Canonical Classics ← 第四十九回
第四十九回
三sān藏zàng有yǒu災zāi沉chén水shuǐ宅zhái
觀guān音yīn救jiù難nàn現xiàn魚yú籃lán

Tripitaka Meets Disaster and Sinks in the Water Mansion · Guanyin, Saving from Peril, Appears with the Fish Basket

水底鏖戰
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

水底鏖戰 The Battle on the Riverbed

那nà妖yāo邪xié不bù容róng分fēn說shuō,三sān家jiā變biàn臉liǎn,這zhè一yì場cháng在zài水shuǐ底dǐ下xià好hǎo殺shā:那nà妖yāo邪xié不bù容róng分fēn说shuō,三sān家jiā变biàn脸liǎn,这zhè一yì场cháng在zài水shuǐ底dǐ下xià好hǎo杀shā:

銅tóng鎚chuí寶bǎo杖zhàng與yǔ釘dīng鈀pá,悟wù能néng悟wù淨jìng戰zhàn妖yāo邪xié。铜tóng锤chuí宝bǎo杖zhàng与yǔ钉dīng钯pá,悟wù能néng悟wù净jìng战zhàn妖yāo邪xié。
一yí個gè是shì天tiān蓬péng臨lín世shì界jiè,一yí個gè是shì上shàng將jiàng降jiàng天tiān涯yá。一yí个gè是shì天tiān蓬péng临lín世shì界jiè,一yí个gè是shì上shàng将jiàng降jiàng天tiān涯yá。
他tā兩liǎng個gè夾jiā攻gōng水shuǐ怪guài施shī威wēi武wǔ,這zhè一yí個gè獨dú抵dǐ神shén僧sēng勢shì可kě誇kuā。他tā两liǎng个gè夹jiā攻gōng水shuǐ怪guài施shī威wēi武wǔ,这zhè一yí个gè独dú抵dǐ神shén僧sēng势shì可kě夸kuā。
有yǒu分fèn有yǒu緣yuán成chéng大dà道dào,相xiāng生shēng相xiāng剋kè秉bǐng恆héng沙shā。有yǒu分fèn有yǒu缘yuán成chéng大dà道dào,相xiāng生shēng相xiāng克kè秉bǐng恒héng沙shā。
土tǔ剋kè水shuǐ,水shuǐ乾gān見jiàn底dǐ;土tǔ克kè水shuǐ,水shuǐ干gān见jiàn底dǐ;
水shuǐ生shēng木mù,木mù旺wàng開kāi花huā。水shuǐ生shēng木mù,木mù旺wàng开kāi花huā。
禪chán法fǎ參cān修xiū歸guī一yì體tǐ,還huán丹dān炮páo煉liàn伏fú三sān家jiā。禅chán法fǎ参cān修xiū归guī一yì体tǐ,还huán丹dān炮páo炼liàn伏fú三sān家jiā。
土tǔ是shì母mǔ,發fā金jīn芽yá,金jīn生shēng神shén水shuǐ產chǎn嬰yīng娃wá;土tǔ是shì母mǔ,发fā金jīn芽yá,金jīn生shēng神shén水shuǐ产chǎn婴yīng娃wá;
水shuǐ為wéi本běn,潤rùn木mù華huā,木mù有yǒu輝huī煌huáng烈liè火huǒ霞xiá。水shuǐ为wéi本běn,润rùn木mù华huā,木mù有yǒu辉huī煌huáng烈liè火huǒ霞xiá。
攢cuán簇cù五wǔ行xíng皆jiē別bié異yì,故gù然rán變biàn臉liǎn各gè爭zhēng差chā。攒cuán簇cù五wǔ行xíng皆jiē别bié异yì,故gù然rán变biàn脸liǎn各gè争zhēng差chā。
看kàn他tā那nà銅tóng鎚chuí九jiǔ瓣bàn光guāng明míng好hǎo,寶bǎo杖zhàng千qiān絲sī彩cǎi繡xiù佳jiā。看kàn他tā那nà铜tóng锤chuí九jiǔ瓣bàn光guāng明míng好hǎo,宝bǎo杖zhàng千qiān丝sī彩cǎi绣xiù佳jiā。
鈀pá按àn陰yīn陽yáng分fēn九jiǔ曜yào,不bù明míng解xiè數shù亂luàn如rú麻má。钯pá按àn阴yīn阳yáng分fēn九jiǔ曜yào,不bù明míng解xiè数shù乱luàn如rú麻má。
捐juān軀qū棄qì命mìng因yīn僧sēng難nàn,捨shě死sǐ忘wàng生shēng為wèi釋shì迦jiā。捐juān躯qū弃qì命mìng因yīn僧sēng难nàn,舍shě死sǐ忘wàng生shēng为wèi释shì迦jiā。
致zhì使shǐ銅tóng鎚chuí忙máng不bú墜zhuì,左zuǒ遮zhē寶bǎo杖zhàng右yòu遮zhē鈀pá。致zhì使shǐ铜tóng锤chuí忙máng不bú坠zhuì,左zuǒ遮zhē宝bǎo杖zhàng右yòu遮zhē钯pá。

