Canonical Classics ← 第二十三回
第二十三回
三sān藏zàng不bú忘wàng本běn
四sì聖shèng試shì禪chán心xīn

Tripitaka Does Not Forget His Origin · The Four Saints Test the Meditative Heart

揭破前情
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

揭破前情 Bajie's Past Exposed

沙shā僧sēng道dào:「二èr哥gē原yuán來lái是shì有yǒu嫂sǎo子zi的de?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ還hái不bù知zhī他tā哩li。他tā本běn是shì烏wū斯sī藏zàng高gāo老lǎo兒ér莊zhuāng高gāo太tài公gōng的de女nǚ婿xù,因yīn被bèi老lǎo孫sūn降xiáng了le。他tā也yě曾céng受shòu菩pú薩sà戒jiè行xíng,沒méi及jí奈nài何hé,被bèi我wǒ捉zhuō他tā來lái做zuò個gè和hé尚shàng,所suǒ以yǐ棄qì了le前qián妻qī,投tóu師shī父fù往wǎng西xī拜bài佛fó。他tā想xiǎng是shì離lí別bié的de久jiǔ了le,又yòu想xiǎng起qǐ那nà個gè勾gòu當dàng,卻què才cái聽tīng見jiàn這zhè個gè勾gòu當dàng,斷duàn然rán又yòu有yǒu此cǐ心xīn。獃dāi子zi,你nǐ與yǔ這zhè家jiā子zi做zuò了le女nǚ婿xù罷bà,只zhǐ是shì多duō拜bài老lǎo孫sūn幾jǐ拜bài,我wǒ不bù檢jiǎn舉jǔ你nǐ就jiù罷bà了le。」那nà獃dāi子zi道dào:「胡hú說shuō,胡hú說shuō。大dà家jiā都dōu有yǒu此cǐ心xīn,獨dú拿ná老lǎo豬zhū出chū醜chǒu。常cháng言yán道dào:『和hé尚shàng是shì色sè中zhōng餓è鬼guǐ。』那nà個gè不bú要yào如rú此cǐ?都dōu這zhè們men扭niǔ扭niǔ捏niē捏niē的de拿ná班bān兒ér,把bǎ好hǎo事shì都dōu弄nòng得de裂liè了le,致zhì如rú今jīn茶chá水shuǐ不bù得de見jiàn面miàn,燈dēng火huǒ也yě無wú人rén管guǎn。雖suī熬áo了le這zhè一yí夜yè,但dàn那nà匹pǐ馬mǎ明míng日rì又yòu要yào馱tuó人rén,又yòu要yào走zǒu路lù,再zài若ruò餓è上shàng這zhè一yí夜yè,只zhǐ好hǎo剝bō皮pí罷bà了le。你nǐ們men坐zuò著zhe,等děng老lǎo豬zhū去qù放fàng放fàng馬mǎ來lái。」沙shā僧sēng道dào:「二èr哥gē原yuán来lái是shì有yǒu嫂sǎo子zi的de?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ还hái不bù知zhī他tā哩li。他tā本běn是shì乌wū斯sī藏zàng高gāo老lǎo儿ér庄zhuāng高gāo太tài公gōng的de女nǚ婿xù,因yīn被bèi老lǎo孙sūn降xiáng了le。他tā也yě曾céng受shòu菩pú萨sà戒jiè行xíng,没méi及jí奈nài何hé,被bèi我wǒ捉zhuō他tā来lái做zuò个gè和hé尚shàng,所suǒ以yǐ弃qì了le前qián妻qī,投tóu师shī父fù往wǎng西xī拜bài佛fó。他tā想xiǎng是shì离lí别bié的de久jiǔ了le,又yòu想xiǎng起qǐ那nà个gè勾gòu当dàng,却què才cái听tīng见jiàn这zhè个gè勾gòu当dàng,断duàn然rán又yòu有yǒu此cǐ心xīn。呆dāi子zi,你nǐ与yǔ这zhè家jiā子zi做zuò了le女nǚ婿xù罢bà,只zhǐ是shì多duō拜bài老lǎo孙sūn几jǐ拜bài,我wǒ不bù检jiǎn举jǔ你nǐ就jiù罢bà了le。」那nà呆dāi子zi道dào:「胡hú说shuō,胡hú说shuō。大dà家jiā都dōu有yǒu此cǐ心xīn,独dú拿ná老lǎo猪zhū出chū丑chǒu。常cháng言yán道dào:『和hé尚shàng是shì色sè中zhōng饿è鬼guǐ。』那nà个gè不bú要yào如rú此cǐ?都dōu这zhè们men扭niǔ扭niǔ捏niē捏niē的de拿ná班bān儿ér,把bǎ好hǎo事shì都dōu弄nòng得de裂liè了le,致zhì如rú今jīn茶chá水shuǐ不bù得de见jiàn面miàn,灯dēng火huǒ也yě无wú人rén管guǎn。虽suī熬áo了le这zhè一yí夜yè,但dàn那nà匹pǐ马mǎ明míng日rì又yòu要yào驮tuó人rén,又yòu要yào走zǒu路lù,再zài若ruò饿è上shàng这zhè一yí夜yè,只zhǐ好hǎo剥bō皮pí罢bà了le。你nǐ们men坐zuò着zhe,等děng老lǎo猪zhū去qù放fàng放fàng马mǎ来lái。」


