第三回 · 冥司上表 The Underworld's Memorial — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

冥司上表 The Underworld's Memorial

下xià面miàn又yòu有yǒu葛gě仙xiān翁wēng天tiān師shī啟qǐ奏zòu道dào：「萬wàn歲suì，有yǒu冥míng司sī秦qín廣guǎng王wáng賫jī奉fèng幽yōu冥míng教jiào主zhǔ地dì藏zàng王wáng菩pú薩sà表biǎo文wén進jìn上shàng。」傍páng有yǒu傳chuán言yán玉yù女nǚ接jiē上shàng表biǎo文wén。玉yù皇huáng亦yì從cóng頭tóu看kàn過guò。表biǎo曰yuē：「幽yōu冥míng境jìng界jiè，乃nǎi地dì之zhī陰yīn司sī。天tiān有yǒu神shén而ér地dì有yǒu鬼guǐ，陰yīn陽yáng輪lún轉zhuàn；禽qín有yǒu生shēng而ér獸shòu有yǒu死sǐ，反fǎn復fù雌cí雄xióng。生shēng生shēng化huà化huà，孕yùn女nǚ成chéng男nán，此cǐ自zì然rán之zhī數shù，不bù能néng易yì也yě。今jīn有yǒu花huā果guǒ山shān水shuǐ簾lián洞dòng天tiān產chǎn妖yāo猴hóu孫sūn悟wù空kōng，逞chěng惡è行xíng兇xiōng，不bù服fú拘jū喚huàn。弄nòng神shén通tōng，打dǎ絕jué九jiǔ幽yōu鬼guǐ使shǐ；恃shì勢shì力lì，驚jīng傷shāng十shí代dài慈cí王wáng。大dà鬧nào森sēn羅luó，強qiáng銷xiāo名míng號hào。致zhì使shǐ猴hóu屬shǔ之zhī類lèi無wú拘jū，獼mí猴hóu之zhī畜chù多duō壽shòu；寂jì滅miè輪lún迴huí，各gè無wú生shēng死sǐ。貧pín僧sēng具jù表biǎo，冒mào瀆dú天tiān威wēi。伏fú乞qǐ調diào遣qiǎn神shén兵bīng，收shōu降xiáng此cǐ妖yāo，整zhěng理lǐ陰yīn陽yáng，永yǒng安ān地dì府fǔ。謹jǐn奏zòu。」玉yù皇huáng覽lǎn畢bì，傳chuán旨zhǐ：「著zhuó冥míng君jūn回huí歸guī地dì府fǔ，朕zhèn即jí遣qiǎn將jiàng擒qín拿ná。」秦qín廣guǎng王wáng亦yì頓dùn首shǒu謝xiè去qù。下xià面miàn又yòu有yǒu葛gě仙xiān翁wēng天tiān师shī启qǐ奏zòu道dào：「万wàn岁suì，有yǒu冥míng司sī秦qín广guǎng王wáng赍jī奉fèng幽yōu冥míng教jiào主zhǔ地dì藏zàng王wáng菩pú萨sà表biǎo文wén进jìn上shàng。」傍páng有yǒu传chuán言yán玉yù女nǚ接jiē上shàng表biǎo文wén。玉yù皇huáng亦yì从cóng头tóu看kàn过guò。表biǎo曰yuē：「幽yōu冥míng境jìng界jiè，乃nǎi地dì之zhī阴yīn司sī。天tiān有yǒu神shén而ér地dì有yǒu鬼guǐ，阴yīn阳yáng轮lún转zhuàn；禽qín有yǒu生shēng而ér兽shòu有yǒu死sǐ，反fǎn复fù雌cí雄xióng。生shēng生shēng化huà化huà，孕yùn女nǚ成chéng男nán，此cǐ自zì然rán之zhī数shù，不bù能néng易yì也yě。今jīn有yǒu花huā果guǒ山shān水shuǐ帘lián洞dòng天tiān产chǎn妖yāo猴hóu孙sūn悟wù空kōng，逞chěng恶è行xíng凶xiōng，不bù服fú拘jū唤huàn。弄nòng神shén通tōng，打dǎ绝jué九jiǔ幽yōu鬼guǐ使shǐ；恃shì势shì力lì，惊jīng伤shāng十shí代dài慈cí王wáng。大dà闹nào森sēn罗luó，强qiáng销xiāo名míng号hào。致zhì使shǐ猴hóu属shǔ之zhī类lèi无wú拘jū，猕mí猴hóu之zhī畜chù多duō寿shòu；寂jì灭miè轮lún回huí，各gè无wú生shēng死sǐ。贫pín僧sēng具jù表biǎo，冒mào渎dú天tiān威wēi。伏fú乞qǐ调diào遣qiǎn神shén兵bīng，收shōu降xiáng此cǐ妖yāo，整zhěng理lǐ阴yīn阳yáng，永yǒng安ān地dì府fǔ。谨jǐn奏zòu。」玉yù皇huáng览lǎn毕bì，传chuán旨zhǐ：「著zhuó冥míng君jūn回huí归guī地dì府fǔ，朕zhèn即jí遣qiǎn将jiàng擒qín拿ná。」秦qín广guǎng王wáng亦yì顿dùn首shǒu谢xiè去qù。

