Canonical Classics ← 第十八回
第十八回
觀guān音yīn院yuàn唐táng僧sēng脫tuō難nàn
高gāo老lǎo莊zhuāng大dà聖shèng除chú魔mó

At the Guanyin Temple the Tang Monk Escapes His Ordeal · At the Gao Village the Great Sage Removes the Monster

招贅女婿
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

招贅女婿 The Son-in-Law Taken In

高gāo老lǎo道dào:「我wǒ們men這zhè莊zhuāng上shàng,自zì古gǔ至zhì今jīn,也yě不bù曉xiǎo得dé有yǒu甚shén麼me鬼guǐ祟suì魍wǎng魎liǎng,邪xié魔mó作zuò耗hào。只zhǐ是shì老lǎo拙zhuō不bú幸xìng,不bù曾céng有yǒu子zǐ,止zhǐ生shēng三sān個gè女nǚ兒ér:大dà的de喚huàn名míng香xiāng蘭lán,第dì二èr的de名míng玉yù蘭lán,第dì三sān的de名míng翠cuì蘭lán。那nà兩liǎng個gè從cóng小xiǎo兒er配pèi與yǔ本běn莊zhuāng人rén家jiā。止zhǐ有yǒu小xiǎo的de個gè要yào招zhāo個gè女nǚ婿xù,指zhǐ望wàng他tā與yǔ我wǒ同tóng家jiā過guò活huó,做zuò個gè養yǎng老lǎo女nǚ婿xù,撐chēng門mén抵dǐ戶hù,做zuò活huó當dāng差chāi。不bù期qī三sān年nián前qián,有yǒu一yí個gè漢hàn子zi,模mú樣yàng兒er倒dào也yě精jīng緻zhì。他tā說shuō是shì福fú陵líng山shān上shàng人rén家jiā,姓xìng豬zhū,上shàng無wú父fù母mǔ,下xià無wú兄xiōng弟dì,願yuàn與yǔ人rén家jiā做zuò個gè女nǚ婿xù。我wǒ老lǎo拙zhuō見jiàn是shì這zhè般bān一yí個gè無wú根gēn無wú絆bàn的de人rén,就jiù招zhāo了le他tā。一yí進jìn門mén時shí,倒dào也yě勤qín謹jǐn:耕gēng田tián耙bà地dì,不bú用yòng牛niú具jù;收shōu割gē田tián禾hé,不bú用yòng刀dāo杖zhàng;昏hūn去qù明míng來lái,其qí實shí也yě好hǎo。只zhǐ是shì一yí件jiàn,有yǒu些xiē會huì變biàn嘴zuǐ臉liǎn。」高gāo老lǎo道dào:「我wǒ们men这zhè庄zhuāng上shàng,自zì古gǔ至zhì今jīn,也yě不bù晓xiǎo得dé有yǒu甚shén么me鬼guǐ祟suì魍wǎng魉liǎng,邪xié魔mó作zuò耗hào。只zhǐ是shì老lǎo拙zhuō不bú幸xìng,不bù曾céng有yǒu子zǐ,止zhǐ生shēng三sān个gè女nǚ儿ér:大dà的de唤huàn名míng香xiāng兰lán,第dì二èr的de名míng玉yù兰lán,第dì三sān的de名míng翠cuì兰lán。那nà两liǎng个gè从cóng小xiǎo儿er配pèi与yǔ本běn庄zhuāng人rén家jiā。止zhǐ有yǒu小xiǎo的de个gè要yào招zhāo个gè女nǚ婿xù,指zhǐ望wàng他tā与yǔ我wǒ同tóng家jiā过guò活huó,做zuò个gè养yǎng老lǎo女nǚ婿xù,撑chēng门mén抵dǐ户hù,做zuò活huó当dāng差chāi。不bù期qī三sān年nián前qián,有yǒu一yí个gè汉hàn子zi,模mú样yàng儿er倒dào也yě精jīng致zhì。他tā说shuō是shì福fú陵líng山shān上shàng人rén家jiā,姓xìng猪zhū,上shàng无wú父fù母mǔ,下xià无wú兄xiōng弟dì,愿yuàn与yǔ人rén家jiā做zuò个gè女nǚ婿xù。我wǒ老lǎo拙zhuō见jiàn是shì这zhè般bān一yí个gè无wú根gēn无wú绊bàn的de人rén,就jiù招zhāo了le他tā。一yí进jìn门mén时shí,倒dào也yě勤qín谨jǐn:耕gēng田tián耙bà地dì,不bú用yòng牛niú具jù;收shōu割gē田tián禾hé,不bú用yòng刀dāo杖zhàng;昏hūn去qù明míng来lái,其qí实shí也yě好hǎo。只zhǐ是shì一yí件jiàn,有yǒu些xiē会huì变biàn嘴zuǐ脸liǎn。」


