Canonical Classics ← 第三十八回
第三十八回
嬰yīng兒ér問wèn母mǔ知zhī邪xié正zhèng
金jīn木mù參cān玄xuán見jiàn假jiǎ真zhēn

The Infant Questions His Mother and Learns the Crooked from the Upright · Metal and Wood, Probing the Mystery, Perceive the False and the True

芭蕉標井
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

芭蕉標井 The Plantain Marks the Well

八bā戒jiè道dào:「且qiě嘆tàn他tā做zuò甚shén?快kuài幹gàn我wǒ們men的de買mǎi賣mài去qù來lái。」行xíng者zhě雖suī然rán感gǎn慨kǎi,卻què留liú心xīn想xiǎng起qǐ唐táng僧sēng的de夢mèng來lái,說shuō芭bā蕉jiāo樹shù下xià方fāng是shì井jǐng。正zhèng行xíng走zǒu,果guǒ見jiàn一yì株zhū芭bā蕉jiāo,生shēng得de茂mào盛shèng,比bǐ眾zhòng花huā木mù不bù同tóng。真zhēn是shì:八bā戒jiè道dào:「且qiě叹tàn他tā做zuò甚shén?快kuài干gàn我wǒ们men的de买mǎi卖mài去qù来lái。」行xíng者zhě虽suī然rán感gǎn慨kǎi,却què留liú心xīn想xiǎng起qǐ唐táng僧sēng的de梦mèng来lái,说shuō芭bā蕉jiāo树shù下xià方fāng是shì井jǐng。正zhèng行xíng走zǒu,果guǒ见jiàn一yì株zhū芭bā蕉jiāo,生shēng得de茂mào盛shèng,比bǐ众zhòng花huā木mù不bù同tóng。真zhēn是shì:

一yì種zhǒng靈líng苗miáo秀xiù,天tiān生shēng體tǐ性xìng空kōng。一yì种zhǒng灵líng苗miáo秀xiù,天tiān生shēng体tǐ性xìng空kōng。
枝zhī枝zhī抽chōu片piàn紙zhǐ,葉yè葉yè捲juǎn芳fāng叢cóng。枝zhī枝zhī抽chōu片piàn纸zhǐ,叶yè叶yè卷juǎn芳fāng丛cóng。
翠cuì縷lǚ千qiān條tiáo細xì,丹dān心xīn一yì點diǎn紅hóng。翠cuì缕lǚ千qiān条tiáo细xì,丹dān心xīn一yì点diǎn红hóng。
淒qī涼liáng愁chóu夜yè雨yǔ,憔qiáo悴cuì怯qiè秋qiū風fēng。凄qī凉liáng愁chóu夜yè雨yǔ,憔qiáo悴cuì怯qiè秋qiū风fēng。
長zhǎng養yǎng元yuán丁dīng力lì,栽zāi培péi造zào化huà工gōng。长zhǎng养yǎng元yuán丁dīng力lì,栽zāi培péi造zào化huà工gōng。
緘jiān書shū成chéng妙miào用yòng,揮huī灑sǎ有yǒu奇qí功gōng。缄jiān书shū成chéng妙miào用yòng,挥huī洒sǎ有yǒu奇qí功gōng。
鳳fèng翎líng寧níng得dé似sì,鸞luán尾wěi迥jiǒng相xiāng同tóng。凤fèng翎líng宁níng得dé似sì,鸾luán尾wěi迥jiǒng相xiāng同tóng。
薄bó露lù瀼ráng瀼ráng滴dī,輕qīng煙yān淡dàn淡dàn籠lóng。薄bó露lù瀼ráng瀼ráng滴dī,轻qīng烟yān淡dàn淡dàn笼lóng。
青qīng陰yīn遮zhē戶hù牖yǒu,碧bì影yǐng上shàng簾lián櫳lóng。青qīng阴yīn遮zhē户hù牖yǒu,碧bì影yǐng上shàng帘lián栊lóng。
不bù許xǔ棲qī鴻hóng雁yàn,何hé堪kān繫jì玉yù驄cōng。不bù许xǔ栖qī鸿hóng雁yàn,何hé堪kān系jì玉yù骢cōng。
霜shuāng天tiān形xíng槁gǎo悴cuì,月yuè夜yè色sè朦méng朧lóng。霜shuāng天tiān形xíng槁gǎo悴cuì,月yuè夜yè色sè朦méng胧lóng。
僅jǐn可kě消xiāo炎yán暑shǔ,猶yóu宜yí避bì日rì烘hōng。仅jǐn可kě消xiāo炎yán暑shǔ,犹yóu宜yí避bì日rì烘hōng。
愧kuì無wú桃táo李lǐ色sè,冷lěng落luò粉fěn牆qiáng東dōng。愧kuì无wú桃táo李lǐ色sè,冷lěng落luò粉fěn墙qiáng东dōng。

逐句解 Line by line

八bā戒jiè道dào:「且qiě嘆tàn他tā做zuò甚shén? 八bā戒jiè道dào:「且qiě叹tàn他tā做zuò甚shén?