逐句解 Line by line

沙shā僧sēng道dào:「二èr哥gē原yuán來lái是shì有yǒu嫂sǎo子zi的de?」 沙shā僧sēng道dào:「二èr哥gē原yuán来lái是shì有yǒu嫂sǎo子zi的de?」

Sha Monk said, "So second brother has a sister-in-law after all?"

嫂子, elder brother's wife, takes 子 as the light suffix zi. Sha Monk's startled question is the innocent one that opens the floor.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ還hái不bù知zhī他tā哩li。 行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ还hái不bù知zhī他tā哩li。

Pilgrim said, "You still don't know about him."

你還不知他 — 還 here is the adverb hái, still, as against the verb huán, to return, that ran through the last passage. Wukong has been waiting for this.

他tā本běn是shì烏wū斯sī藏zàng高gāo老lǎo兒ér莊zhuāng高gāo太tài公gōng的de女nǚ婿xù,因yīn被bèi老lǎo孫sūn降xiáng了le。 他tā本běn是shì乌wū斯sī藏zàng高gāo老lǎo儿ér庄zhuāng高gāo太tài公gōng的de女nǚ婿xù,因yīn被bèi老lǎo孙sūn降xiáng了le。

"He was originally the son-in-law of Squire Gao of the Gao Family Village, in Ulterior Tibet, until old Monkey subdued him."

烏斯藏 (Wūsīzàng) is dBus-gTsang, the Ü-Tsang region of central Tibet — Ulterior Tibet in older European usage. Because it is a place-name, 藏 reads zàng and not the verb cáng, to hide. 高老兒莊 is the Gao Family Village of chapters eighteen and nineteen. 降了, subdued him, reads 降 as xiáng, to make submit — not jiàng, to descend, which the same character takes elsewhere in this chapter.

他tā也yě曾céng受shòu菩pú薩sà戒jiè行xíng,沒méi及jí奈nài何hé,被bèi我wǒ捉zhuō他tā來lái做zuò個gè和hé尚shàng,所suǒ以yǐ棄qì了le前qián妻qī,投tóu師shī父fù往wǎng西xī拜bài佛fó。 他tā也yě曾céng受shòu菩pú萨sà戒jiè行xíng,没méi及jí奈nài何hé,被bèi我wǒ捉zhuō他tā来lái做zuò个gè和hé尚shàng,所suǒ以yǐ弃qì了le前qián妻qī,投tóu师shī父fù往wǎng西xī拜bài佛fó。

"He too had once received the Bodhisattva's precepts and discipline; there being no help for it, I seized him and made a monk of him, so that he forsook his former wife and joined the Master to go west and worship the Buddha."

