The woman, hearing this, flew into a rage: "This insolent monk has no manners!"

The mask comes off. 大怒 is to fly into a great fury; 潑和尚, brazen monk, is an insult, and 無禮, without manners, is the charge. Every trace of the coy hostess has gone in one line.

"Were it not that I regard you as come from far, from the Land of the East, I ought to have you driven out with a shout."

看你東土遠來, out of consideration that you have come far from the East; 叱出, to shout somebody off the premises. The threat has been sitting under the hospitality all along.

"Here am I, in all sincerity of heart, wishing to make over my family fortune and take you in as husbands — and you, on the contrary, wound me with your words."

真心實意, true heart and genuine intent — she is recasting the whole thing as generosity repaid with insult. 家緣 is the family estate, one's worldly lot; 招贅, to take a husband into the house. In 將言語傷我 the 將 is the handling-word jiāng: took words and wounded me with them.

"Even supposing you have taken the precepts and made your vow never to return to the lay world — surely, of the men under you, my house might yet recruit one. Why must you cleave so stiffly to the rule?"

And then the flanking move. 受了戒, 發了願 — taken the precepts, sworn the vow. 永不還俗, never to return to lay life, reads 還 as the verb huán, to go back, not the adverb hái, still. 招得一個 takes the light de, manage to take one in; 執法 is to hold rigidly to the rule. She has conceded the master's vow in order to go after his disciples.

Tripitaka, seeing her wrath, could only turn all humble and placating, and called out, "Wukong — you stay here."

只得, having no choice but, takes 得 as dé. 者者謙謙 is a doubled phrase meaning obsequiously deferential, all bows and apology — the sound of a man backing away while smiling. And note what he actually does: cornered, he does not refuse on principle. He passes the offer down the line.

Pilgrim said, "From a child I never knew how to do that sort of thing — let Bajie stay here."

從小兒, from childhood. 不曉得 takes the light de, did not know how; 那般事 — 那 as nà, 般 as bān — that kind of business. 教八戒, have Bajie do it, uses the causative jiào. Wukong's excuse is perfectly true and beautifully aimed.

Bajie said, "Brother — don't go planting it on someone else! Let us all think it over at leisure."

栽人 is to plant something on somebody, to frame them — the same word a Chinese speaker still uses for being stitched up. 從長計較, think it over at length, takes 長 as cháng, long; 計較 is to reckon or deliberate. He does not say no. That is the whole point of the line.

Tripitaka said, "If you two are unwilling, then let Wujing stay here."

你兩個不肯, you two are unwilling; 便教悟淨, then have Wujing do it, with the causative jiào. The master is working steadily down his own disciples like a man dealing cards he does not want.

Sha Monk said, "Just listen to what the Master says!"

你看師父說的話, listen to what the master is saying — an exclamation of protest, not a question. Sha Monk is about to give the only clean answer anyone gives in this chapter.

"Your disciple, moved by the Bodhisattva's exhortation, took the precepts and the discipline, and waited upon the Master."

弟子, disciple, takes 子 as the full noun zǐ. 蒙菩薩勸化 is to receive the Bodhisattva's converting exhortation; 戒行, the moral discipline of the precepts, reads 行 as xíng. He starts from the vow, which is what none of the others has done.

"Since the Master took me in and further instructed me — following the Master not yet two months, having not gained even half a measure of merit — how should I dare covet such wealth?"

承教誨, received instruction, with 教 as jiào. 跟著師父 takes the running 著 (zhe). 還不上兩月, not yet two months, uses 還 as the adverb hái, still. 進得半分功果 takes the light de, with 半分, half a fraction (分 as fēn), and 功果, merit-fruit — the same karmic ledger Wukong invoked over the dragon-horse. Sha Monk has counted the days he has been on the road and found the account nearly empty. That, he says, is precisely why he cannot take the offer.

"I would sooner die than not go on to the Western Heaven; never will I do this conscience-betraying thing."

寧死, sooner die. 欺心之事 is a thing that cheats your own heart — the closest classical Chinese comes to saying against conscience.