Bajie said: 'And what's the good of sighing over it?'

且嘆他做甚: 'and what's the good of sighing over it?' Bajie has no patience with scenery. 甚 = shén, 'what.'

快kuài幹gàn我wǒ們men的de買mǎi賣mài去qù來lái。」 快kuài干gàn我wǒ们men的de买mǎi卖mài去qù来lái。」

'Let's get on with our business.'

買賣, the 'business' again — he has not stopped thinking about the treasure for a moment. 快幹…去來: let's get on with it.

行xíng者zhě雖suī然rán感gǎn慨kǎi,卻què留liú心xīn想xiǎng起qǐ唐táng僧sēng的de夢mèng來lái,說shuō芭bā蕉jiāo樹shù下xià方fāng是shì井jǐng。 行xíng者zhě虽suī然rán感gǎn慨kǎi,却què留liú心xīn想xiǎng起qǐ唐táng僧sēng的de梦mèng来lái,说shuō芭bā蕉jiāo树shù下xià方fāng是shì井jǐng。

The Pilgrim, though moved, kept his wits about him and recalled the Tang Monk's dream, which said that the well lay beneath the plantain tree.

留心: kept his wits about him. He is moved by the ruin and still remembers the one useful detail from the drowned king's dream in the previous chapter — the well is under the plantain. 行 = xíng.

正zhèng行xíng走zǒu,果guǒ見jiàn一yì株zhū芭bā蕉jiāo,生shēng得de茂mào盛shèng,比bǐ眾zhòng花huā木mù不bù同tóng。 正zhèng行xíng走zǒu,果guǒ见jiàn一yì株zhū芭bā蕉jiāo,生shēng得de茂mào盛shèng,比bǐ众zhòng花huā木mù不bù同tóng。

As they walked on, sure enough they saw a plantain, grown lush and thriving, unlike all the other plants and trees.

One plant thriving in a dead garden is a marker, and they both see it. 一株芭蕉: a single plantain, the broad-leaved banana relative. 生得茂盛: grown lush (得 = de).

真zhēn是shì: 真zhēn是shì:

Truly it was:

真是, 'truly it was' — the tag introducing the display poem on the plantain that follows, a long regulated piece in the 排律 form, where the parallel couplets simply keep going.

一yì種zhǒng靈líng苗miáo秀xiù,天tiān生shēng體tǐ性xìng空kōng。 一yì种zhǒng灵líng苗miáo秀xiù,天tiān生shēng体tǐ性xìng空kōng。

A single numinous shoot, gracefully fair, / by nature born with a hollow, empty core.

一種靈苗秀: one shoot with spirit in it, and a fair one. 天生體性空: hollow by nature. The plantain's stalk has no pith — it is leaf wrapped round leaf round nothing — which made it the stock emblem of Buddhist emptiness, 空. Peel it to find the core and you find there is no core, which is rather the point.

枝zhī枝zhī抽chōu片piàn紙zhǐ,葉yè葉yè捲juǎn芳fāng叢cóng。 枝zhī枝zhī抽chōu片piàn纸zhǐ,叶yè叶yè卷juǎn芳fāng丛cóng。

Stalk after stalk unfurls a sheet like paper; / leaf after leaf rolls up its fragrant cluster.

抽片紙…捲芳叢: each stalk draws out a sheet like paper, each leaf rolls up its fragrant cluster. Plantain leaves really were used as writing surfaces, and the poem will come back to that.

翠cuì縷lǚ千qiān條tiáo細xì,丹dān心xīn一yì點diǎn紅hóng。 翠cuì缕lǚ千qiān条tiáo细xì,丹dān心xīn一yì点diǎn红hóng。

A thousand kingfisher-green threads, fine and slender; / one cinnabar heart, a single point of red.

翠縷…丹心: kingfisher-green threads for the leaf veins, a cinnabar heart for the unopened bud. Two colors, and the poem has painted the plant.

淒qī涼liáng愁chóu夜yè雨yǔ,憔qiáo悴cuì怯qiè秋qiū風fēng。 凄qī凉liáng愁chóu夜yè雨yǔ,憔qiáo悴cuì怯qiè秋qiū风fēng。

Forlorn, it grieves in the night rain; / wan and worn, it shrinks from the autumn wind.

The plantain personified — forlorn in the night rain, shrinking from the autumn wind. Its huge thin leaves tear easily, which is why it became the standard Chinese emblem of beautiful frailty.

長zhǎng養yǎng元yuán丁dīng力lì,栽zāi培péi造zào化huà工gōng。 长zhǎng养yǎng元yuán丁dīng力lì,栽zāi培péi造zào化huà工gōng。

Its nurture owes to primal, sturdy strength; / its planting, to the craft of Creation itself.

長養: to nurture and bring on (長 = zhǎng). 造化工 is the workmanship of Creation itself — nature as the craftsman who planted it.

緘jiān書shū成chéng妙miào用yòng,揮huī灑sǎ有yǒu奇qí功gōng。 缄jiān书shū成chéng妙miào用yòng,挥huī洒sǎ有yǒu奇qí功gōng。

Sealed in letters, it serves a wondrous use; / brushed and splashed, it works a marvelous art.

