The woman, hearing this, flew into a rage: “This insolent monk has no manners!”

那婦人 nà. 大怒 “to fly into a great fury” — the widow's mask of coy hospitality drops. 潑和尚 “rude, brazen monk,” an abusive epithet; 無禮 “without propriety.”

“Were it not that I regard you as come from far, from the Land of the East, I ought to have you driven out with a shout.”

看你東土遠來 “out of consideration that you have come far from the East.” 叱出 “to shout (someone) out, drive off.” The threat under the hospitality.

“Here am I, in all sincerity of heart, wishing to make over my family fortune and take you in as husbands — and you, on the contrary, wound me with your words.”

真心實意 “true heart and genuine intent.” 家緣 “the family estate, one's worldly lot.” 招贅 “to take in a live-in husband.” 將言語傷我 — 將 the disposal jiāng (“take words and wound me with them”).

“Even supposing you have taken the precepts and made your vow never to return to the lay world — surely, of the men under you, my house might yet recruit one. Why must you cleave so stiffly to the rule?”

受了戒，發了願 “taken the precepts, sworn the vow.” 永不還俗 — 還俗 reads huán sú (“to return to secular life”), 還 the verb “return,” not the adverb hái. 招得一個 — 得 resultative de (“manage to take in one”). 執法 “to hold rigidly to the rule.”

Tripitaka, seeing her wrath, could only turn all humble and placating, and called out, “Wukong — you stay here.”

三藏 zàng. 只得 “can only, have no choice but,” 得 here dé (the modal “must”). 者者謙謙 a reduplicative, “obsequiously deferential, all bows and apology.” Cornered, Tripitaka shunts the offer onto his disciples.

Pilgrim said, “From a child I never knew how to do that sort of thing — let Bajie stay here.”

行者 xíng zhě. 從小兒 “from childhood.” 不曉得 — 得 resultative de (“did not know how”). 那般事 — 那 nà, 般 bān (“that kind of business”). 教八戒 “have Bajie (do it),” causative jiào.

Bajie said, “Brother — don't go planting it on someone else! Let us all think it over at leisure.”

栽人 “to frame, to foist (a thing) on another.” 大家從長計較 — 從長 “at length, unhurriedly,” 長 here cháng (“long”); 計較 “to reckon, deliberate.” Bajie deflects, unwilling to be volunteered yet unwilling to refuse outright.

Tripitaka said, “If you two are unwilling, then let Wujing stay here.”

三藏 zàng. 你兩個不肯 “you two are unwilling.” 便教悟淨 “then have Wujing (do it),” causative jiào. The Master works down the line of disciples.

Sha Monk said, “Just listen to what the Master says!”

你看師父說的話 “look at (listen to) what the Master is saying” — an exclamation of protest. Sha Monk's answer will be the firmest of the three.

“Your disciple, moved by the Bodhisattva's exhortation, took the precepts and the discipline, and waited upon the Master.”

弟子 “disciple,” 子 here the noun zǐ. 蒙菩薩勸化 “to receive the Bodhisattva's converting exhortation.” 戒行 “the moral discipline (of the precepts),” 行 xíng.

“Since the Master took me in and further instructed me — following the Master not yet two months, having not gained even half a measure of merit — how should I dare covet such wealth?”

承教誨 “to receive instruction,” 教 jiào. 跟著師父 “following the Master,” 著 the durative zhe. 還不上兩月 — 還 here the adverb hái (“still not up to”). 進得半分功果 — 得 resultative de; 半分 “half a fraction,” 分 fēn. 功果 “meritorious fruit.”

“I would sooner die than not go on to the Western Heaven; never will I do this conscience-betraying thing.”

寧死 “rather die.” 欺心之事 “an affair that cheats one's own heart (conscience).” Sha Monk's flat refusal closes the disciples' answers and seals the rejection.