Canonical Classics ← 第四十九回
第四十九回
sānzàngyǒuzāichénshuǐzhái
guānyīnjiùnànxiànlán

Tripitaka Meets Disaster and Sinks in the Water Mansion · Guanyin, Saving from Peril, Appears with the Fish Basket

老黿訴冤
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

老黿訴冤 The Turtle's Grievance

lǎo黿yuányòujiào:「shèngyàochuánsòngshīguò。」xíngzhělūnzhetiěbàngdào:「zhènièchùruòdàobiānqiánzhèbàngjiù。」lǎo黿yuándào:「gǎnshèngzhīēnqíngyuànbànhǎoxīnsòngshīzěnmefǎnyào?」xíngzhědào:「yǒushénēnhuì?」lǎo黿yuándào:「shèngzhīzhèxiàshuǐ黿yuánzhīnǎishìdezhùzháidàiláishàngchuánliúdàoyīnxǐngběngēnyǎngchénglíngzàichùxiūxíngbèijiāngfāngàilebiànzuòshuǐ黿yuánzhīyāoxiénǎijiǔniánqiánhǎixiàofāngǎncháotóuláichùzhàngchěngxiōngwánzhēngdòubèishāngleduōérduóleduōjuàndòuguòjiāngcháoxuébáibáidebèizhànlejīnméngshèngzhìjiùtángshīqǐngleguānyīnsǎojìngyāofēnshōuguàijiāngzháiháiguījīntuánluánlǎoxiǎozàiāibāngjiùshèēnzhòngruòqiūshānshēnhǎiqiědànděngménghuìzhǐzhèzhuāngshàngrénmiǎndeniánniánsàiquánleduōshǎorénjiāérchéngsuǒwèiérliǎngzhīēngǎnbào。」xíngzhěwényánxīnzhōngànshōuletiěbàngdào:「duānshìzhēnshízhīqíngme?」lǎo黿yuándào:「yīnshèngēnhóngshēnzěngǎnmiù?」xíngzhědào:「shìzhēnqíngcháotiānzhòu。」lǎo黿yuánzhāngzhehóngkǒucháotiānshìdào:「ruòzhēnqíngsòngtángsēngguòtōngtiānjiāngshēnhuàwèixuèshuǐ。」xíngzhěxiàodào:「shàngláishànglái。」lǎoyuányòujiào:「shèngyàochuánsòngshīguò。」xíngzhělūnzhetiěbàngdào:「zhènièchùruòdàobiānqiánzhèbàngjiù。」lǎoyuándào:「gǎnshèngzhīēnqíngyuànbànhǎoxīnsòngshīzěnmefǎnyào?」xíngzhědào:「yǒushénēnhuì?」lǎoyuándào:「shèngzhīzhèxiàshuǐyuánzhīnǎishìdezhùzháidàiláishàngchuánliúdàoyīnxǐngběngēnyǎngchénglíngzàichùxiūxíngbèijiāngfāngàilebiànzuòshuǐyuánzhīyāoxiénǎijiǔniánqiánhǎixiàofāngǎncháotóuláichùzhàngchěngxiōngwánzhēngdòubèishāngleduōérduóleduōjuàndòuguòjiāngcháoxuébáibáidebèizhànlejīnméngshèngzhìjiùtángshīqǐngleguānyīnsǎojìngyāofēnshōuguàijiāngzháiháiguījīntuánluánlǎoxiǎozàiāibāngjiùshèēnzhòngruòqiūshānshēnhǎiqiědànděngménghuìzhǐzhèzhuāngshàngrénmiǎndeniánniánsàiquánleduōshǎorénjiāérchéngsuǒwèiérliǎngzhīēngǎnbào。」xíngzhěwényánxīnzhōngànshōuletiěbàngdào:「duānshìzhēnshízhīqíngme?」lǎoyuándào:「yīnshèngēnhóngshēnzěngǎnmiù?」xíngzhědào:「shìzhēnqíngcháotiānzhòu。」lǎoyuánzhāngzhehóngkǒucháotiānshìdào:「ruòzhēnqíngsòngtángsēngguòtōngtiānjiāngshēnhuàwèixuèshuǐ。」xíngzhěxiàodào:「shàngláishànglái。」


逐句解 Line by line

lǎo黿yuányòujiào:「shèngyàochuánsòngshīguò。」 lǎoyuányòujiào:「shèngyàochuánsòngshīguò。」

The old turtle cried again: "Great Sage, do not build a boat. I will carry you and your master across."

那老黿 points, ; 黿 yuán. He repeats the offer — and Wukong's first response is not gratitude.

xíngzhělūnzhetiěbàngdào:「zhènièchùruòdàobiānqiánzhèbàngjiù。」 xíngzhělūnzhetiěbàngdào:「zhènièchùruòdàobiānqiánzhèbàngjiù。」

Pilgrim, whirling his iron rod, said: "You accursed beast! If you come near the edge, one stroke of this rod and I'll kill you."

