Canonical Classics ← 第七十三回
第七十三回
qíngyīnjiùhènshēngzāi
xīnzhǔzāoxìngguāng

Passion from an Old Grudge Breeds a Venomous Calamity · The Mind-Lord Meets a Demon and Is Saved by the Breaking Light

三清聖像
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

三清聖像 The Three Pure Ones

tuīkāiménjiànyǒusānqīngshèngxiànggòngzhuōyǒuyǒuxiāngniānxiāngzhùbàisānfāngdàoshìxíngsuìzhìwèizhōngtóngmenzuòxiàtuīkāiménjiànyǒusānqīngshèngxiànggòngzhuōyǒuyǒuxiāngniānxiāngzhùbàisānfāngdàoshìxíngsuìzhìwèizhōngtóngmenzuòxià


逐句解 Line by line

tuīkāiménjiànyǒusānqīngshèngxiànggòngzhuōyǒuyǒuxiāng tuīkāiménjiànyǒusānqīngshèngxiànggòngzhuōyǒuyǒuxiāng

They pushed the door open and saw the holy images of the Three Pure Ones, and on the altar table a censer and incense.

The 三清 are the highest gods of the Daoist pantheon — the Jade Pure, the Highest Pure and the Grand Pure — and three statues of them are what you would expect in the main hall of any working abbey, in the way a cross over the altar is what you expect in a church. 供桌 takes as gòng, the offering sense: an altar table, not a supply table. And the door was shut a moment ago. It is open now because guests have arrived.

niānxiāngzhùbàisānfāngdàoshìxíng niānxiāngzhùbàisānfāngdàoshìxíng

At once he took up incense, set it in the censer, made three circuits of obeisance, and only then exchanged bows with the Daoist.

is to pick up between finger and thumb — the exact gesture for lifting a stick of incense. 三匝 is three circuits: he walks round, not merely bows three times. The word that carries the whole sentence is , only then — gods first, host second, and in that order. For a Buddhist monk to make full obeisance to the Daoist trinity is a generous piece of manners, and entirely in character.

suìzhìwèizhōngtóngmenzuòxià suìzhìwèizhōngtóngmenzuòxià

Then he went through to the guest seats and sat down with his disciples.

客位 is the guest place — a distinct part of a Chinese hall, not just a chair. Where you are seated says what you are, and the four of them are being seated as guests. That matters, because a guest cannot refuse what he is offered without insulting his host, and the offering is about to start.


總評 Commentary

This is the most likeable thing Tripitaka does in the chapter, and it is the thing that finishes him. Shown into a rival religion's sanctuary, he goes straight to the altar, offers incense to gods that are not his, and circles three times before he so much as bows to the man standing next to him. Eight Rules had said outside that the robes differ and the practice is one. His master has just acted on it.

It is worth knowing how unusual that generosity is in period. Buddhists and Daoists had spent a thousand years arguing — over court patronage, over which founder had taught the other, over who got taxed. Anyone in a Ming audience would have felt the courtesy of that incense. It is also, in the plot's terms, the moment the pilgrims stop being travellers at a gate and become guests under an obligation.

The staging is doing the argument. Shut door, then open door; gods, then host; standing, then seated. Each step takes them further in and makes it harder to leave, and every one of them is initiated by Tripitaka himself out of pure good manners. Nobody has yet done anything to him at all.