Canonical Classics ← 第二十三回
第二十三回
三sān藏zàng不bú忘wàng本běn
四sì聖shèng試shì禪chán心xīn

Tripitaka Does Not Forget His Origin · The Four Saints Test the Meditative Heart

西行秋景
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

西行秋景 The Westward Road in Autumn

這zhè回huí書shū蓋gài言yán取qǔ經jīng之zhī道dào,不bù離lí了le一yì身shēn務wù本běn之zhī道dào也yě。卻què說shuō他tā師shī徒tú四sì眾zhòng了liǎo悟wù真zhēn如rú,頓dùn開kāi塵chén鎖suǒ,自zì跳tiào出chū性xìng海hǎi流liú沙shā,渾hún無wú罣guà礙ài,徑jìng投tóu大dà路lù西xī來lái。歷lì遍biàn了le青qīng山shān綠lǜ水shuǐ,看kàn不bú盡jìn野yě草cǎo閑xián花huā。真zhēn個gè也yě光guāng陰yīn迅xùn速sù,又yòu值zhí九jiǔ秋qiū,但dàn見jiàn了le些xiē:这zhè回huí书shū盖gài言yán取qǔ经jīng之zhī道dào,不bù离lí了le一yì身shēn务wù本běn之zhī道dào也yě。却què说shuō他tā师shī徒tú四sì众zhòng了liǎo悟wù真zhēn如rú,顿dùn开kāi尘chén锁suǒ,自zì跳tiào出chū性xìng海hǎi流liú沙shā,浑hún无wú罣guà碍ài,径jìng投tóu大dà路lù西xī来lái。历lì遍biàn了le青qīng山shān绿lǜ水shuǐ,看kàn不bú尽jìn野yě草cǎo闲xián花huā。真zhēn个gè也yě光guāng阴yīn迅xùn速sù,又yòu值zhí九jiǔ秋qiū,但dàn见jiàn了le些xiē:

楓fēng葉yè滿mǎn山shān紅hóng,黃huáng花huā耐nài晚wǎn風fēng。枫fēng叶yè满mǎn山shān红hóng,黄huáng花huā耐nài晚wǎn风fēng。
老lǎo蟬chán吟yín漸jiàn懶lǎn,愁chóu蟋xī思sī無wú窮qióng。老lǎo蝉chán吟yín渐jiàn懒lǎn,愁chóu蟋xī思sī无wú穷qióng。
荷hé破pò青qīng紈wán扇shàn,橙chéng香xiāng金jīn彈dàn叢cóng。荷hé破pò青qīng纨wán扇shàn,橙chéng香xiāng金jīn弹dàn丛cóng。
可kě憐lián數shù行háng雁yàn,點diǎn點diǎn遠yuǎn排pái空kōng。可kě怜lián数shù行háng雁yàn,点diǎn点diǎn远yuǎn排pái空kōng。

逐句解 Line by line

這zhè回huí書shū蓋gài言yán取qǔ經jīng之zhī道dào,不bù離lí了le一yì身shēn務wù本běn之zhī道dào也yě。 这zhè回huí书shū盖gài言yán取qǔ经jīng之zhī道dào,不bù离lí了le一yì身shēn务wù本běn之zhī道dào也yě。

This chapter, in sum, tells how the way of fetching the scriptures departs not from the way of tending, within one's own body, to the root.

Before a word of story, the narrator leans in to tell you what the chapter means. 蓋言 is "speaks, broadly, of"; 務本, attending to the root, is lifted from the Analects — 君子務本, the gentleman works at the root — and it points straight at the chapter title, 三藏不忘本, Sanzang does not forget the root. The claim being made is that fetching scriptures and cultivating yourself are not two jobs but one.

卻què說shuō他tā師shī徒tú四sì眾zhòng了liǎo悟wù真zhēn如rú,頓dùn開kāi塵chén鎖suǒ,自zì跳tiào出chū性xìng海hǎi流liú沙shā,渾hún無wú罣guà礙ài,徑jìng投tóu大dà路lù西xī來lái。 却què说shuō他tā师shī徒tú四sì众zhòng了liǎo悟wù真zhēn如rú,顿dùn开kāi尘chén锁suǒ,自zì跳tiào出chū性xìng海hǎi流liú沙shā,浑hún无wú罣guà碍ài,径jìng投tóu大dà路lù西xī来lái。

Now, the master and his three disciples, having fully awakened to Suchness and suddenly loosed the dusty locks, leapt free of the sea of nature and the Flowing-Sands, and — wholly unencumbered — struck straight onto the great road, coming west.