掄著 keeps as zhe. 孽畜 takes as chù, the noun "beast" (the same reading as in 牲畜, livestock), not the verb , to rear. Anything that surfaces from the demon's river is, as far as Wukong is concerned, another enemy.

lǎo黿yuándào:「gǎnshèngzhīēnqíngyuànbànhǎoxīnsòngshīzěnmefǎnyào?」 lǎoyuándào:「gǎnshèngzhīēnqíngyuànbànhǎoxīnsòngshīzěnmefǎnyào?」

The old turtle said: "I am grateful for the Great Sage's kindness and gladly offer, with a good heart, to carry you across. Why do you turn instead and want to strike me?"

黿 yuán. 情願, willing of one's own accord. The turtle's baffled protest — I come to thank you and you swing a club at me — is what turns the suspicion aside.

xíngzhědào:「yǒushénēnhuì?」 xíngzhědào:「yǒushénēnhuì?」

Pilgrim said: "What kindness have I done you?"

有甚恩惠 takes as the asking shén, "what." The question opens the long recital of grievance and debt that follows.

lǎo黿yuándào:「shèngzhīzhèxiàshuǐ黿yuánzhīnǎishìdezhùzháidàiláishàngchuánliúdào lǎoyuándào:「shèngzhīzhèxiàshuǐyuánzhīnǎishìdezhùzháidàiláishàngchuánliúdào

The old turtle said: "Great Sage, you do not know: this Mansion of the Water Turtle down below was my own dwelling, handed down from my forefathers through the generations.

Two occurrences of 黿 (yuán): 老黿 and 水黿之第. He is establishing title, in the legal sense — the mansion was his family seat before the demon took it, and the signboard has been saying so since the second passage of the chapter.

yīnxǐngběngēnyǎngchénglíngzàichùxiūxíngbèijiāngfāngàilebiànzuòshuǐ黿yuánzhī yīnxǐngběngēnyǎngchénglíngzàichùxiūxíngbèijiāngfāngàilebiànzuòshuǐyuánzhī

Because I awoke to my own root and nature and nurtured the numinous breath, and did my cultivation in this place, I rebuilt my ancestral home from top to bottom and made of it a Mansion of the Water Turtle.

此處 keeps as chù; 修行 keeps as xíng; 將祖居 takes as jiāng, handing you the object before the verb; 翻蓋了 takes as le; 黿 yuán. So he is a self-made adept: he woke up to his own nature, put in the years, and rebuilt the family house with what he had earned.

yāoxiénǎijiǔniánqiánhǎixiàofāngǎncháotóuláichùzhàngchěngxiōngwánzhēngdòubèishāngleduōérduóleduōjuàn yāoxiénǎijiǔniánqiánhǎixiàofāngǎncháotóuláichùzhàngchěngxiōngwánzhēngdòubèishāngleduōérduóleduōjuàn

That fiend, nine years ago, when the sea roared and the waves turned over, rode in on the tide-head, came to this place, and relying on his ferocity and violence, fought with me. He wounded many of my sons and daughters and carried off many of my kin.

那妖邪 points, ; 此處 keeps as chù; 傷了 and 奪了 both take as le; 兒女 takes as ér, the word for a child. The usurpation is told as a family catastrophe — children killed, relatives carried off — which is the first time in the chapter anyone has counted the demon's cost in those terms.

dòuguòjiāngcháoxuébáibáidebèizhànle dòuguòjiāngcháoxuébáibáidebèizhànle

I could not out-fight him, and my den and burrow were taken from me for nothing.

將巢穴 takes as jiāng; 占了 takes as zhàn, to seize, and as le. 白白的, for nothing, all for nothing — and this is the injury Wukong has now avenged without ever knowing it existed.

jīnméngshèngzhìjiùtángshīqǐngleguānyīnsǎojìngyāofēnshōuguàijiāngzháiháiguī jīnméngshèngzhìjiùtángshīqǐngleguānyīnsǎojìngyāofēnshōuguàijiāngzháiháiguī

Now, thanks to the Great Sage coming here to rescue the Tang master, and inviting the Guanyin Bodhisattva to sweep clean the fiendish vapours, take away the monster, and return the mansion to me,

請了 takes as le; 觀音 keeps as guān; 將第宅 takes as jiāng; 還歸 keeps as hái. He lists his restoration item by item: the demon gone, the taint swept out, the house handed back.

jīntuánluánlǎoxiǎozàiāibāngjiùshè jīntuánluánlǎoxiǎozàiāibāngjiùshè

I now have my whole household reunited, old and young, and need no more heap up earth and daub on mud, but may dwell in my old home.

團圞: (luán) means round and whole, and 團圞 is the family gathered complete — the same idea English reaches for with "the whole family under one roof." 挨土幫泥: āi, to shove up against, and bāng, to daub — the makeshift business of scraping a shelter out of the mud, which is what he has been doing for nine years. 得居 keeps as ; 舊舍 takes as shè.

ēnzhòngruòqiūshānshēnhǎi ēnzhòngruòqiūshānshēnhǎi

This kindness is heavy as a mountain, deep as the great sea.

