第九回 · 母子相認 Mother and Son Recognized — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

母子相認 Mother and Son Recognized

小xiǎo姐jiě將jiāng從cóng婢bì打dǎ發fā開kāi去qù，問wèn道dào：「你nǐ這zhè小xiǎo師shī父fù，還hái是shì自zì幼yòu出chū家jiā的de，還hái是shì中zhōng年nián出chū家jiā的de？姓xìng甚shèn名míng誰shuí？可kě有yǒu父fù母mǔ否fǒu？」玄xuán奘zàng答dá道dào：「我wǒ也yě不bú是shì自zì幼yòu出chū家jiā，我wǒ也yě不bú是shì中zhōng年nián出chū家jiā，我wǒ說shuō起qǐ來lái，冤yuān有yǒu天tiān來lái大dà，仇chóu有yǒu海hǎi樣yàng深shēn：我wǒ父fù被bèi人rén謀móu死sǐ，我wǒ母mǔ卻què被bèi賊zéi人rén占zhàn了le。我wǒ師shī父fù法fǎ明míng長zhǎng老lǎo教jiào我wǒ在zài江jiāng州zhōu衙yá內nèi尋xún取qǔ母mǔ親qīn。」小xiǎo姐jiě問wèn道dào：「你nǐ母mǔ姓xìng甚shèn？」玄xuán奘zàng道dào：「我wǒ母mǔ姓xìng殷yīn，名míng喚huàn溫wēn嬌jiāo。我wǒ父fù姓xìng陳chén，名míng光guāng蕊ruǐ。我wǒ小xiǎo名míng叫jiào做zuò江jiāng流liú，法fǎ名míng取qǔ為wéi玄xuán奘zàng。」小xiǎo姐jiě道dào：「溫wēn嬌jiāo就jiù是shì我wǒ。但dàn你nǐ今jīn有yǒu何hé憑píng據jù？」玄xuán奘zàng聽tīng說shuō是shì他tā母mǔ親qīn，雙shuāng膝xī跪guì下xià，哀āi哀āi大dà哭kū：「我wǒ娘niáng若ruò不bú信xìn，見jiàn有yǒu血xuè書shū、汗hàn衫shān為wéi證zhèng。」溫wēn嬌jiāo取qǔ過guò一yí看kàn，果guǒ然rán是shì真zhēn，母mǔ子zǐ相xiāng抱bào而ér哭kū。小xiǎo姐jiě将jiāng从cóng婢bì打dǎ发fā开kāi去qù，问wèn道dào：「你nǐ这zhè小xiǎo师shī父fù，还hái是shì自zì幼yòu出chū家jiā的de，还hái是shì中zhōng年nián出chū家jiā的de？姓xìng甚shèn名míng谁shuí？可kě有yǒu父fù母mǔ否fǒu？」玄xuán奘zàng答dá道dào：「我wǒ也yě不bú是shì自zì幼yòu出chū家jiā，我wǒ也yě不bú是shì中zhōng年nián出chū家jiā，我wǒ说shuō起qǐ来lái，冤yuān有yǒu天tiān来lái大dà，仇chóu有yǒu海hǎi样yàng深shēn：我wǒ父fù被bèi人rén谋móu死sǐ，我wǒ母mǔ却què被bèi贼zéi人rén占zhàn了le。我wǒ师shī父fù法fǎ明míng长zhǎng老lǎo教jiào我wǒ在zài江jiāng州zhōu衙yá内nèi寻xún取qǔ母mǔ亲qīn。」小xiǎo姐jiě问wèn道dào：「你nǐ母mǔ姓xìng甚shèn？」玄xuán奘zàng道dào：「我wǒ母mǔ姓xìng殷yīn，名míng唤huàn温wēn娇jiāo。我wǒ父fù姓xìng陈chén，名míng光guāng蕊ruǐ。我wǒ小xiǎo名míng叫jiào做zuò江jiāng流liú，法fǎ名míng取qǔ为wéi玄xuán奘zàng。」小xiǎo姐jiě道dào：「温wēn娇jiāo就jiù是shì我wǒ。但dàn你nǐ今jīn有yǒu何hé凭píng据jù？」玄xuán奘zàng听tīng说shuō是shì他tā母mǔ亲qīn，双shuāng膝xī跪guì下xià，哀āi哀āi大dà哭kū：「我wǒ娘niáng若ruò不bú信xìn，见jiàn有yǒu血xuè书shū、汗hàn衫shān为wéi证zhèng。」温wēn娇jiāo取qǔ过guò一yí看kàn，果guǒ然rán是shì真zhēn，母mǔ子zǐ相xiāng抱bào而ér哭kū。

逐句解 Line by line

小xiǎo姐jiě將jiāng從cóng婢bì打dǎ發fā開kāi去qù，問wèn道dào：小xiǎo姐jiě将jiāng从cóng婢bì打dǎ发fā开kāi去qù，问wèn道dào：

The lady sent her attendant maids away and asked,

從婢, attendant maidservants.

「你nǐ這zhè小xiǎo師shī父fù，還hái是shì自zì幼yòu出chū家jiā的de，還hái是shì中zhōng年nián出chū家jiā的de？姓xìng甚shèn名míng誰shuí？可kě有yǒu父fù母mǔ否fǒu？」「你nǐ这zhè小xiǎo师shī父fù，还hái是shì自zì幼yòu出chū家jiā的de，还hái是shì中zhōng年nián出chū家jiā的de？姓xìng甚shèn名míng谁shuí？可kě有yǒu父fù母mǔ否fǒu？」

'You, little master — did you take orders as a child, or in your middle years? What is your name? Have you father and mother?'

還是…還是, 'whether... or' — 還 is hái; 中年, midlife, 中 = zhōng.

