Canonical Classics ← 第二十七回
第二十七回
屍shī魔mó三sān戲xì唐táng三sān藏zàng
聖shèng僧sēng恨hèn逐zhú美měi猴hóu王wáng

The Corpse-Fiend Thrice Mocks Tang Tripitaka · The Holy Monk in Wrath Banishes the Handsome Monkey King

善惡之報
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

善惡之報 Good and Evil

行xíng者zhě禁jìn不bù得de疼téng痛tòng,跪guì於yú路lù傍páng,只zhǐ叫jiào:「莫mò念niàn,莫mò念niàn,有yǒu話huà快kuài說shuō了le罷bà。」唐táng僧sēng道dào:「猴hóu頭tóu,還hái有yǒu甚shén說shuō話huà?出chū家jiā人rén行xíng善shàn,如rú春chūn園yuán之zhī草cǎo,不bú見jiàn其qí長zhǎng,日rì有yǒu所suǒ增zēng;行xíng惡è之zhī人rén,如rú磨mó刀dāo之zhī石shí,不bú見jiàn其qí損sǔn,日rì有yǒu所suǒ虧kuī。你nǐ在zài這zhè荒huāng郊jiāo野yě外wài,一yì連lián打dǎ死sǐ三sān人rén,還hái是shì無wú人rén檢jiǎn舉jǔ,沒méi有yǒu對duì頭tóu;倘tǎng到dào城chéng市shì之zhī中zhōng,人rén煙yān湊còu集jí之zhī所suǒ,你nǐ拿ná了le那nà哭kū喪sāng棒bàng,一yì時shí不bù知zhī好hǎo歹dǎi,亂luàn打dǎ起qǐ人rén來lái,撞zhuàng出chū大dà禍huò,教jiào我wǒ怎zěn的de脫tuō身shēn?你nǐ回huí去qù罷bà。」行xíng者zhě禁jìn不bù得de疼téng痛tòng,跪guì于yú路lù傍páng,只zhǐ叫jiào:「莫mò念niàn,莫mò念niàn,有yǒu话huà快kuài说shuō了le罢bà。」唐táng僧sēng道dào:「猴hóu头tóu,还hái有yǒu甚shén说shuō话huà?出chū家jiā人rén行xíng善shàn,如rú春chūn园yuán之zhī草cǎo,不bú见jiàn其qí长zhǎng,日rì有yǒu所suǒ增zēng;行xíng恶è之zhī人rén,如rú磨mó刀dāo之zhī石shí,不bú见jiàn其qí损sǔn,日rì有yǒu所suǒ亏kuī。你nǐ在zài这zhè荒huāng郊jiāo野yě外wài,一yì连lián打dǎ死sǐ三sān人rén,还hái是shì无wú人rén检jiǎn举jǔ,没méi有yǒu对duì头tóu;倘tǎng到dào城chéng市shì之zhī中zhōng,人rén烟yān凑còu集jí之zhī所suǒ,你nǐ拿ná了le那nà哭kū丧sāng棒bàng,一yì时shí不bù知zhī好hǎo歹dǎi,乱luàn打dǎ起qǐ人rén来lái,撞zhuàng出chū大dà祸huò,教jiào我wǒ怎zěn的de脱tuō身shēn?你nǐ回huí去qù罢bà。」


逐句解 Line by line

行xíng者zhě禁jìn不bù得de疼téng痛tòng,跪guì於yú路lù傍páng,只zhǐ叫jiào:「莫mò念niàn,莫mò念niàn,有yǒu話huà快kuài說shuō了le罷bà。」 行xíng者zhě禁jìn不bù得de疼téng痛tòng,跪guì于yú路lù傍páng,只zhǐ叫jiào:「莫mò念niàn,莫mò念niàn,有yǒu话huà快kuài说shuō了le罢bà。」

Pilgrim, unable to bear the pain, knelt in the road and only cried: "Stop, stop! If you have something to say, say it quick, and be done."

On his knees again. The scene from the first recitation is playing a second time in almost the same words — stop, stop, say what you have to say — which is how this chapter shows a groove wearing deeper. (禁不得 takes the toneless de.)

唐táng僧sēng道dào:「猴hóu頭tóu,還hái有yǒu甚shén說shuō話huà? 唐táng僧sēng道dào:「猴hóu头tóu,还hái有yǒu甚shén说shuō话huà?

The Tang Monk said, "Monkey-head, what more have you to say?

猴頭, monkey-head, again. And the question is not an invitation: what follows is a lecture, not a hearing. (還 is hái; 甚 is shén.)

出chū家jiā人rén行xíng善shàn,如rú春chūn園yuán之zhī草cǎo,不bú見jiàn其qí長zhǎng,日rì有yǒu所suǒ增zēng; 出chū家jiā人rén行xíng善shàn,如rú春chūn园yuán之zhī草cǎo,不bú见jiàn其qí长zhǎng,日rì有yǒu所suǒ增zēng;

"A monk who does good is like the grass of a spring garden: you do not see it grow, yet day by day it increases.

