Canonical Classics ← 第九回
第九回
chénguāngruǐrènféngzāi
jiāngliúsēngchóubàoběn

Chen Guangrui, Going to His Post, Meets Disaster · The River-Float Monk Avenges the Wrong and Requites His Origin

舔目復明
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字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

舔目復明 The Eyes Restored to Sight

xuánzàng便biànguìdǎoxiàngtiāndǎogàodào:「jīnxuánzàngshísuìzhīchóunéngbàojīnlǐngmìngláixúnpotiānruòliánjiànchéngbǎoposhuāngyǎnmíng。」zhùjiùjiāngshéjiānpotiǎnyǎnzhījiānshuāngyǎntiǎnkāiréngchūpolexiǎoshàngdào:「guǒshìdesūnziqiàérziguāngruǐxíngróngèr。」poyòuyòubēixuánzàngjiùlǐngpochūleyáoménhuándàoliúxiǎoèrdiànnèijiāngxiēfángqiánlìnjiānposhēnyòujiāngpánchánpodào:「zhǐyuèjiùhuí。」xuánzàng便biànguìdǎoxiàngtiāndǎogàodào:「jīnxuánzàngshísuìzhīchóunéngbàojīnlǐngmìngláixúnpotiānruòliánjiànchéngbǎoposhuāngyǎnmíng。」zhùjiùjiāngshéjiānpotiǎnyǎnzhījiānshuāngyǎntiǎnkāiréngchūpolexiǎoshàngdào:「guǒshìdesūnziqiàérziguāngruǐxíngróngèr。」poyòuyòubēixuánzàngjiùlǐngpochūleyáoménhuándàoliúxiǎoèrdiànnèijiāngxiēfángqiánlìnjiānposhēnyòujiāngpánchánpodào:「zhǐyuèjiùhuí。」


逐句解 Line by line

xuánzàng便biànguìdǎoxiàngtiāndǎogàodào xuánzàng便biànguìdǎoxiàngtiāndǎogàodào

Xuanzang then knelt and prayed toward Heaven:

禱告, to pray — and notice the direction. He kneels and addresses Heaven, not a Buddha. What follows is filial rather than doctrinal.

jīnxuánzàngshísuìzhīchóunéngbào jīnxuánzàngshísuìzhīchóunéngbào

'Now I, Xuanzang, am eighteen years old, and the wrong done my parents is unavenged.'

He opens a prayer by confessing a failure. 報復, to requite and pay back, is the ordinary word for revenge; and eighteen years old is not, by any reasonable measure, late.

jīnlǐngmìngláixúnpotiānruòliánjiànchéngbǎoposhuāngyǎnmíng。」 jīnlǐngmìngláixúnpotiānruòliánjiànchéngbǎoposhuāngyǎnmíng。」

'Today I have come at my mother's bidding to seek my grandmother; if Heaven would pity your disciple's sincerity, restore my grandmother's two eyes to sight.'

憐鑒 is to look on with pity and to see clearly, the verb for a god examining a case. 弟子, this disciple, keeps as . He offers no merit, no scripture, no bargain. The whole petition rests on 誠意, sincerity — which in this tradition is the one thing Heaven cannot turn down.

zhùjiùjiāngshéjiānpotiǎnyǎn zhùjiùjiāngshéjiānpotiǎnyǎn

His prayer done, he licked his grandmother's eyes with the tip of his tongue.

And then he licks her eyes. 舌尖, the tip of the tongue. This is neither medicine nor ritual: it belongs to a large body of folk story in which an extreme act of filial devotion, usually intimate and often physically unpleasant, produces a cure by sincerity alone.

zhījiānshuāngyǎntiǎnkāiréngchū zhījiānshuāngyǎntiǎnkāiréngchū

In a moment the two eyes were licked open and restored as before.

須臾 is a stretch of time so short it has its own name, and it comes into Chinese from Buddhist measures of duration. 仍復如初, back again as at the beginning: eighteen years of weeping undone between two sentences.

polexiǎoshàngdào polexiǎoshàngdào

The grandmother looked at the little monk and said:

is to peer, to narrow the eyes at something. The first verb she is given after the cure is a verb of looking, and it is a cautious one.

guǒshìdesūnziqiàérziguāngruǐxíngróngèr。」 guǒshìdesūnziqiàérziguāngruǐxíngróngèr。」

'You are truly my grandson — the very image of my son Guangrui.'

形容無二, in form and face not two: identical. She recognized him by voice while blind and now confirms it by sight, which gives the family likeness three separate hearings in this chapter — his mother watched him, his grandmother heard him, and now she looks at him. 孫子 and 兒子 both keep unstressed as zi.

poyòuyòubēi poyòuyòubēi

The grandmother was glad and grieved at once.

又喜又悲, glad and grieving at once — the same doubled feeling the chapter gave his mother a few passages back, 一憂一喜. This family never gets its joy unmixed.

xuánzàngjiùlǐngpochūleyáoménhuándàoliúxiǎoèrdiànnèi xuánzàngjiùlǐngpochūleyáoménhuándàoliúxiǎoèrdiànnèi

Xuanzang then led the grandmother out of the kiln gate and back to Liu the Second's inn.

還到, went back to, with as huán, to return. He walks her out of the kiln and back into the inn she was put out of, which is a small restoration in its own right.

jiāngxiēfángqiánlìnjiānposhēn jiāngxiēfángqiánlìnjiānposhēn

With some money he rented a room for the grandmother to lodge in,

is what a bird does on a branch, so 棲身 is to perch a body somewhere: to have a place to be. He pays the rent his father had meant to go on paying.

yòujiāngpánchánpodào:「zhǐyuèjiùhuí。」 yòujiāngpánchánpodào:「zhǐyuèjiùhuí。」

and giving her travelling funds besides, he said, 'I shall be gone only a month or so, then return.'

盤纏 again, the travelling money — the same word used when his father left her funds at this inn eighteen years ago, and the second time in the chapter that a man gives her cash and walks away promising to return. 月餘, a month or so. This time somebody comes back.


總評 Commentary

This is the one plain miracle in the chapter, and the striking thing is who performs it. No god appears. No Bodhisattva intervenes. A young man kneels, tells Heaven that he is eighteen and has not yet avenged his parents, and asks for his grandmother's eyes back on the strength of 誠意, sincerity. Then he licks them open with his tongue.

Cures like this belong to the folklore of extreme filial piety, , which has a whole literature of its own: sons carving flesh from their own thighs to feed a sick parent, and in the most famous of them a boy lying down bare on a frozen river until the ice gives way and a carp comes up. The logic is consistent. Sincerity pushed far enough past comfort has authority over the natural order. What is on display is not holiness but devotion.

And it answers the previous passage exactly. She wept herself blind over a son who never came; a grandson she did not know existed licks her whole. Then he rents her a room, leaves her money and promises to be back inside the month — the same two things his father did at this same inn, with a different ending attached to them.