逐句解 Line by line

下xià面miàn又yòu有yǒu葛gě仙xiān翁wēng天tiān師shī啟qǐ奏zòu道dào：「萬wàn歲suì，有yǒu冥míng司sī秦qín廣guǎng王wáng賫jī奉fèng幽yōu冥míng教jiào主zhǔ地dì藏zàng王wáng菩pú薩sà表biǎo文wén進jìn上shàng。」下xià面miàn又yòu有yǒu葛gě仙xiān翁wēng天tiān师shī启qǐ奏zòu道dào：「万wàn岁suì，有yǒu冥míng司sī秦qín广guǎng王wáng赍jī奉fèng幽yōu冥míng教jiào主zhǔ地dì藏zàng王wáng菩pú萨sà表biǎo文wén进jìn上shàng。」

Below, the Heavenly Master, Immortal Elder Ge, came forward and memorialized: 'Your Majesty, King Qinguang of the underworld offices respectfully presents a memorial from the Lord of the Dark Realm, the Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha.'

葛仙翁天師 — "the Heavenly Master, Immortal Elder Ge" (葛仙翁, the deified Ge Xuan); 葛 the surname gě, 翁 wēng. 冥司 — "the offices of the underworld." 賫奉 — "to present respectfully"; 賫 (= 齎) jī, "to carry up, present." 幽冥教主地藏王菩薩 — "the Lord of the Dark Realm, the Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha"; 教主 ("religious lord") 教 jiào; 地藏 zàng. The underworld's petition is filed in the name of its true sovereign, the great vow-bearing Bodhisattva.

傍páng有yǒu傳chuán言yán玉yù女nǚ接jiē上shàng表biǎo文wén。玉yù皇huáng亦yì從cóng頭tóu看kàn過guò。表biǎo曰yuē：傍páng有yǒu传chuán言yán玉yù女nǚ接jiē上shàng表biǎo文wén。玉yù皇huáng亦yì从cóng头tóu看kàn过guò。表biǎo曰yuē：

Beside him a herald jade-maiden took up the memorial, and the Jade Emperor likewise read it through from the start. The memorial said:

傳言玉女 — "a herald jade-maiden"; 傍 páng (= 旁). 亦 — "likewise." 表曰 — "the memorial said."

「幽yōu冥míng境jìng界jiè，乃nǎi地dì之zhī陰yīn司sī。天tiān有yǒu神shén而ér地dì有yǒu鬼guǐ，陰yīn陽yáng輪lún轉zhuàn；禽qín有yǒu生shēng而ér獸shòu有yǒu死sǐ，反fǎn復fù雌cí雄xióng。「幽yōu冥míng境jìng界jiè，乃nǎi地dì之zhī阴yīn司sī。天tiān有yǒu神shén而ér地dì有yǒu鬼guǐ，阴yīn阳yáng轮lún转zhuàn；禽qín有yǒu生shēng而ér兽shòu有yǒu死sǐ，反fǎn复fù雌cí雄xióng。

'The realm of darkness is the shadow-office of the earth. Heaven has its gods and Earth its ghosts; yin and yang revolve in turn. Birds have their birth and beasts their death; male and female alternate again and again.'