逐句解 Line by line

那nà妖yāo邪xié不bù容róng分fēn說shuō,三sān家jiā變biàn臉liǎn,這zhè一yì場cháng在zài水shuǐ底dǐ下xià好hǎo殺shā: 那nà妖yāo邪xié不bù容róng分fēn说shuō,三sān家jiā变biàn脸liǎn,这zhè一yì场cháng在zài水shuǐ底dǐ下xià好hǎo杀shā:

The fiend would hear no more of it. The three of them changed countenance, and here was a fine slaughter beneath the water:

不容分說, allowing not a word of explanation. 三家, the three parties. Then 好殺 and a colon open the battle-poem, which runs to a hundred and ninety-one characters — the longest single stretch of verse in the chapter, and half as long again as the next.

銅tóng鎚chuí寶bǎo杖zhàng與yǔ釘dīng鈀pá,悟wù能néng悟wù淨jìng戰zhàn妖yāo邪xié。 铜tóng锤chuí宝bǎo杖zhàng与yǔ钉dīng钯pá,悟wù能néng悟wù净jìng战zhàn妖yāo邪xié。

Copper mallet, precious staff, and iron-toothed rake; / Wuneng and Wujing at war with the fiend.

The poem opens on the religious names, 悟能 and 悟淨, where the prose all round it uses the nicknames. That switch is deliberate and it is a warning: what follows is not going to be a brawl but a diagram.

一yí個gè是shì天tiān蓬péng臨lín世shì界jiè,一yí個gè是shì上shàng將jiàng降jiàng天tiān涯yá。 一yí个gè是shì天tiān蓬péng临lín世shì界jiè,一yí个gè是shì上shàng将jiàng降jiàng天tiān涯yá。

The one, Heavenly Reeds come down into the world; / the other, a Senior General descended to the sky's edge.

天蓬 is Bajie's old office in Heaven, Marshal of the Heavenly Reeds. 上將 is Sha Monk, once Curtain-Raising Captain — 將 here read jiàng, a military rank. And 降天涯 takes 降 as jiàng, "to come down," which is the other half of the pair set up in the staff's poem a moment ago, where the same character was xiáng, "to subdue."

他tā兩liǎng個gè夾jiā攻gōng水shuǐ怪guài施shī威wēi武wǔ,這zhè一yí個gè獨dú抵dǐ神shén僧sēng勢shì可kě誇kuā。 他tā两liǎng个gè夹jiā攻gōng水shuǐ怪guài施shī威wēi武wǔ,这zhè一yí个gè独dú抵dǐ神shén僧sēng势shì可kě夸kuā。

Those two press the water-monster from either side in a show of arms; / this one alone withstands the holy monks, and his force is worth the praise.

The lines stretch to ten characters each just as the fighting thickens — the metre loosening with the action. 夾攻 is the attack from both sides at once.

