披枷戴鎖 Monks In Cangues And Fetters
正行時，忽見有十數個和尚，一個個披枷戴鎖，沿門乞化，著實的藍縷不堪。三藏嘆曰：「兔死狐悲，物傷其類。」叫：「悟空，你上前去問他一聲，為何這等遭罪？」正行时，忽见有十数个和尚，一个个披枷戴锁，沿门乞化，着实的蓝缕不堪。三藏叹曰：「兔死狐悲，物伤其类。」叫：「悟空，你上前去问他一声，为何这等遭罪？」
逐句解 Line by line
As they were going along they suddenly saw ten or more monks, every one of them in a cangue and chained, begging from door to door, and truly ragged past bearing.
枷 is the heavy wooden collar locked round the neck — a public humiliation as much as a restraint, nearer the stocks than a pair of handcuffs. 著實 zhuó shí means truly, thoroughly, and it is a use of 著 outside the four senses this project has so far had to tell apart. 沿門乞化 is begging along from door to door, which monks may properly do. It is the collars that make the picture wrong.
Tripitaka sighed and said, "When the hare dies the fox grieves; a creature is wounded by what befalls its kind."
兔死狐悲 — when the hare dies the fox grieves — is a stock Ming saying and not anything of Tripitaka's own; the 《金瓶梅》 uses it twice. He reaches for it again later in the novel, at 第八十一回, again about monks, and again in a temple where monks have come to harm.
He called out, "Wukong, go up and ask them why they should suffer so."
為何 wèi hé takes the wèi that means for the sake of — for what cause. 這等 is to this degree, and it carries the weight of the question: not why are they punished, but why so heavily.
The reversal is placed exactly where it will do most damage. Three clauses of prosperity, then 忽見 — suddenly they saw — and a line of monks in cangues begging in the street of a capital that has just been praised for its wealth and its splendid people.
Tripitaka's response is the proverb, and it is worth noticing what the proverb does and does not say. It is about fellow-feeling within a kind: he is a monk, these are monks, and that is the whole of his reasoning. He does not ask whether they deserve it. The instruction he gives is to find out why, and the asking is handed to somebody else, as the looking was.
The detail that ought to unsettle a reader is that they are begging. Monks beg; that is proper, and a begging bowl is no disgrace. What is improper is a collar round the neck of a man doing it, which turns an ordinary religious act into a public exhibition of shame.