Canonical Classics ← 第四十九回
第四十九回
三sān藏zàng有yǒu災zāi沉chén水shuǐ宅zhái
觀guān音yīn救jiù難nàn現xiàn魚yú籃lán

Tripitaka Meets Disaster and Sinks in the Water Mansion · Guanyin, Saving from Peril, Appears with the Fish Basket

菩薩削篾
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

菩薩削篾 Guanyin at Her Weaving

行xíng者zhě久jiǔ等děng不bú見jiàn,心xīn焦jiāo道dào:「列liè位wèi與yǔ我wǒ傳chuán報bào一yì聲shēng,但dàn遲chí了le,恐kǒng傷shāng吾wú師shī之zhī命mìng。」諸zhū天tiān道dào:「不bù敢gǎn報bào,菩pú薩sà吩fēn咐fù,只zhǐ等děng他tā自zì出chū來lái哩li。」行xíng者zhě性xìng急jí,那nǎ裡lǐ等děng得dé,急jí縱zòng身shēn往wǎng裡lǐ便biàn走zǒu。噫yī!行xíng者zhě久jiǔ等děng不bú见jiàn,心xīn焦jiāo道dào:「列liè位wèi与yǔ我wǒ传chuán报bào一yì声shēng,但dàn迟chí了le,恐kǒng伤shāng吾wú师shī之zhī命mìng。」诸zhū天tiān道dào:「不bù敢gǎn报bào,菩pú萨sà吩fēn咐fù,只zhǐ等děng他tā自zì出chū来lái哩li。」行xíng者zhě性xìng急jí,那nǎ里lǐ等děng得dé,急jí纵zòng身shēn往wǎng里lǐ便biàn走zǒu。噫yī!

這zhè個gè美měi猴hóu王wáng,性xìng急jí能néng鵲què薄báo。这zhè个gè美měi猴hóu王wáng,性xìng急jí能néng鹊què薄báo。
諸zhū天tiān留liú不bú住zhù,要yào往wǎng裡lǐ邊biān蹕bì。诸zhū天tiān留liú不bú住zhù,要yào往wǎng里lǐ边biān跸bì。
拽zhuài步bù入rù深shēn林lín,睜zhēng眼yǎn偷tōu覷qù著zhe。拽zhuài步bù入rù深shēn林lín,睁zhēng眼yǎn偷tōu觑qù着zhe。
遠yuǎn觀guān救jiù苦kǔ尊zūn,盤pán坐zuò襯chèn殘cán箬ruò。远yuǎn观guān救jiù苦kǔ尊zūn,盘pán坐zuò衬chèn残cán箬ruò。
懶lǎn散sǎn怕pà梳shū妝zhuāng,容róng顏yán多duō綽chuò約yuē。懒lǎn散sǎn怕pà梳shū妆zhuāng,容róng颜yán多duō绰chuò约yuē。
散sǎn挽wǎn一yì窩wō絲sī,未wèi曾céng戴dài纓yīng絡luò。散sǎn挽wǎn一yì窝wō丝sī,未wèi曾céng戴dài缨yīng络luò。
不bú掛guà素sù藍lán袍páo,貼tiē身shēn小xiǎo襖ǎo縛fù。不bú挂guà素sù蓝lán袍páo,贴tiē身shēn小xiǎo袄ǎo缚fù。
漫màn腰yāo束shù錦jǐn裙qún,赤chì了le一yì雙shuāng腳jiǎo。漫màn腰yāo束shù锦jǐn裙qún,赤chì了le一yì双shuāng脚jiǎo。
披pī肩jiān繡xiù帶dài無wú,精jīng光guāng兩liǎng臂bì膊bó。披pī肩jiān绣xiù带dài无wú,精jīng光guāng两liǎng臂bì膊bó。
玉yù手shǒu執zhí鋼gāng刀dāo,正zhèng把bǎ竹zhú皮pí削xuē。玉yù手shǒu执zhí钢gāng刀dāo,正zhèng把bǎ竹zhú皮pí削xuē。

逐句解 Line by line

行xíng者zhě久jiǔ等děng不bú見jiàn,心xīn焦jiāo道dào:「列liè位wèi與yǔ我wǒ傳chuán報bào一yì聲shēng,但dàn遲chí了le,恐kǒng傷shāng吾wú師shī之zhī命mìng。」 行xíng者zhě久jiǔ等děng不bú见jiàn,心xīn焦jiāo道dào:「列liè位wèi与yǔ我wǒ传chuán报bào一yì声shēng,但dàn迟chí了le,恐kǒng伤shāng吾wú师shī之zhī命mìng。」

Pilgrim waited a long while and still she did not appear. Growing anxious, he said: "Sirs, take word in for me — if it is delayed, I fear for my master's life."

