同姓華宗 A Kinsman by Surname
這老兒頗賢，即令安排齋飯。飯後，悟空道：「你家姓甚？」老者道：「舍下姓陳。」三藏聞言，即下來起手道：「老施主與貧僧是華宗。」行者道：「師父，你是唐姓，怎的和他是華宗？」三藏道：「我俗家也姓陳，乃是唐朝海州弘農郡聚賢莊人氏。我的法名叫做陳玄奘。只因我大唐太宗皇帝賜我做御弟三藏，指唐為姓，故名唐僧也。」那老者見說同姓，又十分歡喜。这老儿颇贤，即令安排斋饭。饭后，悟空道：「你家姓甚？」老者道：「舍下姓陈。」三藏闻言，即下来起手道：「老施主与贫僧是华宗。」行者道：「师父，你是唐姓，怎的和他是华宗？」三藏道：「我俗家也姓陈，乃是唐朝海州弘农郡聚贤庄人氏。我的法名叫做陈玄奘。只因我大唐太宗皇帝赐我做御弟三藏，指唐为姓，故名唐僧也。」那老者见说同姓，又十分欢喜。
逐句解 Line by line
This old fellow was of a generous cast, and at once ordered a vegetarian meal set out. After the meal, Wukong said, "What is your family's surname?"
The host's generosity shows in the prompt vegetarian meal (齋飯). Wukong's blunt question after the surname begins the theme of kinship. 姓甚 ("surnamed what?") reads 甚 as shén.
The old man said, "My humble house is surnamed Chen."
The surname Chen (陳) is the hinge of the scene.
Hearing this, Sanzang came down and made a bow, saying, "The old patron and this poor monk are of one clan."
Sanzang, discovering a shared surname, at once treats the host as a clansman. 華宗 ("of the same lineage") is a courteous term for one of the same surname; 三藏 reads 藏 as zàng.
The Pilgrim said, "Master, you are of the Tang surname; how are you of one clan with him?"
Wukong's puzzled objection — that his master's surname is surely Tang — is the cue for Sanzang to explain his names.
Sanzang said, "In my lay family I too am surnamed Chen, a man of the Juxian Village in Hongnong Commandery, Haizhou, of the Tang realm.
Sanzang gives his lay origins in full genealogical style: surnamed Chen, from a named village, commandery, and prefecture of the Tang. 唐朝 reads 朝 as cháo.
My dharma-name is Chen Xuanzang.
He names his dharma-name, Chen Xuanzang — the historical Tang pilgrim on whom the character is based.
It was only because our great Tang emperor Taizong made me his sworn younger brother, and pointed to 'Tang' as my surname, that I am called the Tang Monk."
The explanation resolves Wukong's confusion: the surname "Tang" is honorific, bestowed by Emperor Taizong, who made the monk his sworn brother (御弟) — hence "the Tang Monk." 指唐為姓 ("pointed to Tang as surname") reads 為 as wéi.
When the old man heard that they shared a surname, he was the more delighted.
The shared surname deepens the bond of hospitality. 十分歡喜 reads 分 as fēn.
Over the meal, a small scene of discovered kinship binds the travellers closer to their host. Learning that the farmer's surname is Chen, Sanzang claims him at once as a clansman — for the monk's own lay surname is Chen, a genealogical fact the passage uses to unfold his double identity.
The exchange clarifies for the reader (through Wukong's puzzlement) why the pilgrim is called both Chen Xuanzang and the Tang Monk: 'Tang' is not a family name but an honour, conferred when the Emperor Taizong made him his sworn younger brother and gave him the imperial surname for the journey. This is the historical Xuanzang refracted through legend — the monk sent west with the emperor's own blessing.
The moment of shared surname warms the host further, and the domestic interlude continues; but the detail also quietly reasserts the imperial frame of the whole enterprise — this is a pilgrimage undertaken in the Tang emperor's name.