逐句解 Line by line

高gāo老lǎo道dào:「我wǒ們men這zhè莊zhuāng上shàng,自zì古gǔ至zhì今jīn,也yě不bù曉xiǎo得dé有yǒu甚shén麼me鬼guǐ祟suì魍wǎng魎liǎng,邪xié魔mó作zuò耗hào。 高gāo老lǎo道dào:「我wǒ们men这zhè庄zhuāng上shàng,自zì古gǔ至zhì今jīn,也yě不bù晓xiǎo得dé有yǒu甚shén么me鬼guǐ祟suì魍wǎng魉liǎng,邪xié魔mó作zuò耗hào。

Old Gao said, "In this village of ours, from ancient times until now, we have never known of any spectre or goblin, any fiend to work us mischief.

鬼祟魍魎 stacks up the whole vocabulary of haunting. 祟 is suì, a visitation from a spirit; the character survives in the modern word for creeping about furtively. 魍魎 are the sprites of wood and water, named as far back as the 左傳. 作耗 is to make trouble, with 耗 as hào. 不曉得 takes 得 as the unstressed de.

只zhǐ是shì老lǎo拙zhuō不bú幸xìng,不bù曾céng有yǒu子zǐ,止zhǐ生shēng三sān個gè女nǚ兒ér: 只zhǐ是shì老lǎo拙zhuō不bú幸xìng,不bù曾céng有yǒu子zǐ,止zhǐ生shēng三sān个gè女nǚ儿ér:

It is only that I, an old fool, have had the misfortune to father no son. I got but three daughters:

老拙 is this old clumsy one, the humble way a man of years refers to himself. In 不曾有子 the 子 is the full zǐ, a son, not the unstressed suffix. The whole disaster follows from that single word.

大dà的de喚huàn名míng香xiāng蘭lán,第dì二èr的de名míng玉yù蘭lán,第dì三sān的de名míng翠cuì蘭lán。那nà兩liǎng個gè從cóng小xiǎo兒er配pèi與yǔ本běn莊zhuāng人rén家jiā。 大dà的de唤huàn名míng香xiāng兰lán,第dì二èr的de名míng玉yù兰lán,第dì三sān的de名míng翠cuì兰lán。那nà两liǎng个gè从cóng小xiǎo儿er配pèi与yǔ本běn庄zhuāng人rén家jiā。

the eldest was named Fragrant Orchid, the second Jade Orchid, the third Kingfisher Orchid. The first two were married young to families of this village.

All three names are orchids: 香蘭 Fragrant, 玉蘭 Jade, 翠蘭 Kingfisher. 從小兒, from childhood, keeps its 兒 as er. Only the youngest was kept at home, and only because there was no son.

止zhǐ有yǒu小xiǎo的de個gè要yào招zhāo個gè女nǚ婿xù,指zhǐ望wàng他tā與yǔ我wǒ同tóng家jiā過guò活huó, 止zhǐ有yǒu小xiǎo的de个gè要yào招zhāo个gè女nǚ婿xù,指zhǐ望wàng他tā与yǔ我wǒ同tóng家jiā过guò活huó,

For the youngest I wished to take in a husband, hoping he might live in the house with me,

招 a 女婿 is to take a husband into the wife's household rather than send the daughter out — the 贅婿 arrangement, and always the sign of a house with no male heir. It carried a faint stigma for the man, which is why it was generally the poor and the rootless who agreed to it. 指望 is to look for, to count upon.

做zuò個gè養yǎng老lǎo女nǚ婿xù,撐chēng門mén抵dǐ戶hù,做zuò活huó當dāng差chāi。 做zuò个gè养yǎng老lǎo女nǚ婿xù,撑chēng门mén抵dǐ户hù,做zuò活huó当dāng差chāi。

and be a son-in-law to keep me in my age, to hold up the door and the household, to do the work and answer the levies.

撐門抵戶 is to prop up the gate and hold the door: to keep the household's standing in the world. 做活當差 pairs the farm work with the state's labour levy — 當 is dāng and 差 is chāi, the conscripted service every household owed. The squire is describing a job, not a marriage.