恩重 takes as zhòng, "heavy." A mountain and the sea, paired: the standard way of saying a debt that cannot be paid off.

qiědànděngménghuìzhǐzhèzhuāngshàngrénmiǎndeniánniánsàiquánleduōshǎorénjiāér qiědànděngménghuìzhǐzhèzhuāngshàngrénmiǎndeniánniánsàiquánleduōshǎorénjiāér

And not my kind alone have had the benefit: the people of this one village are spared their yearly sacrifice, and how many households' sons and daughters are kept whole.

免得 takes as the toneless de; 祭賽 keeps as sài; 全了 takes as le; 多少 keeps as shǎo; 兒女 keeps as ér. He counts the village's children in with his own, which is generous of him and also, given what happened to his own, pointed.

chéngsuǒwèiérliǎngzhīēngǎnbào。」 chéngsuǒwèiérliǎngzhīēngǎnbào。」

This is truly what is called a kindness that gains two ends at a single stroke — how should I not repay it?"

一舉而兩得 keeps as , to gain. The turtle is quoting 一舉兩得 — one action, two gains, the exact equivalent of killing two birds with one stone — and applying it to a rescue that was never aimed at him at all.

xíngzhěwényánxīnzhōngànshōuletiěbàngdào:「duānshìzhēnshízhīqíngme?」 xíngzhěwényánxīnzhōngànshōuletiěbàngdào:「duānshìzhēnshízhīqíngme?」

Pilgrim, hearing this, was secretly glad at heart. He put away his iron rod and said: "Is this the real truth of your feeling?"

心中 keeps as zhōng; 收了 takes as le; 端的 is spoken Chinese for "really, honestly now." The rod goes away, but the interrogation does not stop.

lǎo黿yuándào:「yīnshèngēnhóngshēnzěngǎnmiù?」 lǎoyuándào:「yīnshèngēnhóngshēnzěngǎnmiù?」

The old turtle said: "Because the Great Sage's kindness and virtue are broad and deep, how should I dare speak falsely?"

老黿 keeps 黿 as yuán; 虛謬 takes as miù, false. He protests his sincerity, and gets asked to prove it.

xíngzhědào:「shìzhēnqíngcháotiānzhòu。」 xíngzhědào:「shìzhēnqíngcháotiānzhòu。」

Pilgrim said: "Since it is your true feeling, swear an oath to Heaven."

朝天賭咒: is cháo, "facing toward," and is zhòu, a curse called down on your own head. Wukong wants the oath because a creature that can talk can also lie — which is the exact reverse of the principle he will offer his master in the very next passage.

lǎo黿yuánzhāngzhehóngkǒucháotiānshìdào:「ruòzhēnqíngsòngtángsēngguòtōngtiānjiāngshēnhuàwèixuèshuǐ。」 lǎoyuánzhāngzhehóngkǒucháotiānshìdào:「ruòzhēnqíngsòngtángsēngguòtōngtiānjiāngshēnhuàwèixuèshuǐ。」

The old turtle, opening his red mouth, swore an oath to Heaven: "If I do not truly carry the Tang Monk across this River That Reaches to Heaven, may my body dissolve into a pool of blood."

那老黿 points, ; 黿 yuán; 張著 keeps as zhe; 朝天 keeps as cháo; 將身 takes as jiāng; 化為 takes as huà and as wèi, "into." The self-curse is the security Wukong asked for, and it is a big one: may I dissolve into blood.

xíngzhěxiàodào:「shàngláishànglái。」 xíngzhěxiàodào:「shàngláishànglái。」

Pilgrim laughed: "Come up, come up."

你上來, twice. The raised rod becomes a laugh, and the passage turns on that reversal.


總評 Commentary

The turtle's grievance explains the chapter's central image after the fact. That signboard has hung over the demon's gate since the reconnaissance, naming somebody who was nowhere in the story; now he steps forward and the name is his. Nine years ago the 靈感大王 rode in on a tide, killed his children, seized his relatives, and drove him out of the ancestral hall he had rebuilt with his own hard-won powers. Wukong, coming to save his master, has without the least idea of it avenged a turtle's family and restored a dispossessed adept to his home — 一舉而兩得, as the turtle puts it, one act and two goods.

The exchange also stages a last comedy of suspicion. Wukong's reflex on seeing anything at all come out of that river is to raise the rod and promise to kill it — 孽畜, accursed beast — and the turtle's bewildered protest, that he arrives in gratitude and is met with a club, is the chapter's final turn on the joke about Wukong's temper. Even convinced, he demands an oath to Heaven, and the turtle swears to dissolve into blood if he proves false.

The demand is characteristic, and it is about to become ironic. The very reason the turtle can be trusted is the one Wukong states in the next passage to calm his master — a creature that has learned human speech will not lie. He does not act on that principle here, when it is his own neck. The passage closes on the reversal that governs the rest of the chapter: the raised rod becomes a laugh, and the enemy that never was becomes the ferry.