The pilgrims are four now, and the sentence celebrates it in scripture. 真如 is tathātā, Suchness, things exactly as they are. 性海流沙 is a pun: they have just waded out of the 流沙河, the Flowing-Sands River of the previous chapter, and the same words name the 性海, the sea of one's own nature. And 渾無罣礙, wholly unhindered, takes 罣礙 from the Heart Sūtra, which the novel had Tripitaka recite only a few chapters back. Three scriptural terms in one breath: the road west is the road inward.

歷lì遍biàn了le青qīng山shān綠lǜ水shuǐ,看kàn不bú盡jìn野yě草cǎo閑xián花huā。 历lì遍biàn了le青qīng山shān绿lǜ水shuǐ,看kàn不bú尽jìn野yě草cǎo闲xián花huā。

They passed through green hills and jade streams beyond number, gazing on wild grasses and idle blossoms without end.

A balanced pair of prose clauses, green hills against wild flowers. In 看不盡 the 不 shifts to bú, because 盡 is fixed at jìn throughout this project and a falling tone pulls the tone of 不 up in front of it.

真zhēn個gè也yě光guāng陰yīn迅xùn速sù,又yòu值zhí九jiǔ秋qiū,但dàn見jiàn了le些xiē: 真zhēn个gè也yě光guāng阴yīn迅xùn速sù,又yòu值zhí九jiǔ秋qiū,但dàn见jiàn了le些xiē:

Truly, time sped swiftly on; once more it was deep autumn — and they beheld this scene:

九秋 is literally the nine ten-day stretches of autumn, so the whole season — here its late, frost-bitten end. Then 但見了些, and they saw only this: the standard cue that a set-piece description is coming. Whenever you meet that phrase, expect the prose to stop and the scenery to be sung.

楓fēng葉yè滿mǎn山shān紅hóng,黃huáng花huā耐nài晚wǎn風fēng。 枫fēng叶yè满mǎn山shān红hóng,黄huáng花huā耐nài晚wǎn风fēng。

Maple leaves fill the hills with red; the yellow chrysanthemum braves the evening wind.

The autumn poem opens in five-character lines. 黃花, the yellow flower, is by long convention the chrysanthemum — the badge of autumn, and of the hermit who keeps flowering after the cold arrives.

老lǎo蟬chán吟yín漸jiàn懶lǎn,愁chóu蟋xī思sī無wú窮qióng。 老lǎo蝉chán吟yín渐jiàn懒lǎn,愁chóu蟋xī思sī无wú穷qióng。

The aged cicada's drone grows languid; the grieving cricket's brooding knows no end.

Two failing voices, matched line for line: the cicada whose summer song is running down, and the cricket — 蟋 (xī), short for 蟋蟀 — whose chirping Chinese poetry has always heard as 愁, the sorrow of a dying year.

荷hé破pò青qīng紈wán扇shàn,橙chéng香xiāng金jīn彈dàn叢cóng。 荷hé破pò青qīng纨wán扇shàn,橙chéng香xiāng金jīn弹dàn丛cóng。

The lotus, tattered, is a fan of green silk torn; the oranges, fragrant, a cluster of golden pellets.

Decline and ripeness, held in one pair of scales. The lotus leaf, gone to rags, becomes a torn 青紈扇, a fan of fine blue-white silk; the 橙, oranges coming ripe, become 金彈, golden shot-pellets. 彈 is dàn here, a pellet you fire, not tán, to pluck a string.

可kě憐lián數shù行háng雁yàn,點diǎn點diǎn遠yuǎn排pái空kōng。 可kě怜lián数shù行háng雁yàn,点diǎn点diǎn远yuǎn排pái空kōng。

How touching — the wild geese in their several rows, dot upon dot, ranging far across the empty sky.

可憐 looks like pity and is not: in verse it means how moving, how affecting. The measure word in 數行雁 is read háng — a row, a file, a skein of geese in formation — and not the verbal xíng. Migrating geese are the oldest figure in Chinese poetry for the traveller far from home, and they close the tableau on exactly that note.


總評 Commentary

With the doctrine stated, the story starts moving, and even the travel paragraph is loaded with scripture: Suchness, the Heart Sūtra's hindrance, and a pun that makes the Flowing-Sands River and the sea of one's own nature the same crossing. Before anything happens, the chapter insists that the walking is the practice.

Then the autumn poem, a scene-painting set-piece of the sort the novel uses to mark time and set a mood. Four five-character couplets work through the season's stock furniture: reddening maples, chrysanthemums that outlast the cold, the winding-down cicada and the mournful cricket, a lotus gone to rags and oranges coming ripe, and last the geese heading south. The craft is in the matching — colour against colour, sound against sound, one thing rotting while another ripens.

The geese do double duty. They land the passage on the melancholy of the turning year, and their long southward line quietly measures the pilgrims' own road ahead. Note the reading háng for their rows: it is one of only two places in this whole chapter where 行 is read that way, the other being the two rows of gold hairpins the widow will brush aside as beneath her.