有yǒu分fèn有yǒu緣yuán成chéng大dà道dào,相xiāng生shēng相xiāng剋kè秉bǐng恆héng沙shā。 有yǒu分fèn有yǒu缘yuán成chéng大dà道dào,相xiāng生shēng相xiāng克kè秉bǐng恒héng沙shā。

Having the portion and having the affinity, they will attain the Great Way; / begetting and overcoming by turns, they hold to sands past number.

有分: 分 is fèn, a portion allotted to you, not fēn, "to divide." 相生相剋 is the Five Phases doctrine that each element both feeds and defeats another, in two closed cycles — the system behind Chinese medicine, fortune-telling and dynastic theory alike, and here behind a fight. 相 xiāng. 恆沙, the sands of the Ganges, is the Buddhist figure for a number too large to hold.

土tǔ剋kè水shuǐ,水shuǐ乾gān見jiàn底dǐ; 土tǔ克kè水shuǐ,水shuǐ干gān见jiàn底dǐ;

Earth overcomes water, and the water dries to show its bed;

乾 is gān, "dry" — the same character also names the first trigram of the 易經, where it is qián, and that is the reading a reader is likelier to have met. Here it is simply dry. The drop to three-character lines marks the turn from telling a story to reciting a system.

水shuǐ生shēng木mù,木mù旺wàng開kāi花huā。 水shuǐ生shēng木mù,木mù旺wàng开kāi花huā。

water begets wood, and the wood grows rank and flowers.

生, begetting, and 剋, overcoming, are the two relations that link the Five Phases, and the poem sets one line of each side by side so the pattern is visible on the page.

禪chán法fǎ參cān修xiū歸guī一yì體tǐ,還huán丹dān炮páo煉liàn伏fú三sān家jiā。 禅chán法fǎ参cān修xiū归guī一yì体tǐ,还huán丹dān炮páo炼liàn伏fú三sān家jiā。

Chan practice, investigated and cultivated, returns to a single body; / the Reverted Elixir, roasted and refined, subdues the three houses.

參 cān, to look deeply into a teaching. 還丹 (huán dān), the Reverted Elixir, is a term from inner alchemy — the Daoist discipline that treats the body itself as the crucible, so the furnace, the cinnabar and the refining are all happening inside the practitioner. 還 is the verb huán, "to return," not the adverb hái. 炮 is páo, "to roast in the crucible," not pào, a cannon.

土tǔ是shì母mǔ,發fā金jīn芽yá,金jīn生shēng神shén水shuǐ產chǎn嬰yīng娃wá; 土tǔ是shì母mǔ,发fā金jīn芽yá,金jīn生shēng神shén水shuǐ产chǎn婴yīng娃wá;

Earth is the mother, and puts out the golden sprout; metal begets the divine water, which brings forth the infant;

金芽, the golden sprout, and 嬰娃, the infant — a variant of the usual 嬰兒 — are technical names for stages in the forming of the inner elixir. They belong to the Quanzhen school of Daoism, and the novel's verse reaches for this vocabulary again and again.

水shuǐ為wéi本běn,潤rùn木mù華huā,木mù有yǒu輝huī煌huáng烈liè火huǒ霞xiá。 水shuǐ为wéi本běn,润rùn木mù华huā,木mù有yǒu辉huī煌huáng烈liè火huǒ霞xiá。

water is the root, and moistens the flowering wood; wood holds a blaze of fierce and fiery light.

水為本: 為 is wéi, the linking "is" — as against the wèi, "for the sake of," that the same character takes in 為釋迦 four couplets further down. 木華: 華 is read huā, the classical equivalent of 花, a flower. It has to be the noun, because it is standing in strict parallel with the golden sprout of the line before — golden sprout against wood's bloom — and both fit the rhyme equally well, so the sentence pattern is what decides it.

攢cuán簇cù五wǔ行xíng皆jiē別bié異yì,故gù然rán變biàn臉liǎn各gè爭zhēng差chā。 攒cuán簇cù五wǔ行xíng皆jiē别bié异yì,故gù然rán变biàn脸liǎn各gè争zhēng差chā。

The Five Phases gathered close are each of them distinct; / and so their faces alter, each at variance with the rest.

