Canonical Classics ← 第九回
第九回
chénguāngruǐrènféngzāi
jiāngliúsēngchóubàoběn

Chen Guangrui, Going to His Post, Meets Disaster · The River-Float Monk Avenges the Wrong and Requites His Origin

母子相認
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

母子相認 Mother and Son Recognized

xiǎojiějiāngcóngkāiwèndào:「zhèxiǎoshīháishìyòuchūjiādeháishìzhōngniánchūjiādexìngshènmíngshuíyǒufǒu?」xuánzàngdào:「shìyòuchūjiāshìzhōngniánchūjiāshuōláiyuānyǒutiānláichóuyǒuhǎiyàngshēnbèirénmóuquèbèizéirénzhànleshīmíngzhǎnglǎojiàozàijiāngzhōunèixúnqīn。」xiǎojiěwèndào:「xìngshèn?」xuánzàngdào:「xìngyīnmínghuànwēnjiāoxìngchénmíngguāngruǐxiǎomíngjiàozuòjiāngliúmíngwéixuánzàng。」xiǎojiědào:「wēnjiāojiùshìdànjīnyǒupíng?」xuánzàngtīngshuōshìqīnshuāngguìxiàāiāi:「niángruòxìnjiànyǒuxuèshūhànshānwéizhèng。」wēnjiāoguòkànguǒránshìzhēnxiāngbàoérxiǎojiějiāngcóngkāiwèndào:「zhèxiǎoshīháishìyòuchūjiādeháishìzhōngniánchūjiādexìngshènmíngshuíyǒufǒu?」xuánzàngdào:「shìyòuchūjiāshìzhōngniánchūjiāshuōláiyuānyǒutiānláichóuyǒuhǎiyàngshēnbèirénmóuquèbèizéirénzhànleshīmíngzhǎnglǎojiàozàijiāngzhōunèixúnqīn。」xiǎojiěwèndào:「xìngshèn?」xuánzàngdào:「xìngyīnmínghuànwēnjiāoxìngchénmíngguāngruǐxiǎomíngjiàozuòjiāngliúmíngwéixuánzàng。」xiǎojiědào:「wēnjiāojiùshìdànjīnyǒupíng?」xuánzàngtīngshuōshìqīnshuāngguìxiàāiāi:「niángruòxìnjiànyǒuxuèshūhànshānwéizhèng。」wēnjiāoguòkànguǒránshìzhēnxiāngbàoér


逐句解 Line by line

xiǎojiějiāngcóngkāiwèndào xiǎojiějiāngcóngkāiwèndào

The lady sent her attendant maids away and asked,

從婢, the maids who attend her. Clearing them out is the first practical step, and she takes it before she asks a single question.

zhèxiǎoshīháishìyòuchūjiādeháishìzhōngniánchūjiādexìngshènmíngshuíyǒufǒu?」 zhèxiǎoshīháishìyòuchūjiādeháishìzhōngniánchūjiādexìngshènmíngshuíyǒufǒu?」

'You, little master — did you take orders as a child, or in your middle years? What is your name? Have you father and mother?'

還是還是 sets up an either-or, with as hái; 中年, middle age, takes as zhōng. Four questions, and the last is the one she actually wants answered: have you parents? She buries it at the end, the way people do when they are afraid of the reply.

xuánzàngdào:「shìyòuchūjiāshìzhōngniánchūjiā xuánzàngdào:「shìyòuchūjiāshìzhōngniánchūjiā

Xuanzang answered, 'I did not take orders as a child, nor in middle years.'

He answers the small question twice over, in parallel, and answers neither half of it. It is a run-up: two negatives to build a rhythm before the thing he has to say.

shuōláiyuānyǒutiānláichóuyǒuhǎiyàngshēn shuōláiyuānyǒutiānláichóuyǒuhǎiyàngshēn

'When I tell it — my wrong is as great as the sky, my grievance deep as the sea:'

冤有天來大仇有海樣深 — the wrong as big as the sky, the grievance as deep as the sea. Two lines built to match each other clause for clause, which is what popular storytelling reaches for when a feeling needs a container.

bèirénmóuquèbèizéirénzhànle bèirénmóuquèbèizéirénzhànle

'my father was murdered, and my mother seized by the villain.'

is to occupy, to take and hold: the word you use of ground. Applied to a person it is as ugly as it sounds, and the novel does nothing to soften it.

shīmíngzhǎnglǎojiàozàijiāngzhōunèixúnqīn。」 shīmíngzhǎnglǎojiàozàijiāngzhōunèixúnqīn。」

'My master, the elder Faming, bade me seek my mother within the Jiangzhou yamen.'