不bù期qī三sān年nián前qián,有yǒu一yí個gè漢hàn子zi,模mú樣yàng兒er倒dào也yě精jīng緻zhì。 不bù期qī三sān年nián前qián,有yǒu一yí个gè汉hàn子zi,模mú样yàng儿er倒dào也yě精jīng致zhì。

Three years ago, unlooked for, there came a fellow whose looks were passable enough.

不期 is unlooked for. 模樣 takes 模 as mú, the reading this site holds to, and its 兒 as er. 精緻 of a man's looks means trim, neatly made. Remember the word: it is the last flattering thing anyone says about this creature's face.

他tā說shuō是shì福fú陵líng山shān上shàng人rén家jiā,姓xìng豬zhū,上shàng無wú父fù母mǔ,下xià無wú兄xiōng弟dì,願yuàn與yǔ人rén家jiā做zuò個gè女nǚ婿xù。 他tā说shuō是shì福fú陵líng山shān上shàng人rén家jiā,姓xìng猪zhū,上shàng无wú父fù母mǔ,下xià无wú兄xiōng弟dì,愿yuàn与yǔ人rén家jiā做zuò个gè女nǚ婿xù。

He said he was of a family on Fuling Mountain, that his surname was Zhu, that he had neither father nor mother above him nor brothers below, and that he was willing to be taken in as a husband.

福陵山, Fuling Mountain; and the surname 豬, Zhu — which means Pig. The old man reports both without a flicker, and the reader is invited to notice what he did not.

我wǒ老lǎo拙zhuō見jiàn是shì這zhè般bān一yí個gè無wú根gēn無wú絆bàn的de人rén,就jiù招zhāo了le他tā。 我wǒ老lǎo拙zhuō见jiàn是shì这zhè般bān一yí个gè无wú根gēn无wú绊bàn的de人rén,就jiù招zhāo了le他tā。

Seeing a man so wholly without root or tie, I, old fool, took him in.

無根無絆 is without root and without tether. What recommended the stranger was precisely that no family would ever come asking after him — and that same fact is why the household now has nobody to complain to.

一yí進jìn門mén時shí,倒dào也yě勤qín謹jǐn:耕gēng田tián耙bà地dì,不bú用yòng牛niú具jù;收shōu割gē田tián禾hé,不bú用yòng刀dāo杖zhàng; 一yí进jìn门mén时shí,倒dào也yě勤qín谨jǐn:耕gēng田tián耙bà地dì,不bú用yòng牛niú具jù;收shōu割gē田tián禾hé,不bú用yòng刀dāo杖zhàng;

From the day he entered the door he was diligent enough: he ploughed and harrowed without ox or gear; he reaped the grain without sickle or staff;

耙地 is to harrow; 牛具 is the ox and its tackle. The parallel is exact: he needs neither beast nor blade. Squire Gao is describing strength beyond anything human, and the word he reaches for is 勤謹, diligent.

昏hūn去qù明míng來lái,其qí實shí也yě好hǎo。只zhǐ是shì一yí件jiàn,有yǒu些xiē會huì變biàn嘴zuǐ臉liǎn。」 昏hūn去qù明míng来lái,其qí实shí也yě好hǎo。只zhǐ是shì一yí件jiàn,有yǒu些xiē会huì变biàn嘴zuǐ脸liǎn。」

at dusk he went and at dawn he came, and truly it went well. There was but one thing: he had a way of changing his face."

昏去明來, out at dusk and home at dawn, is offered as a virtue and is in fact the first clear warning. 變嘴臉 is literally to change mouth and face. The soft word is the old man's own, and it is doing a great deal of work.


總評 Commentary

Squire Gao's testimony is a small masterpiece of accidental self-incrimination. He wanted a son-in-law who would live in, work the land, hold up the house and answer the labour levy — a farmhand, in short, secured by marriage instead of wages. What recommended the stranger was 上無父母,下無兄弟: no parents above him, no brothers below, therefore no kin to bargain on his behalf and nobody to take him back. The old man calls this 無根無絆 and counts it a point in the man's favour.

What he got was more than he bargained for in every sense. The fiend ploughs without an ox and reaps without a sickle, and Gao's word for this is 勤謹, diligent. He goes out at dusk and comes back at dawn, and Gao remarks only that things went well. The reader has now been told, in the flattest language available, that a supernatural being has been doing the farm work for three years and that nobody in the household thought to ask why. The one objection, when it finally comes, is cosmetic: 有些會變嘴臉, he has a way of changing his face.