第三十七回 · 人生四恩 The Four Kindnesses — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

人生四恩 The Four Kindnesses

太tài子zǐ聞wén言yán，心xīn中zhōng大dà怒nù道dào：「這zhè潑pō和hé尚shàng胡hú說shuō！你nǐ那nà半bàn片piàn衣yī，憑píng著zhe你nǐ口kǒu能néng舌shé便biàn，誇kuā好hǎo誇kuā強qiáng。我wǒ的de父fù冤yuān從cóng何hé未wèi報bào？你nǐ說shuō來lái我wǒ聽tīng。」三sān藏zàng進jìn前qián一yí步bù，合hé掌zhǎng問wèn道dào：「殿diàn下xià，為wéi人rén生shēng在zài天tiān地dì之zhī間jiān，能néng有yǒu幾jǐ恩ēn？」太tài子zǐ道dào：「有yǒu四sì恩ēn。」三sān藏zàng道dào：「那nǎ四sì恩ēn？」太tài子zǐ道dào：「感gǎn天tiān地dì蓋gài載zài之zhī恩ēn，日rì月yuè照zhào臨lín之zhī恩ēn，國guó王wáng水shuǐ土tǔ之zhī恩ēn，父fù母mǔ養yǎng育yù之zhī恩ēn。」三sān藏zàng笑xiào曰yuē：「殿diàn下xià言yán之zhī有yǒu失shī。太tài子zǐ闻wén言yán，心xīn中zhōng大dà怒nù道dào：「这zhè泼pō和hé尚shàng胡hú说shuō！你nǐ那nà半bàn片piàn衣yī，凭píng著zhe你nǐ口kǒu能néng舌shé便biàn，夸kuā好hǎo夸kuā强qiáng。我wǒ的de父fù冤yuān从cóng何hé未wèi报bào？你nǐ说shuō来lái我wǒ听tīng。」三sān藏zàng进jìn前qián一yí步bù，合hé掌zhǎng问wèn道dào：「殿diàn下xià，为wéi人rén生shēng在zài天tiān地dì之zhī间jiān，能néng有yǒu几jǐ恩ēn？」太tài子zǐ道dào：「有yǒu四sì恩ēn。」三sān藏zàng道dào：「那nǎ四sì恩ēn？」太tài子zǐ道dào：「感gǎn天tiān地dì盖gài载zài之zhī恩ēn，日rì月yuè照zhào临lín之zhī恩ēn，国guó王wáng水shuǐ土tǔ之zhī恩ēn，父fù母mǔ养yǎng育yù之zhī恩ēn。」三sān藏zàng笑xiào曰yuē：「殿diàn下xià言yán之zhī有yǒu失shī。

逐句解 Line by line

太tài子zǐ聞wén言yán，心xīn中zhōng大dà怒nù道dào：「這zhè潑pō和hé尚shàng胡hú說shuō！太tài子zǐ闻wén言yán，心xīn中zhōng大dà怒nù道dào：「这zhè泼pō和hé尚shàng胡hú说shuō！

Hearing this, the prince, in a great rage of heart, said, “This rascally monk talks nonsense!

心中 (xīn zhōng) "in the heart," zhōng; 潑和尚 (pō hé shàng) "rascally monk."

你nǐ那nà半bàn片piàn衣yī，憑píng著zhe你nǐ口kǒu能néng舌shé便biàn，誇kuā好hǎo誇kuā強qiáng。你nǐ那nà半bàn片piàn衣yī，凭píng著zhe你nǐ口kǒu能néng舌shé便biàn，夸kuā好hǎo夸kuā强qiáng。

That half-piece of cloth of yours — relying on your glib mouth and ready tongue, you praise it high and praise it mighty.

那半片衣 (nà bàn piàn yī) deictic nà; 憑著 (píng zhe) "relying on," durative 著 = zhe.

我wǒ的de父fù冤yuān從cóng何hé未wèi報bào？我wǒ的de父fù冤yuān从cóng何hé未wèi报bào？

From whence comes this ‘father’s wrong unavenged’?

父冤 (fù yuān) "the father’s wrong"; 未報 (wèi bào) "unrequited."

你nǐ說shuō來lái我wǒ聽tīng。」你nǐ说shuō来lái我wǒ听tīng。」

Tell me and let me hear.”

說來我聽 (shuō lái wǒ tīng) "tell it for me to hear."

三sān藏zàng進jìn前qián一yí步bù，合hé掌zhǎng問wèn道dào：「殿diàn下xià，為wéi人rén生shēng在zài天tiān地dì之zhī間jiān，能néng有yǒu幾jǐ恩ēn？」三sān藏zàng进jìn前qián一yí步bù，合hé掌zhǎng问wèn道dào：「殿diàn下xià，为wéi人rén生shēng在zài天tiān地dì之zhī间jiān，能néng有yǒu几jǐ恩ēn？」

Tripitaka stepped one pace forward, joined his palms, and asked, “Your Highness, to be a man born between heaven and earth — how many debts of kindness can there be?”

為人 (wéi rén) "to be a man," 為 = wéi (to be); 天地之間 (tiān dì zhī jiān) "between heaven and earth."

太tài子zǐ道dào：「有yǒu四sì恩ēn。」太tài子zǐ道dào：「有yǒu四sì恩ēn。」

The prince said, “There are four kindnesses.”

四恩 (sì ēn) "the four kindnesses."

三sān藏zàng道dào：「那nǎ四sì恩ēn？」三sān藏zàng道dào：「那nǎ四sì恩ēn？」

Tripitaka said, “Which four kindnesses?”

那四恩 (nǎ sì ēn) "which four," interrogative 那 = nǎ.

太tài子zǐ道dào：「感gǎn天tiān地dì蓋gài載zài之zhī恩ēn，日rì月yuè照zhào臨lín之zhī恩ēn，國guó王wáng水shuǐ土tǔ之zhī恩ēn，父fù母mǔ養yǎng育yù之zhī恩ēn。」太tài子zǐ道dào：「感gǎn天tiān地dì盖gài载zài之zhī恩ēn，日rì月yuè照zhào临lín之zhī恩ēn，国guó王wáng水shuǐ土tǔ之zhī恩ēn，父fù母mǔ养yǎng育yù之zhī恩ēn。」

The prince said, “The kindness of heaven and earth that cover and sustain us; the kindness of sun and moon that shine upon us; the kindness of the king’s land and water; the kindness of father and mother who rear us.”

蓋載 (gài zài) "to cover and carry," 載 = zài; 照臨 (zhào lín) "to shine down upon."

三sān藏zàng笑xiào曰yuē：「殿diàn下xià言yán之zhī有yǒu失shī。三sān藏zàng笑xiào曰yuē：「殿diàn下xià言yán之zhī有yǒu失shī。

Tripitaka said with a smile, “Your Highness speaks with an error.

言之有失 (yán zhī yǒu shī) "there is a fault in what you say."

總評 Commentary

Stung by the poem’s charge about his father, the prince demands its meaning, and Tripitaka draws him into the catechism of the “four kindnesses” — heaven-and-earth, sun-and-moon, sovereign, and parents — a Confucian commonplace the young royal recites by rote.

Tripitaka’s calculated reply — “you speak with an error” — sets the snare. By preparing to deny the very kindness of parents, the monk means to provoke in the prince the grief and inquiry the plan depends on, turning a doctrinal exchange toward the wound at its centre.