When Tripitaka saw this, he was struck with alarm and lost all colour; hastily bowing, he cried out in a sharp voice, “Of which court are you the sovereign?

那一朝 (nǎ yì cháo) "which reign" — 那 is the interrogative nǎ (the graph 那 serving for 哪, differentiated only later); 朝 = cháo (court/reign).

Pray, be seated.”

請坐 (qǐng zuò) — Tripitaka still addresses the figure as a living guest.

He reached out a hand in haste to help him up, only to clutch at empty air.

攙 (chān) "to support by the arm"; 撲了個空虛 (pū le gè kōng xū) "grasped at nothing."

Turning back and settling into his seat, he looked once more — and there was still the same man.

還是 (hái shì) "still"; 那個人 (nà gè rén) deictic nà. 看處 (kàn chù) "as he looked."

The elder then asked, “Your Majesty, of what land are you emperor?

長老 (zhǎng lǎo); 那裡 (nǎ lǐ) "which place / where," interrogative 那 = nǎ.

Sovereign of what realm?

何邦帝王 (hé bāng dì wáng) "king of what state?"

Surely your realm is unquiet, slandering ministers oppress and abuse, and you have fled for your life in the dead of night to come here.

讒臣 (chán chén) "slandering ministers"; 欺虐 (qī nüè) "to bully and abuse."

Whatever you have to say, say it and let me hear.”

說與我聽 (shuō yǔ wǒ tīng) "tell it for me to hear."

Only then did the man, tears dropping along his cheeks, speak of things past, and, with sorrow gathered upon his brows, pour out the cause behind it.

攢 (cuán) "to knit, gather" (愁攢眉 "brows knit in grief"), not zǎn; 腮 (sāi) "cheek." A parallel-prose couplet (淚滴腮邊 / 愁攢眉上) marks the shift into formal lament.

He said, “Master, my home lies due west, only some forty li distant from here.

里 (lǐ), a Chinese unit of distance (roughly half a kilometre).

In that quarter stands a walled city — the very place where I raised my domain.”

那廂 (nà xiāng) "over there," deictic nà; 興基 (xīng jī) "to found the enterprise," 興 = xīng. 之處 (zhī chù).