Canonical Classics ← 第三十八回
第三十八回
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The Infant Questions His Mother and Learns the Crooked from the Upright · Metal and Wood, Probing the Mystery, Perceive the False and the True

叩問即位
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

叩問即位 Pressing the Question of the Throne

tàikòutóudào:「qīnwènwèidēnglóngshìchēngdàoguǎguǒrén?」niángniangwényándào:「zhèháiérfēnglezuòhuángdeshìwángwènzěnde?」tàikòutóudào:「wànwàngqīnshèzuìgǎnwènshègǎnwèn。」niángniangdào:「jiāyǒuzuìshèshèkuàikuàishuōlái。」tàidào:「qīnwènsānniánqiángōngzhīshìhòusānniánēnàitóngfǒu?」tàikòutóudào:「qīnwènwèidēnglóngshìchēngdàoguǎguǒrén?」niángniangwényándào:「zhèháiérfēnglezuòhuángdeshìwángwènzěnde?」tàikòutóudào:「wànwàngqīnshèzuìgǎnwènshègǎnwèn。」niángniangdào:「jiāyǒuzuìshèshèkuàikuàishuōlái。」tàidào:「qīnwènsānniánqiángōngzhīshìhòusānniánēnàitóngfǒu?」


逐句解 Line by line

tàikòutóudào:「qīnwènwèidēnglóngshì tàikòutóudào:「qīnwènwèidēnglóngshì

The prince knocked his head to the ground and said: 'Mother, I ask you — who is it that has taken the throne and mounted the dragon?

叩頭 is the kowtow proper — forehead knocked against the floor. Then the question, and everything turns on one small character: 那個 here is a question, read , 'which one, who,' and not the pointing , 'that one.' 太子: = .

chēngdàoguǎguǒrén?」 chēngdàoguǎguǒrén?」

Who, in truth, is the one who styles himself the Solitary and the Orphaned?'

稱孤道寡 is a splendid piece of protocol. A king refers to himself as , 'the Orphan,' and , 'the Solitary' — ritual self-belittlement, the throne's version of 'your humble servant.' The prince is asking who has the right to those words, which is a far more dangerous question than it sounds. is chēng.

niángniangwényándào:「zhèháiérfēngle niángniangwényándào:「zhèháiérfēngle

Hearing this, the lady said: 'Has the child gone out of his wits?

發風 is a variant writing of 發瘋: to fly into a fit, to rave. She thinks the boy has lost his mind. 孩兒: = ér.

zuòhuángdeshìwángwènzěnde?」 zuòhuángdeshìwángwènzěnde?」

He who is emperor is your own father-king — why do you ask such a thing?'

Her exasperation is entirely domestic and entirely uninformed, and that is the point — the 'father-king' she is defending is the demon.

tàikòutóudào:「wànwàngqīnshèzuìgǎnwèn tàikòutóudào:「wànwàngqīnshèzuìgǎnwèn

The prince knocked his head again and said: 'I beg my mother to hold your son blameless, and then I will make bold to ask;

赦子無罪, 'pardon your son as guiltless.' He is asking for the pardon before the offense, because the question he means to ask is treason if he is wrong. , twice here, is .

shègǎnwèn。」 shègǎnwèn。」

if you will not pardon me, I dare not ask.'

No pardon, no question. He is bargaining her into a promise before he will say a word.

niángniangdào:「jiāyǒuzuì niángniangdào:「jiāyǒuzuì

The lady said: 'Between mother and son, what crime could there be?

子母家, 'in a household of mother and son.' She waves the whole idea of guilt away — what crime could there be between the two of them? = .

shèshèkuàikuàishuōlái。」 shèshèkuàikuàishuōlái。」

You are pardoned, you are pardoned — out with it, quickly.'

赦你 twice, then 'out with it.' Curiosity has done the prince's work for him.

tàidào:「qīnwènsānniánqiángōngzhīshìhòusānniánēnàitóngfǒu?」 tàidào:「qīnwènsānniánqiángōngzhīshìhòusānniánēnàitóngfǒu?」

The prince said: 'Mother, I ask you this: the matter of the bedchamber three years ago, and the conjugal love of the three years since — are they the same, or not?'

And here is the question the chapter has been walking toward, and it is startlingly private: has the marriage felt the same these last three years as it did before? 恩愛 is conjugal tenderness, the warmth between husband and wife. A usurper can copy a face, a voice, a signature; the prince has found the one thing no impostor can counterfeit. 太子: = .


總評 Commentary

The interrogation advances by ritual inches — kowtow, plea for pardon, refusal to speak without it — each move raising the stakes before a single dangerous word is said. The prince's phrasing is courtly and oblique (稱孤道寡, 即位登龍), circling the throne rather than accusing anyone of anything.

Her replies stay pitched in ordinary domestic exasperation: has the boy gone mad? what crime could there be between a mother and her son? The very ordinariness sharpens the reader's foreknowledge, because the 'father-king' she is defending is a demon wearing a dead man's face.

Then comes the diagnostic question, and it is a brilliant one. By asking whether the conjugal warmth of the last three years matches what came before, the prince tests the single thing an impostor cannot forge. The answer, when it comes, will arrive in verse, and the whole business of telling 邪正 — crooked from upright — will rest on the most private evidence in the book.