心焦, anxious; 遲了 takes 了 as the tag le. His impatience is the engine of the whole scene — it is what drives him past the attendants and into the grove uninvited.

諸zhū天tiān道dào:「不bù敢gǎn報bào,菩pú薩sà吩fēn咐fù,只zhǐ等děng他tā自zì出chū來lái哩li。」 诸zhū天tiān道dào:「不bù敢gǎn报bào,菩pú萨sà吩fēn咐fù,只zhǐ等děng他tā自zì出chū来lái哩li。」

The Devas said: "We dare not report you. The Bodhisattva's charge was only to wait until she comes out of herself."

哩, the spoken tag, li. The attendants' refusal is the obstacle, and Wukong does with it what he does with every obstacle.

行xíng者zhě性xìng急jí,那nǎ裡lǐ等děng得dé,急jí縱zòng身shēn往wǎng裡lǐ便biàn走zǒu。 行xíng者zhě性xìng急jí,那nǎ里lǐ等děng得dé,急jí纵zòng身shēn往wǎng里lǐ便biàn走zǒu。

Pilgrim was hasty by nature; how could he wait there? He sprang up in a bound and went straight in.

那裡等得: 那裡 asks, 那 nǎ, but asks rhetorically — "how was he going to wait?", which is a no dressed as a question. 得 dé. The rashness is essential to him, and the poem will make it the very first thing it says.

噫yī! 噫yī!

Ah!

噫 (yī) is the spoken cry of astonishment, standing here as a whole sentence by itself. It is also the cue: ten couplets follow, describing the Bodhisattva exactly as Wukong bursts in on her.

這zhè個gè美měi猴hóu王wáng,性xìng急jí能néng鵲què薄báo。 这zhè个gè美měi猴hóu王wáng,性xìng急jí能néng鹊què薄báo。

This Handsome Monkey King, hasty of temper and flighty with it;

鵲薄 is a colloquial pairing for flighty, rash, quick off the mark, with 薄 in its everyday sense of thin or slight, báo. Note where the portrait begins. Not with Guanyin at all, but with the rashness that has dragged the reader into the grove.

諸zhū天tiān留liú不bú住zhù,要yào往wǎng裡lǐ邊biān蹕bì。 诸zhū天tiān留liú不bú住zhù,要yào往wǎng里lǐ边biān跸bì。

the Devas could not hold him, as he made to stride within.

蹕 (bì) properly means clearing the road ahead of a royal progress — outriders shooing people off the street so the emperor can pass. Applied to Wukong shouldering through a bamboo thicket it is comic, and the comedy is the point.

拽zhuài步bù入rù深shēn林lín,睜zhēng眼yǎn偷tōu覷qù著zhe。 拽zhuài步bù入rù深shēn林lín,睁zhēng眼yǎn偷tōu觑qù着zhe。

Dragging his steps into the deep grove, he opened his eyes and stole a look:

拽步: 拽 is zhuài, to drag or to stride, and the commoner zhuāi is a trap with this character. 偷覷著: 覷 qù, to peer; 著 zhe.

遠yuǎn觀guān救jiù苦kǔ尊zūn,盤pán坐zuò襯chèn殘cán箬ruò。 远yuǎn观guān救jiù苦kǔ尊zūn,盘pán坐zuò衬chèn残cán箬ruò。

from afar he beheld the Reliever of Suffering, seated cross-legged on a worn rush mat.

遠觀: 觀 guān. 救苦尊, the Reliever of Suffering, is one of Guanyin's standing epithets. 殘箬: 箬 (ruò) is the broad leaf of a bamboo, and here it is the worn mat she is sitting on — which is to say, she is on the ground, and not on the lotus throne.