The petition opens not with grievance but with cosmology — a small treatise on the natural order it accuses Wukong of violating. 陰陽輪轉 — "yin and yang revolve"; 輪轉 lún-zhuàn, 轉 reading zhuàn ("to revolve, cycle"). 反復雌雄 — "male and female alternate again and again"; 雌 cí. The balanced 而-clauses (天有神而地有鬼 / 禽有生而獸有死) are the parallel-prose frame.

生shēng生shēng化huà化huà，孕yùn女nǚ成chéng男nán，此cǐ自zì然rán之zhī數shù，不bù能néng易yì也yě。生shēng生shēng化huà化huà，孕yùn女nǚ成chéng男nán，此cǐ自zì然rán之zhī数shù，不bù能néng易yì也yě。

'Generation upon generation, transformation upon transformation, conceiving females and forming males — this is the order of nature, and it cannot be altered.'

生生化化 — "endless generation and transformation," a phrase of cosmic process. 孕女成男 — "conceiving females and forming males." 此自然之數，不能易也 — "this is the order (數) of nature and cannot be changed" — the doctrinal premise: birth-and-death is the law Wukong has broken.

今jīn有yǒu花huā果guǒ山shān水shuǐ簾lián洞dòng天tiān產chǎn妖yāo猴hóu孫sūn悟wù空kōng，逞chěng惡è行xíng兇xiōng，不bù服fú拘jū喚huàn。今jīn有yǒu花huā果guǒ山shān水shuǐ帘lián洞dòng天tiān产chǎn妖yāo猴hóu孙sūn悟wù空kōng，逞chěng恶è行xíng凶xiōng，不bù服fú拘jū唤huàn。

'Now there is one Sun Wukong, a Heaven-born demon-monkey of the Water-Curtain Cave on the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit, who indulges in evil and works violence and will not submit to summons.'

天產妖猴 — "Heaven-born demon-monkey"; 產 chǎn. 逞惡行兇 — "indulges in evil and works violence"; 逞 chěng, 行 xíng. 不服拘喚 — "will not submit to summons"; 不 bù, 服 fú.

弄nòng神shén通tōng，打dǎ絕jué九jiǔ幽yōu鬼guǐ使shǐ；恃shì勢shì力lì，驚jīng傷shāng十shí代dài慈cí王wáng。大dà鬧nào森sēn羅luó，強qiáng銷xiāo名míng號hào。弄nòng神shén通tōng，打dǎ绝jué九jiǔ幽yōu鬼guǐ使shǐ；恃shì势shì力lì，惊jīng伤shāng十shí代dài慈cí王wáng。大dà闹nào森sēn罗luó，强qiáng销xiāo名míng号hào。

'He worked his magic and killed off the ghost-runners of the Nine Shades; relying on his power, he terrified the Ten Merciful Kings; he raised an uproar in the Hall of Darkness and forcibly erased the names.'

打絕九幽鬼使 — "killed off the ghost-runners of the Nine Shades"; 絕 jué, 九幽 ("the Nine Shades," the underworld). 恃勢力 — "relying on his power"; 恃 shì. 十代慈王 — "the Ten Merciful Kings" (the 十代冥王); 慈 cí. 大鬧森羅 — "raised an uproar in the Hall of Darkness"; 鬧 nào. 強銷名號 — "forcibly erased the names"; 銷 xiāo.

致zhì使shǐ猴hóu屬shǔ之zhī類lèi無wú拘jū，獼mí猴hóu之zhī畜chù多duō壽shòu；寂jì滅miè輪lún迴huí，各gè無wú生shēng死sǐ。致zhì使shǐ猴hóu属shǔ之zhī类lèi无wú拘jū，猕mí猴hóu之zhī畜chù多duō寿shòu；寂jì灭miè轮lún回huí，各gè无wú生shēng死sǐ。

'Thereby he has caused the monkey-kind to go unbound and the macaque beasts to be long-lived, the cycle of birth-and-death extinguished, each of them without life or death.'