攢簇 (cuán cù), gathering into a tight cluster, is another inner-alchemy term: drawing the Five Phases together into one point. 攢 is cuán, not the commoner zǎn. 爭差 is a Yuan and Ming spoken compound for a discrepancy or a mishap, and takes 差 as the noun chā rather than the verb chà.

看kàn他tā那nà銅tóng鎚chuí九jiǔ瓣bàn光guāng明míng好hǎo,寶bǎo杖zhàng千qiān絲sī彩cǎi繡xiù佳jiā。 看kàn他tā那nà铜tóng锤chuí九jiǔ瓣bàn光guāng明míng好hǎo,宝bǎo杖zhàng千qiān丝sī彩cǎi绣xiù佳jiā。

Look at that copper mallet — nine petals, bright and fine; / the precious staff with its thousand threads of coloured broidery.

看他那, "look at that" — the storyteller's gesture, but here it comes in the middle of a poem already running, not at the head of a new one, so the verse simply carries on. 那 points, nà.

鈀pá按àn陰yīn陽yáng分fēn九jiǔ曜yào,不bù明míng解xiè數shù亂luàn如rú麻má。 钯pá按àn阴yīn阳yáng分fēn九jiǔ曜yào,不bù明míng解xiè数shù乱luàn如rú麻má。

The rake, ordered by yin and yang, is parcelled among the Nine Luminaries; / not knowing the moves, all is as tangled as hemp.

九曜, the Nine Luminaries of the Chinese calendar — sun, moon, the five visible planets and two invisible ones. 解數 is read xiè shù, a set of martial moves, and not the commoner jiě; the older reading survives in the living idiom 渾身解數, "every move in the book." 數 shù, the noun.

捐juān軀qū棄qì命mìng因yīn僧sēng難nàn,捨shě死sǐ忘wàng生shēng為wèi釋shì迦jiā。 捐juān躯qū弃qì命mìng因yīn僧sēng难nàn,舍shě死sǐ忘wàng生shēng为wèi释shì迦jiā。

They give up the body and cast away life because of the monk's peril; / they abandon death and forget living for the sake of Śākya.

僧難: 難 is nàn, the noun "calamity." 為釋迦: 為 is wèi, "for the sake of" — the promised opposite of the wéi four couplets above.

致zhì使shǐ銅tóng鎚chuí忙máng不bú墜zhuì,左zuǒ遮zhē寶bǎo杖zhàng右yòu遮zhē鈀pá。 致zhì使shǐ铜tóng锤chuí忙máng不bú坠zhuì,左zuǒ遮zhē宝bǎo杖zhàng右yòu遮zhē钯pá。

So the copper mallet is kept busy and never falls slack, / warding off the staff on the left and the rake on the right.

忙不墜, busy and never letting up. The poem ends where a scorecard would: one demon holding off two weapons at once, and nobody an inch ahead.


總評 Commentary

This is the formal centre of the chapter, and it does something the prose around it cannot: it reads the fight as a diagram. Four couplets of ordinary battle-description, and then the metre breaks apart into three- and four-character lines and the whole vocabulary changes — 相生相剋, 土剋水, 水生木, 還丹, 金芽, 嬰娃, 攢簇五行. These are the working terms of inner alchemy as the Quanzhen school uses them, and the novel deploys them in its verse to insist that the pilgrimage is not merely a journey but a process, an elixir being refined in narrative form.

The doctrine is not decoration here, and the joke is precise. Two water-natured pilgrims are fighting a water demon in his own element. The poem states, flatly, the relation that would settle it — 土剋水, earth overcomes water — and earth is exactly what none of the three fighters can supply. So the poem closes on a stalemate, the mallet holding off staff and rake at once, and the chapter will have to go outside the party to find its answer.

One point of craft: the 看他那 in the eleventh couplet is the storyteller's "look at that," dropped into the middle of a poem already running rather than opening a new one, and the verse simply continues through it.