戒行, the discipline of the precepts, reads 行 as xíng. 沒及奈何 is there being nothing to be done about it; 棄了前妻, abandoned his former wife. 拜佛 takes 佛 as fó. Wukong is being scrupulously accurate, which is what makes it so damaging.

他tā想xiǎng是shì離lí別bié的de久jiǔ了le,又yòu想xiǎng起qǐ那nà個gè勾gòu當dàng,卻què才cái聽tīng見jiàn這zhè個gè勾gòu當dàng,斷duàn然rán又yòu有yǒu此cǐ心xīn。 他tā想xiǎng是shì离lí别bié的de久jiǔ了le,又yòu想xiǎng起qǐ那nà个gè勾gòu当dàng,却què才cái听tīng见jiàn这zhè个gè勾gòu当dàng,断duàn然rán又yòu有yǒu此cǐ心xīn。

"He must be that, parted so long, he has thought again of that old business; and hearing of this business just now, he has surely conceived the same intent afresh."

勾當 (gòu dàng) means an affair or a piece of business, and it carries a leer — that business, with 當 as dàng. 那個 and 這個, that one and this one, take 那 as nà. 斷然 is assuredly, beyond doubt. The diagnosis is unkind and entirely correct.

獃dāi子zi,你nǐ與yǔ這zhè家jiā子zi做zuò了le女nǚ婿xù罷bà,只zhǐ是shì多duō拜bài老lǎo孫sūn幾jǐ拜bài,我wǒ不bù檢jiǎn舉jǔ你nǐ就jiù罷bà了le。」 呆dāi子zi,你nǐ与yǔ这zhè家jiā子zi做zuò了le女nǚ婿xù罢bà,只zhǐ是shì多duō拜bài老lǎo孙sūn几jǐ拜bài,我wǒ不bù检jiǎn举jǔ你nǐ就jiù罢bà了le。」

"Blockhead, go be this family's son-in-law then — only make old Monkey a few extra bows, and I won't report you, and there's an end of it."

獃子 and 這家子 both take 子 as the light suffix zi. 檢舉 is to inform on somebody, to report them. Wukong is offering to keep quiet in exchange for a few extra bows — needling dressed up as a favour.

那nà獃dāi子zi道dào:「胡hú說shuō,胡hú說shuō。 那nà呆dāi子zi道dào:「胡hú说shuō,胡hú说shuō。

The blockhead said, "Nonsense, nonsense!"

胡說, talking nonsense, wildly. The protest is loud. What follows it is not a denial.

大dà家jiā都dōu有yǒu此cǐ心xīn,獨dú拿ná老lǎo豬zhū出chū醜chǒu。 大dà家jiā都dōu有yǒu此cǐ心xīn,独dú拿ná老lǎo猪zhū出chū丑chǒu。

"Everyone has the same mind — yet you single out old Pig to make a fool of."

大家都有此心, everybody has the same thought, with 都 as dōu; 出醜, to be made a laughing-stock. Listen to the defence he has chosen: not that he does not want it, but that the others want it too.

常cháng言yán道dào:『和hé尚shàng是shì色sè中zhōng餓è鬼guǐ。』 常cháng言yán道dào:『和hé尚shàng是shì色sè中zhōng饿è鬼guǐ。』

"As the common saying has it: 'A monk is a hungry ghost amid lust.'"

色中餓鬼, a hungry ghost in the midst of lust, reads 中 as zhōng, within. A 餓鬼 is a preta, one of the Buddhist rebirths — a being with an enormous belly and a throat like a needle, forever eating and never fed. It is a savage image to reach for, and Bajie reaches for it to describe every monk alive, himself included.

