听tīng见jiàn来lái请qǐng,对duì沙shā僧sēng道dào:「兄xiōng弟dì,你nǐ还hái不bú教jiào下xià书shū哩li,这zhè才cái见jiàn了le下xià书shū的de好hǎo处chù。想xiǎng是shì师shī父fù下xià了le书shū,国guó王wáng道dào,捎shāo书shū人rén不bù可kě怠dài慢màn,一yí定dìng整zhěng治zhì筵yán宴yàn待dài他tā;他tā的de食shí肠cháng不bú济jì,有yǒu你nǐ我wǒ之zhī心xīn,举jǔ出chū名míng来lái,故gù此cǐ着zhuó金jīn牌pái来lái请qǐng。大dà家jiā吃chī一yí顿dùn,明míng日rì好hǎo行xíng。」

When the blockhead heard they were being invited, he said to Sha Monk, 'Brother — and you were against delivering the letter! Now you see the good of delivering a letter. I'll wager the master delivered it, and the king said a letter-bearer must not be slighted, and has certainly laid on a banquet to entertain him; and since the master's own appetite is poor, out of regard for you and me he named our names — and so a golden tablet has been sent to invite us. We'll all eat a good meal, and be off tomorrow in fine fettle.'

Eight Rules hears "royal summons" and thinks "dinner." His whole reconstruction of events is wrong in every particular and perfectly logical given his priorities. 你還不教下書哩 (還 = hái, 哩 = li) is "and you were the one against delivering the letter!", with 教 as jiào, to have someone do something. 食腸不濟, "his food-gut is not up to much," is how he explains why the master would have named them — somebody has to eat the banquet. 著金牌 (著 = zhuó) is to send the golden tablet. He has invented an entire chain of reasoning to arrive at a free meal.

沙shā僧sēng道dào:「哥gē啊a,知zhī道dào是shì甚shén緣yuán故gù,我wǒ們men且qiě去qù來lái?」 沙shā僧sēng道dào:「哥gē啊a,知zhī道dào是shì甚shén缘yuán故gù,我wǒ们men且qiě去qù来lái?」

Said Sha Monk, 'Brother, who knows the reason for it? Let us just go and see.'

甚緣故 (甚 = shén) is "what reason." Sha Monk declines to guess, which is his whole character in one line, and the correct instinct besides.

遂suì將jiāng行xíng李lǐ、馬mǎ匹pǐ俱jù交jiāo付fù驛yì丞chéng,各gè帶dài隨suí身shēn兵bīng器qì,隨suí金jīn牌pái入rù朝cháo。早zǎo行xíng到dào白bái玉yù階jiē前qián,左zuǒ右yòu立lì下xià,朝cháo上shàng唱chàng個gè喏rě,再zài也yě不bú動dòng。 遂suì将jiāng行xíng李lǐ、马mǎ匹pǐ俱jù交jiāo付fù驿yì丞chéng,各gè带dài随suí身shēn兵bīng器qì,随suí金jīn牌pái入rù朝cháo。早zǎo行xíng到dào白bái玉yù阶jiē前qián,左zuǒ右yòu立lì下xià,朝cháo上shàng唱chàng个gè喏rě,再zài也yě不bú动dòng。

So they handed over the baggage and the horse to the post-master, and each taking his own weapon, followed the golden tablet into court. Coming early to the foot of the white-jade steps, they took their places to left and right, gave a single shout of salute toward the throne, and then stirred no further.

Here is the breach of etiquette that the court is about to have collective hysterics over. A 唱喏 — 喏 is rě — was a bow made with a spoken greeting, a respectful but everyday salute, roughly the nod you give a superior in a corridor. It is not the full prostration owed to a throne, and the two of them do that and then 再也不動, "moved no further." 將 (jiāng) carries the baggage over to the 驛丞, the post-station warden; 朝上 (朝 = cháo) is "toward the throne." Note also that they came in armed.