玄xuán奘zàng答dá道dào：「我wǒ也yě不bú是shì自zì幼yòu出chū家jiā，我wǒ也yě不bú是shì中zhōng年nián出chū家jiā，玄xuán奘zàng答dá道dào：「我wǒ也yě不bú是shì自zì幼yòu出chū家jiā，我wǒ也yě不bú是shì中zhōng年nián出chū家jiā，

Xuanzang answered, 'I did not take orders as a child, nor in middle years.'

He sets up the fuller answer his grief is about to pour out.

我wǒ說shuō起qǐ來lái，冤yuān有yǒu天tiān來lái大dà，仇chóu有yǒu海hǎi樣yàng深shēn：我wǒ说shuō起qǐ来lái，冤yuān有yǒu天tiān来lái大dà，仇chóu有yǒu海hǎi样yàng深shēn：

'When I tell it — my wrong is as great as the sky, my grievance deep as the sea:'

冤有天來大，仇有海樣深, a balanced lament: wrong sky-high, grievance sea-deep.

我wǒ父fù被bèi人rén謀móu死sǐ，我wǒ母mǔ卻què被bèi賊zéi人rén占zhàn了le。我wǒ父fù被bèi人rén谋móu死sǐ，我wǒ母mǔ却què被bèi贼zéi人rén占zhàn了le。

'my father was murdered, and my mother seized by the villain.'

占了, taken by force.

我wǒ師shī父fù法fǎ明míng長zhǎng老lǎo教jiào我wǒ在zài江jiāng州zhōu衙yá內nèi尋xún取qǔ母mǔ親qīn。」我wǒ师shī父fù法fǎ明míng长zhǎng老lǎo教jiào我wǒ在zài江jiāng州zhōu衙yá内nèi寻xún取qǔ母mǔ亲qīn。」

'My master, the elder Faming, bade me seek my mother within the Jiangzhou yamen.'

尋取, to seek out.

小xiǎo姐jiě問wèn道dào：「你nǐ母mǔ姓xìng甚shèn？」小xiǎo姐jiě问wèn道dào：「你nǐ母mǔ姓xìng甚shèn？」

The lady asked, 'What is your mother's surname?'

姓甚, 'what surname' — 甚 is shèn.

玄xuán奘zàng道dào：「我wǒ母mǔ姓xìng殷yīn，名míng喚huàn溫wēn嬌jiāo。玄xuán奘zàng道dào：「我wǒ母mǔ姓xìng殷yīn，名míng唤huàn温wēn娇jiāo。

Xuanzang said, 'My mother is surnamed Yin, named Wenjiao.'

名喚, named, called.

我wǒ父fù姓xìng陳chén，名míng光guāng蕊ruǐ。我wǒ父fù姓xìng陈chén，名míng光guāng蕊ruǐ。

'My father is surnamed Chen, named Guangrui.'

The names match her own dead husband's.

我wǒ小xiǎo名míng叫jiào做zuò江jiāng流liú，法fǎ名míng取qǔ為wéi玄xuán奘zàng。」我wǒ小xiǎo名míng叫jiào做zuò江jiāng流liú，法fǎ名míng取qǔ为wéi玄xuán奘zàng。」

'My infant name was Jiangliu, and my dharma-name given as Xuanzang.'

法名取為玄奘, the dharma-name given as Xuanzang — 為 is wéi.

小xiǎo姐jiě道dào：「溫wēn嬌jiāo就jiù是shì我wǒ。但dàn你nǐ今jīn有yǒu何hé憑píng據jù？」小xiǎo姐jiě道dào：「温wēn娇jiāo就jiù是shì我wǒ。但dàn你nǐ今jīn有yǒu何hé凭píng据jù？」

The lady said, 'Wenjiao is none other than I. But what proof have you now?'

憑據, proof, evidence — the hinge of the recognition.

玄xuán奘zàng聽tīng說shuō是shì他tā母mǔ親qīn，雙shuāng膝xī跪guì下xià，哀āi哀āi大dà哭kū：玄xuán奘zàng听tīng说shuō是shì他tā母mǔ亲qīn，双shuāng膝xī跪guì下xià，哀āi哀āi大dà哭kū：

Hearing that she was his mother, Xuanzang fell to both knees and wept aloud:

雙膝跪下, to kneel on both knees.

「我wǒ娘niáng若ruò不bú信xìn，見jiàn有yǒu血xuè書shū、汗hàn衫shān為wéi證zhèng。」「我wǒ娘niáng若ruò不bú信xìn，见jiàn有yǒu血xuè书shū、汗hàn衫shān为wéi证zhèng。」

'If my mother does not believe me, here are the blood-letter and undershirt for proof.'

為證, 'as proof' — 為 here is wéi.

溫wēn嬌jiāo取qǔ過guò一yí看kàn，果guǒ然rán是shì真zhēn，母mǔ子zǐ相xiāng抱bào而ér哭kū。温wēn娇jiāo取qǔ过guò一yí看kàn，果guǒ然rán是shì真zhēn，母mǔ子zǐ相xiāng抱bào而ér哭kū。

Wenjiao took them and looked, and they were indeed true; mother and son embraced and wept.

母子相抱, mother and son embrace — 子 = zǐ, with reciprocal 相 (xiāng).

總評 Commentary

The recognition unfolds as a careful exchange of identities: the mother's probing questions, the son's account of his wrong, the matching of names, and at last the physical proofs — the blood-letter and undershirt she herself had bound to him eighteen years before. The scene exemplifies the recognition (anagnorisis) of vernacular fiction, where identity is never merely asserted but confirmed by token (信物): word, then name, then the objects that close the circuit. The mother's demand — 但你今有何憑據 ('but what proof have you?') — is the hinge, and the answer is the very letter written in her blood.