Canonical Classics ← 第十八回
第十八回
guānyīnyuàntángsēngtuōnàn
gāolǎozhuāngshèngchú

At the Guanyin Temple the Tang Monk Escapes His Ordeal · At the Gao Village the Great Sage Removes the Monster

招贅女婿
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

招贅女婿 The Son-in-Law Taken In

gāolǎodào:「menzhèzhuāngshàngzhìjīnxiǎoyǒushénmeguǐsuìwǎngliǎngxiézuòhàozhǐshìlǎozhuōxìngcéngyǒuzhǐshēngsānérdehuànmíngxiānglánèrdemínglánsāndemíngcuìlánliǎngcóngxiǎoerpèiběnzhuāngrénjiāzhǐyǒuxiǎodeyàozhāo婿zhǐwàngtóngjiāguòhuózuòyǎnglǎo婿chēngménzuòhuódāngchāisānniánqiányǒuhànziyàngerdàojīngzhìshuōshìlíngshānshàngrénjiāxìngzhūshàngxiàxiōngyuànrénjiāzuò婿lǎozhuōjiànshìzhèbāngēnbànderénjiùzhāolejìnménshídàoqínjǐngēngtiányòngniúshōutiányòngdāozhànghūnmíngláishíhǎozhǐshìjiànyǒuxiēhuìbiànzuǐliǎn。」gāolǎodào:「menzhèzhuāngshàngzhìjīnxiǎoyǒushénmeguǐsuìwǎngliǎngxiézuòhàozhǐshìlǎozhuōxìngcéngyǒuzhǐshēngsānérdehuànmíngxiānglánèrdemínglánsāndemíngcuìlánliǎngcóngxiǎoerpèiběnzhuāngrénjiāzhǐyǒuxiǎodeyàozhāo婿zhǐwàngtóngjiāguòhuózuòyǎnglǎo婿chēngménzuòhuódāngchāisānniánqiányǒuhànziyàngerdàojīngzhìshuōshìlíngshānshàngrénjiāxìngzhūshàngxiàxiōngyuànrénjiāzuò婿lǎozhuōjiànshìzhèbāngēnbànderénjiùzhāolejìnménshídàoqínjǐngēngtiányòngniúshōutiányòngdāozhànghūnmíngláishíhǎozhǐshìjiànyǒuxiēhuìbiànzuǐliǎn。」


逐句解 Line by line

gāolǎodào:「menzhèzhuāngshàngzhìjīnxiǎoyǒushénmeguǐsuìwǎngliǎngxiézuòhào gāolǎodào:「menzhèzhuāngshàngzhìjīnxiǎoyǒushénmeguǐsuìwǎngliǎngxiézuòhào

Old Gao said, "In this village of ours, from ancient times until now, we have never known of any spectre or goblin, any fiend to work us mischief.

鬼祟魍魎 stacks up the whole vocabulary of haunting. is suì, a visitation from a spirit; the character survives in the modern word for creeping about furtively. 魍魎 are the sprites of wood and water, named as far back as the 左傳. 作耗 is to make trouble, with as hào. 不曉得 takes as the unstressed de.

zhǐshìlǎozhuōxìngcéngyǒuzhǐshēngsānér zhǐshìlǎozhuōxìngcéngyǒuzhǐshēngsānér

It is only that I, an old fool, have had the misfortune to father no son. I got but three daughters:

老拙 is this old clumsy one, the humble way a man of years refers to himself. In 不曾有子 the is the full , a son, not the unstressed suffix. The whole disaster follows from that single word.

dehuànmíngxiānglánèrdemínglánsāndemíngcuìlánliǎngcóngxiǎoerpèiběnzhuāngrénjiā dehuànmíngxiānglánèrdemínglánsāndemíngcuìlánliǎngcóngxiǎoerpèiběnzhuāngrénjiā

the eldest was named Fragrant Orchid, the second Jade Orchid, the third Kingfisher Orchid. The first two were married young to families of this village.