懶lǎn散sǎn怕pà梳shū妝zhuāng,容róng顏yán多duō綽chuò約yuē。 懒lǎn散sǎn怕pà梳shū妆zhuāng,容róng颜yán多duō绰chuò约yuē。

Idle and loose, she had shrunk from dressing her hair; her face and features were soft and lovely still.

懶散: 散 sǎn, the adjective, loose and idle. 綽約: 綽 chuò — an old pairing for supple, graceful beauty. The couplet registers the astonishing informality: she has not done her hair.

散sǎn挽wǎn一yì窩wō絲sī,未wèi曾céng戴dài纓yīng絡luò。 散sǎn挽wǎn一yì窝wō丝sī,未wèi曾céng戴dài缨yīng络luò。

Her hair was gathered loosely in a single coil, not yet bound up with its tasselled net;

散挽: 散 sǎn again. 纓絡 is written for 瓔珞, the jewelled net that would normally bind and crown the hair in every image of her. Its absence is the whole line.

不bú掛guà素sù藍lán袍páo,貼tiē身shēn小xiǎo襖ǎo縛fù。 不bú挂guà素sù蓝lán袍páo,贴tiē身shēn小xiǎo袄ǎo缚fù。

she wore no plain blue robe, but a small close-fitting jacket bound to the body;

素藍袍 is the plain blue robe of her standard iconography; 小襖 is a short everyday jacket, the sort anyone would wear about the house. The poem is stripping her, item by item, of the entire wardrobe her paintings are made of.

漫màn腰yāo束shù錦jǐn裙qún,赤chì了le一yì雙shuāng腳jiǎo。 漫màn腰yāo束shù锦jǐn裙qún,赤chì了le一yì双shuāng脚jiǎo。

a brocade skirt loosely sashed at the waist, and a pair of feet left bare.

赤了一雙腳: 赤 is "bare," and 了 is the tag le. Bare feet on a bodhisattva are startling — in the images she is always shod, always composed. This is the mark of someone caught in the middle of a job.

披pī肩jiān繡xiù帶dài無wú,精jīng光guāng兩liǎng臂bì膊bó。 披pī肩jiān绣xiù带dài无wú,精jīng光guāng两liǎng臂bì膊bó。

No embroidered stole across her shoulders; her two arms bright and bare.

臂膊: 膊 bó, the upper arm. 精光, bare as bare. The list of what she is not wearing has now run nine couplets; the tenth will finally say what she is doing.

玉yù手shǒu執zhí鋼gāng刀dāo,正zhèng把bǎ竹zhú皮pí削xuē。 玉yù手shǒu执zhí钢gāng刀dāo,正zhèng把bǎ竹zhú皮pí削xuē。

In her jade hand she held a steel knife, and was paring strips of bamboo skin.

And there it is. 削 is paring or whittling — shaving thin strips off with a blade; 竹皮 is the hard green outer skin of the bamboo, which is exactly what a basket-weaver strips and splits. Ten couplets have withheld this: the Bodhisattva of Mercy, undressed and barefoot on a worn mat, whittling bamboo with a steel knife.


總評 Commentary

This is the centre of the chapter and one of the most quietly astonishing images in the novel. Guanyin is shown stripped of every attribute her paintings are built from — no blue robe, no jewelled chaplet, no embroidered stole, hair uncoiled, arms bare, feet bare — sitting not on the lotus throne but on a worn rush mat, paring bamboo with a steel knife. The poem is constructed as a sustained withholding: nine couplets say what she is not wearing and where she is not sitting, and only the tenth shows the knife and the bamboo. Arriving with Wukong, the reader is made to see her exactly as he does, unprepared and at manual work.

The informality has a point to make. She has laid aside every mark of her office in order to weave, with her own hands, the humble thing — a bamboo basket — that will accomplish what every weapon in the chapter could not.

And the poem frames all this with a joke in its very first couplet. It opens not on Guanyin's serenity but on Wukong's rashness, 性急能鵲薄, and describes his headlong entrance with the word 蹕 — the clearing of the road ahead of a royal procession. He comes crashing through the bamboo like an emperor's outriders, and finds a goddess doing chores. The power of the scene is in that collision, supreme compassion and homely labour, and the novel trusts the picture to carry it without one word of explanation.