致使 — "thereby causing." 猴屬之類無拘 — "the monkey-kind to go unbound." 獼猴之畜多壽 — "the macaque beasts to be long-lived"; 獼 mí, 畜 chù ("beast"). 寂滅輪迴 — "the round of saṃsāra extinguished"; 輪迴 lún-huí (迴 = 回), the Buddhist cycle of rebirth — the precise harm the underworld reports.

貧pín僧sēng具jù表biǎo，冒mào瀆dú天tiān威wēi。伏fú乞qǐ調diào遣qiǎn神shén兵bīng，收shōu降xiáng此cǐ妖yāo，整zhěng理lǐ陰yīn陽yáng，永yǒng安ān地dì府fǔ。謹jǐn奏zòu。」贫pín僧sēng具jù表biǎo，冒mào渎dú天tiān威wēi。伏fú乞qǐ调diào遣qiǎn神shén兵bīng，收shōu降xiáng此cǐ妖yāo，整zhěng理lǐ阴yīn阳yáng，永yǒng安ān地dì府fǔ。谨jǐn奏zòu。」

'This humble monk submits this memorial, presuming to offend the celestial majesty, and humbly begs that divine troops be dispatched to subdue this demon, to set yin and yang in order and forever secure the nether courts. Respectfully submitted.'

貧僧 — "this poor monk," the Bodhisattva's humble self-designation (the memorial speaks in Kṣitigarbha's voice). 具表 — "submits a memorial." 冒瀆天威 — "presuming to profane the celestial majesty"; 瀆 dú. 調遣神兵 — "to dispatch divine troops"; 調 diào ("to deploy"). 收降此妖 — "subdue this demon"; 降 xiáng ("to subdue, accept surrender"). 永安地府 — "forever secure the nether courts." 謹奏 — "respectfully submitted," the memorial's close.

玉yù皇huáng覽lǎn畢bì，傳chuán旨zhǐ：「著zhuó冥míng君jūn回huí歸guī地dì府fǔ，朕zhèn即jí遣qiǎn將jiàng擒qín拿ná。」秦qín廣guǎng王wáng亦yì頓dùn首shǒu謝xiè去qù。玉yù皇huáng览lǎn毕bì，传chuán旨zhǐ：「著zhuó冥míng君jūn回huí归guī地dì府fǔ，朕zhèn即jí遣qiǎn将jiàng擒qín拿ná。」秦qín广guǎng王wáng亦yì顿dùn首shǒu谢xiè去qù。

The Jade Emperor finished reading and issued a decree: 'Let the underworld lord return to the nether courts; We shall at once dispatch generals to seize him.' King Qinguang too kowtowed his thanks and withdrew.

覽畢 — "finished reading"; 覽 lǎn, 畢 bì. 著冥君回歸地府 — "ordered the underworld lord back"; 著 the causative zhuó. 朕 — the imperial "We." 遣將擒拿 — 將 jiàng. 亦頓首 — "too kowtowed."

總評 Commentary

The underworld's memorial mirrors the dragon's in form but raises the stakes in content. Where Ao Guang complained of personal injury, the petition filed in Kṣitigarbha's name opens with a miniature cosmology — Heaven's gods and Earth's ghosts, the revolution of yin and yang, the unalterable "order of nature" (自然之數) by which all things are born and die. Wukong's offense is thereby reframed as metaphysical rather than merely criminal: by striking the monkey-clan from the registers he has broken the law of birth-and-death itself, extinguishing saṃsāra (輪迴) for an entire species. The doctrinal preamble gives the chapter's comedy its theological ballast.

With this second memorial the chapter's architecture is complete: two outrages (the sea, the underworld), two formal petitions, both now laid before the Jade Emperor, both answered with the same curt promise of generals. Anthony C. Yu and Plaks alike note how this doubling builds the case against Wukong into a cosmic indictment — not the grievance of one offended party but a convergence of complaints from the very structures of the world, compelling Heaven to act. That the underworld speaks through the merciful Kṣitigarbha — the Bodhisattva who vows to empty the hells — lends the accusation a peculiar gravity: even compassion itself petitions against the mind-monkey's lawless freedom. The council that follows, and the fateful choice to summon rather than to smite, is the chapter's final movement.