All three names are orchids: 香蘭 Fragrant, 玉蘭 Jade, 翠蘭 Kingfisher. 從小兒, from childhood, keeps its as er. Only the youngest was kept at home, and only because there was no son.

zhǐyǒuxiǎodeyàozhāo婿zhǐwàngtóngjiāguòhuó zhǐyǒuxiǎodeyàozhāo婿zhǐwàngtóngjiāguòhuó

For the youngest I wished to take in a husband, hoping he might live in the house with me,

a 女婿 is to take a husband into the wife's household rather than send the daughter out — the 贅婿 arrangement, and always the sign of a house with no male heir. It carried a faint stigma for the man, which is why it was generally the poor and the rootless who agreed to it. 指望 is to look for, to count upon.

zuòyǎnglǎo婿chēngménzuòhuódāngchāi zuòyǎnglǎo婿chēngménzuòhuódāngchāi

and be a son-in-law to keep me in my age, to hold up the door and the household, to do the work and answer the levies.

撐門抵戶 is to prop up the gate and hold the door: to keep the household's standing in the world. 做活當差 pairs the farm work with the state's labour levy — is dāng and is chāi, the conscripted service every household owed. The squire is describing a job, not a marriage.

sānniánqiányǒuhànziyàngerdàojīngzhì sānniánqiányǒuhànziyàngerdàojīngzhì

Three years ago, unlooked for, there came a fellow whose looks were passable enough.

不期 is unlooked for. 模樣 takes as , the reading this site holds to, and its as er. 精緻 of a man's looks means trim, neatly made. Remember the word: it is the last flattering thing anyone says about this creature's face.

shuōshìlíngshānshàngrénjiāxìngzhūshàngxiàxiōngyuànrénjiāzuò婿 shuōshìlíngshānshàngrénjiāxìngzhūshàngxiàxiōngyuànrénjiāzuò婿

He said he was of a family on Fuling Mountain, that his surname was Zhu, that he had neither father nor mother above him nor brothers below, and that he was willing to be taken in as a husband.

福陵山, Fuling Mountain; and the surname , Zhu — which means Pig. The old man reports both without a flicker, and the reader is invited to notice what he did not.

lǎozhuōjiànshìzhèbāngēnbànderénjiùzhāole lǎozhuōjiànshìzhèbāngēnbànderénjiùzhāole

Seeing a man so wholly without root or tie, I, old fool, took him in.

無根無絆 is without root and without tether. What recommended the stranger was precisely that no family would ever come asking after him — and that same fact is why the household now has nobody to complain to.

jìnménshídàoqínjǐngēngtiányòngniúshōutiányòngdāozhàng jìnménshídàoqínjǐngēngtiányòngniúshōutiányòngdāozhàng

From the day he entered the door he was diligent enough: he ploughed and harrowed without ox or gear; he reaped the grain without sickle or staff;

耙地 is to harrow; 牛具 is the ox and its tackle. The parallel is exact: he needs neither beast nor blade. Squire Gao is describing strength beyond anything human, and the word he reaches for is 勤謹, diligent.

hūnmíngláishíhǎozhǐshìjiànyǒuxiēhuìbiànzuǐliǎn。」 hūnmíngláishíhǎozhǐshìjiànyǒuxiēhuìbiànzuǐliǎn。」

at dusk he went and at dawn he came, and truly it went well. There was but one thing: he had a way of changing his face."

昏去明來, out at dusk and home at dawn, is offered as a virtue and is in fact the first clear warning. 變嘴臉 is literally to change mouth and face. The soft word is the old man's own, and it is doing a great deal of work.


總評 Commentary

Squire Gao's testimony is a small masterpiece of accidental self-incrimination. He wanted a son-in-law who would live in, work the land, hold up the house and answer the labour levy — a farmhand, in short, secured by marriage instead of wages. What recommended the stranger was 上無父母下無兄弟: no parents above him, no brothers below, therefore no kin to bargain on his behalf and nobody to take him back. The old man calls this 無根無絆 and counts it a point in the man's favour.

What he got was more than he bargained for in every sense. The fiend ploughs without an ox and reaps without a sickle, and Gao's word for this is 勤謹, diligent. He goes out at dusk and comes back at dawn, and Gao remarks only that things went well. The reader has now been told, in the flattest language available, that a supernatural being has been doing the farm work for three years and that nobody in the household thought to ask why. The one objection, when it finally comes, is cosmetic: 有些會變嘴臉, he has a way of changing his face.