尋取, to seek and get — searching with an object in mind rather than wandering hopefully. He has just told a stranger, standing in her own house, that he is looking for his mother somewhere inside this building.

xiǎojiěwèndào:「xìngshèn?」 xiǎojiěwèndào:「xìngshèn?」

The lady asked, 'What is your mother's surname?'

Four characters, and everything rides on them. 姓甚, surnamed what, takes as shèn.

xuánzàngdào:「xìngyīnmínghuànwēnjiāo xuánzàngdào:「xìngyīnmínghuànwēnjiāo

Xuanzang said, 'My mother is surnamed Yin, named Wenjiao.'

名喚, called by the name of. He gives her her own name, and has no idea he is doing it.

xìngchénmíngguāngruǐ xìngchénmíngguāngruǐ

'My father is surnamed Chen, named Guangrui.'

And the second name is her husband's. She now holds both halves of it and has still said nothing.

xiǎomíngjiàozuòjiāngliúmíngwéixuánzàng。」 xiǎomíngjiàozuòjiāngliúmíngwéixuánzàng。」

'My infant name was Jiangliu, and my dharma-name given as Xuanzang.'

小名, his childhood name, is River-Float — which tells her exactly how he was found, if she needed telling. 法名取為 takes as wéi.

xiǎojiědào:「wēnjiāojiùshìdànjīnyǒupíng?」 xiǎojiědào:「wēnjiāojiùshìdànjīnyǒupíng?」

The lady said, 'Wenjiao is none other than I. But what proof have you now?'

She identifies herself in five characters and then, without pausing, asks for proof. 憑據, evidence to lean on, is the hinge of the whole scene. Eighteen years of hoping have not made her careless.

xuánzàngtīngshuōshìqīnshuāngguìxiàāiāi xuánzàngtīngshuōshìqīnshuāngguìxiàāiāi

Hearing that she was his mother, Xuanzang fell to both knees and wept aloud:

雙膝跪下, down on both knees. One knee is respect. Two is something else entirely.

niángruòxìnjiànyǒuxuèshūhànshānwéizhèng。」 niángruòxìnjiànyǒuxuèshūhànshānwéizhèng。」

'If my mother does not believe me, here are the blood-letter and undershirt for proof.'

為證, as proof, with as wéi. And notice what he calls her: 我娘, my mum — the plain domestic word, not the formal 母親 he has used up to now.

wēnjiāoguòkànguǒránshìzhēnxiāngbàoér wēnjiāoguòkànguǒránshìzhēnxiāngbàoér

Wenjiao took them and looked, and they were indeed true; mother and son embraced and wept.

果然是真, sure enough, genuine. The verification takes four characters and the embrace takes six. 母子相抱 keeps as and takes the mutual , xiāng — an embrace being, by definition, something two people do to one another.


總評 Commentary

The recognition is conducted like an interview. She sends the maids away, then asks four questions, keeping the one she cares about until last. He answers with his parents' names, and she is holding the whole truth before she has said a word. Then, at the exact point where most stories would have her fall on his neck, she asks for evidence: 但你今有何憑據, what proof do you have?

That demand is the hinge, and it is characteristic. Popular Chinese fiction almost never lets identity rest on assertion, or even on feeling. It wants a 信物 — a token, a physical object that can be produced and matched. The sequence runs word, then name, then thing, and only the thing closes the circuit.

The thing, when it comes, is the letter she wrote in her own blood and the shirt off her own back. She is authenticating her son against evidence she manufactured herself, eighteen years earlier, for precisely this morning. It is the most complete vindication anybody in this chapter gets.