那nà個gè不bú要yào如rú此cǐ? 那nà个gè不bú要yào如rú此cǐ?

"Which of them doesn't want it so?"

那個, which one, with 那 as nà. The rhetorical question spreads his own appetite over the whole company.

都dōu這zhè們men扭niǔ扭niǔ捏niē捏niē的de拿ná班bān兒ér,把bǎ好hǎo事shì都dōu弄nòng得de裂liè了le,致zhì如rú今jīn茶chá水shuǐ不bù得de見jiàn面miàn,燈dēng火huǒ也yě無wú人rén管guǎn。 都dōu这zhè们men扭niǔ扭niǔ捏niē捏niē的de拿ná班bān儿ér,把bǎ好hǎo事shì都dōu弄nòng得de裂liè了le,致zhì如rú今jīn茶chá水shuǐ不bù得de见jiàn面miàn,灯dēng火huǒ也yě无wú人rén管guǎn。

"You all put on such simpering, coy airs that you've torn the good thing clean apart — so that now not even tea-water is to be seen, and no one tends the lamps."

扭扭捏捏 is bashful and mincing; 拿班兒 is to put on airs, to strike a pose. 弄得裂了, handled it until it split, takes the light de; so does 不得見面, cannot even be met with. 都 is dōu, twice. Their prudery, he complains, has cost everybody supper.

雖suī熬áo了le這zhè一yí夜yè,但dàn那nà匹pǐ馬mǎ明míng日rì又yòu要yào馱tuó人rén,又yòu要yào走zǒu路lù,再zài若ruò餓è上shàng這zhè一yí夜yè,只zhǐ好hǎo剝bō皮pí罷bà了le。 虽suī熬áo了le这zhè一yí夜yè,但dàn那nà匹pǐ马mǎ明míng日rì又yòu要yào驮tuó人rén,又yòu要yào走zǒu路lù,再zài若ruò饿è上shàng这zhè一yí夜yè,只zhǐ好hǎo剥bō皮pí罢bà了le。

"Even if we get through tonight, tomorrow that horse must carry a rider again and travel the road; and if it goes hungry another night, it will be fit only to be skinned."

熬了這一夜, get through this night. 餓上這一夜, go hungry for this night, with 上 as the completing tail; 剝皮, to flay. He has found a reason to go outside, and the reason is the horse's welfare. Nobody believes him.

你nǐ們men坐zuò著zhe,等děng老lǎo豬zhū去qù放fàng放fàng馬mǎ來lái。」 你nǐ们men坐zuò着zhe,等děng老lǎo猪zhū去qù放fàng放fàng马mǎ来lái。」

"You sit here — old Pig will go and graze the horse a while."

坐著 takes the running 著 (zhe). 放放馬, doubling the verb, is the ordinary way Chinese softens an action into just-a-quick-something — go graze the horse a bit. It is the flimsiest possible cover and he walks out under it.


總評 Commentary

Sha Monk's innocent question lets Wukong unfold the whole history: son-in-law of Squire Gao in Ü-Tsang, subdued by Monkey, brought under the precepts, and taken west only by leaving a wife behind. The recap ties this temptation directly back to chapters eighteen and nineteen, and explains why, of the four, it is Bajie whom the offer of a bride so thoroughly unsettles.

Wukong's diagnosis is shrewd and merciless: parted from her this long, Bajie has been brooding on the old business, and the widow's offer has lit it again. The needling that follows — go on, be her son-in-law, just bow to me a few extra times and I will not report you — is Monkey at his most enjoyable, dressing exposure as indulgence and daring his brother to admit what everyone can see.

Cornered, Bajie defends himself with the worst argument available. The proverb he cites, that every monk is a hungry ghost in the midst of lust, does not deny his craving; it universalises it. And his complaint that the others' prudish airs have cost them supper only confirms where his attention has been. His parting excuse about grazing the horse is the thin cover under which he goes looking for the widow — and the trap, built around his appetite, begins to close.