那nà文wén武wǔ多duō官guān,無wú人rén不bú怕pà。都dōu說shuō道dào:「這zhè兩liǎng個gè和hé尚shàng貌mào醜chǒu也yě罷bà,只zhǐ是shì粗cū俗sú太tài甚shèn,怎zěn麼me見jiàn我wǒ王wáng更gèng不bú下xià拜bài,喏rě畢bì平píng身shēn,挺tǐng然rán而ér立lì?可kě怪guài,可kě怪guài。」 那nà文wén武wǔ多duō官guān,无wú人rén不bú怕pà。都dōu说shuō道dào:「这zhè两liǎng个gè和hé尚shàng貌mào丑chǒu也yě罢bà,只zhǐ是shì粗cū俗sú太tài甚shèn,怎zěn么me见jiàn我wǒ王wáng更gèng不bú下xià拜bài,喏rě毕bì平píng身shēn,挺tǐng然rán而ér立lì?可kě怪guài,可kě怪guài。」

The many officials, civil and military, were every one of them afraid. They all said, 'That these two monks are ugly may pass — but they are excessively coarse and rude. How is it that, on seeing our king, they did not so much as bow, but, their salute done, stood straight upright, stiff and unmoving? Most strange, most strange!'

The officials' complaint sorts itself into two grievances, and the second is the real one. 貌醜也罷 — being ugly can be forgiven; 粗俗太甚 (甚 = shèn), being this coarse, cannot. 更不下拜 is "did not even go down and bow"; 喏畢 (喏 = rě) 平身,挺然而立 is "salute done, straightened up, stood there stiff as a post." 無人不怕 is "not one of them was unafraid" and 都 is dōu, all of them. The doubled 可怪,可怪 — how strange, how strange — is the sound of a room that has no procedure for this.

八bā戒jiè聽tīng見jiàn道dào:「列liè位wèi,莫mò要yào議yì論lùn,我wǒ們men是shì這zhè般bān:乍zhà看kàn果guǒ有yǒu些xiē醜chǒu,只zhǐ是shì看kàn下xià些xiē時shí來lái,卻què也yě耐nài看kàn。」 八bā戒jiè听tīng见jiàn道dào:「列liè位wèi,莫mò要yào议yì论lùn,我wǒ们men是shì这zhè般bān:乍zhà看kàn果guǒ有yǒu些xiē丑chǒu,只zhǐ是shì看kàn下xià些xiē时shí来lái,却què也yě耐nài看kàn。」

Eight Rules, overhearing, said, 'Gentlemen, no need to gossip. We are simply made this way: at first glance we are indeed a bit ugly, but look a while longer, and you'll find us quite easy on the eye.'

And Eight Rules, who has been listening, answers the wrong complaint entirely. 列位 is "you gentlemen"; 莫要議論 is "no need to discuss us." 耐看 — still ordinary Chinese — is said of a face that wears well, that grows on you the longer you look. He is offering the court reassurance about his appearance while they are complaining about his manners.


總評 Commentary

Eight Rules' misreading of the summons is pure character comedy. Where Sha Monk cautiously declines to guess, Eight Rules leaps straight to the conclusion nearest his own stomach: the letter must have earned them a banquet, the master's poor appetite has left the eating to the two of them, and a golden tablet has come to fetch them to dinner. The entire cheerful construction rests on greed, and the gap between what he expects — a feast — and what is waiting — a demon — is what powers the scene.

Their conduct at court then delivers a pointed contrast. A few scenes ago the same officials sighed with admiration at Tripitaka's decorous bearing, the very model of the superior realm; now his disciples produce one perfunctory salute and stand there like posts, refusing the prostration that propriety demands, and the court recoils in baffled outrage. Eight Rules' shameless rejoinder — that his ugliness simply wants getting used to — completes the picture of a boorishness entirely unaware there is anything to be boorish about, and the joke lands, gently, on the pomp so recently admired.