緘書…揮灑: 'sealed in letters' and 'brushed and splashed.' The leaf as writing paper again, this time in the calligrapher's hands. There is a famous story of a Tang monk too poor for paper who practiced his brushwork on plantain leaves, and the poem is leaning on it.

鳳fèng翎líng寧níng得dé似sì,鸞luán尾wěi迥jiǒng相xiāng同tóng。 凤fèng翎líng宁níng得dé似sì,鸾luán尾wěi迥jiǒng相xiāng同tóng。

How could the phoenix-plume be its equal? / The simurgh's tail is far from its like.

鳳翎…鸞尾: the phoenix-plume and the simurgh's tail, two of the most beautiful things the tradition can name — and neither of them, the poem claims, is a match for a banana leaf. 得 = dé; 相 = xiāng.

薄bó露lù瀼ráng瀼ráng滴dī,輕qīng煙yān淡dàn淡dàn籠lóng。 薄bó露lù瀼ráng瀼ráng滴dī,轻qīng烟yān淡dàn淡dàn笼lóng。

Thin dew drips in glistening beads; / light mist enfolds it, faint and pale.

薄露…輕煙: thin dew and light mist (薄 = bó, 'thin'). 瀼瀼 is dew hanging heavy and dripping.

青qīng陰yīn遮zhē戶hù牖yǒu,碧bì影yǐng上shàng簾lián櫳lóng。 青qīng阴yīn遮zhē户hù牖yǒu,碧bì影yǐng上shàng帘lián栊lóng。

Its green shade curtains the window and door; / its jade shadow climbs the blind and lattice.

遮戶牖…上簾櫳: the shade curtains the doorway, the shadow climbs the lattice. Planted by a window on purpose, then — that green light through paper screens is one of the pleasures the plant was grown for.

不bù許xǔ棲qī鴻hóng雁yàn,何hé堪kān繫jì玉yù驄cōng。 不bù许xǔ栖qī鸿hóng雁yàn,何hé堪kān系jì玉yù骢cōng。

It will not let the wild geese roost; / how could it serve to tether a jade-piebald steed?

不許棲鴻雁: too flimsy to bear a goose landing on it. 何堪繫玉驄: and far too flimsy to tie a horse to (繫 = jì, 'to tether'; 玉驄 is a jade-piebald mount). The poem is listing what the plantain is no good for, which turns out to be its best argument. 不 = bù.

霜shuāng天tiān形xíng槁gǎo悴cuì,月yuè夜yè色sè朦méng朧lóng。 霜shuāng天tiān形xíng槁gǎo悴cuì,月yuè夜yè色sè朦méng胧lóng。

Under frost-skies its form is withered; / on moonlit nights its hue is dim and blurred.

槁悴: withered under frost. 朦朧: blurred by moonlight. Two more ways of being faint.

僅jǐn可kě消xiāo炎yán暑shǔ,猶yóu宜yí避bì日rì烘hōng。 仅jǐn可kě消xiāo炎yán暑shǔ,犹yóu宜yí避bì日rì烘hōng。

It serves but to dispel the summer's heat, / and is fit still to shelter from the sun's glare.

What it is good for, modestly stated: shade in high summer, a screen against the glare.

愧kuì無wú桃táo李lǐ色sè,冷lěng落luò粉fěn牆qiáng東dōng。 愧kuì无wú桃táo李lǐ色sè,冷lěng落luò粉fěn墙qiáng东dōng。

Ashamed to lack the peach's and plum's bright color, / it stands neglected east of the whitewashed wall.

愧無桃李色 — 'ashamed to lack the color of peach and plum.' Peach and plum are the tradition's byword for showy popularity; the plantain has no blossom to speak of and stands out of the way by the whitewashed wall, unlooked-at. The poem has spent thirteen couplets praising a plant for being overlooked, which is exactly the note the chapter needs at this moment.


總評 Commentary

Bajie's brisk 'what's the good of sighing?' snaps the pair back to business, and Wukong, remembering the drowned king's dream, finds the well marked by a single lush plantain. Then the novel does something wonderfully unhurried: it stops the burglary dead and spends thirteen couplets on the banana tree.

The poem is a virtuoso object-poem, a 詠物詩, working through every attribute the plant has. The hollow pithless stalk, standing for Buddhist emptiness; the broad leaves likened to sheets of writing-paper; green veins and a red bud; frailty before wind and frost; a modest usefulness as summer shade. Throughout, the plantain is personified as forlorn and unshowy, ashamed to lack the bright color of peach and plum.

Placed here, the plantain quietly rhymes with the chapter's concerns. Its hollowness invokes the emptiness the Buddhist frame keeps in view, and its neglected, flowerless endurance beside a ruined garden figures a plain worth overlooked in a kingdom gone false. The lyric pause also sharpens by contrast the grim comedy about to follow — because it is directly under this delicate, much-praised plant that the king's body is lying.