This is the most quoted thing in the chapter, and it deserves to be. Doing good is like grass in a spring garden — you never catch it growing, and every day there is more of it. Note the reading: 長 here is zhǎng, "to grow", not cháng, "long".

行xíng惡è之zhī人rén,如rú磨mó刀dāo之zhī石shí,不bú見jiàn其qí損sǔn,日rì有yǒu所suǒ虧kuī。 行xíng恶è之zhī人rén,如rú磨mó刀dāo之zhī石shí,不bú见jiàn其qí损sǔn,日rì有yǒu所suǒ亏kuī。

"A person who does evil is like a whetstone for a knife: you do not see it wear, yet day by day it wastes away."

And the answering half, which is better still: doing evil is like the stone you sharpen knives on. You never catch it wearing away, and every day there is less of it. Two images, both about changes too slow to watch. It is genuinely fine moral teaching — and it is being delivered to a man kneeling in the road with a metal band tightening on his skull, for the offence of having saved the speaker's life.

你nǐ在zài這zhè荒huāng郊jiāo野yě外wài,一yì連lián打dǎ死sǐ三sān人rén,還hái是shì無wú人rén檢jiǎn舉jǔ,沒méi有yǒu對duì頭tóu; 你nǐ在zài这zhè荒huāng郊jiāo野yě外wài,一yì连lián打dǎ死sǐ三sān人rén,还hái是shì无wú人rén检jiǎn举jǔ,没méi有yǒu对duì头tóu;

"Out here in this wild waste, you've beaten three people to death in a row, and still there's no one to report it, no plaintiff against you;

And here the argument changes character completely. 檢舉 is to lay information against somebody, to report them to the authorities; 對頭 is the opposing party in a lawsuit. The elder has stopped talking about virtue and started talking about whether they will be caught. (還 is hái.)

倘tǎng到dào城chéng市shì之zhī中zhōng,人rén煙yān湊còu集jí之zhī所suǒ,你nǐ拿ná了le那nà哭kū喪sāng棒bàng,一yì時shí不bù知zhī好hǎo歹dǎi,亂luàn打dǎ起qǐ人rén來lái,撞zhuàng出chū大dà禍huò,教jiào我wǒ怎zěn的de脫tuō身shēn? 倘tǎng到dào城chéng市shì之zhī中zhōng,人rén烟yān凑còu集jí之zhī所suǒ,你nǐ拿ná了le那nà哭kū丧sāng棒bàng,一yì时shí不bù知zhī好hǎo歹dǎi,乱luàn打dǎ起qǐ人rén来lái,撞zhuàng出chū大dà祸huò,教jiào我wǒ怎zěn的de脱tuō身shēn?

"but should we come to a city, a place thick with people and hearth-smoke, and you take up that mourner's-club of yours and, in a fit of not knowing good from ill, fall to beating people at random and stir up some great calamity — how am I to get myself clear?

哭喪棒 — the mourner's staff, the stick a chief mourner leans on at a funeral — is a wonderfully nasty name for the cudgel, and the elder has clearly been saving it. Then the real fear: in a town, with people about, this creature might start swinging, and I should never get clear of it. 教我怎的脫身 — how am I to get myself out? Not how would I bear the guilt. How would I get away. (那 points, nà; 中 is zhōng; 教 is jiào.)

你nǐ回huí去qù罷bà。」 你nǐ回huí去qù罢bà。」

"Go back where you came from."

你回去罷 is word for word the first dismissal. The second was the same phrase a syllable shorter, 你去罷. He will use the full form once more before the chapter ends. The groove is now deep enough that he does not have to think about it.


總評 Commentary

Tripitaka's response to the exposed demon is not gratitude but a lecture, and the lecture is the most quoted passage in the chapter: goodness is like spring grass, growing unseen but always increasing; evil is like a whetstone, wearing unseen but always wasting. It is real Buddhist moral teaching, beautifully phrased — and, aimed at the disciple who has just destroyed a fiend to save him, catastrophically misapplied.

Beneath the homily runs something a good deal more worldly. The elder frets that out here the killings go unreported, but that in a crowded city the cudgel might bring calamity down on them all — and the question he asks is how he would get clear, not how he would live with it. It is a strikingly self-protective note, and it shows the dismissal is driven quite as much by his own dread as by any principle.

The third dismissal repeats the first word for word, the second having been the same phrase shorn of a syllable. The repetition is the point: the pattern has hardened past the reach of plea or evidence. Where the earlier kneeling appeals reversed it, this one comes after the truth has been shown and refused, so it will not be undone. It runs on instead to the written dismissal and the parting.