第三回 · 封將設宴 The Banquet and the Generals — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

封將設宴 The Banquet and the Generals

此cǐ時shí遂suì大dà開kāi旗qí鼓gǔ，響xiǎng振zhèn銅tóng鑼luó，廣guǎng設shè珍zhēn饈xiū百bǎi味wèi，滿mǎn斟zhēn椰yē液yè萄táo漿jiāng，與yǔ眾zhòng飲yǐn宴yàn多duō時shí，卻què又yòu依yī前qián教jiào演yǎn。猴hóu王wáng將jiāng那nà四sì個gè老lǎo猴hóu封fēng為wéi健jiàn將jiàng，將jiāng兩liǎng個gè赤chì尻kāo馬mǎ猴hóu喚huàn做zuò馬mǎ流liú二èr元yuán帥shuài，兩liǎng個gè通tōng背bèi猿yuán猴hóu喚huàn做zuò崩bēng芭bā二èr將jiàng軍jūn。將jiāng那nà安ān營yíng下xià寨zhài、賞shǎng罰fá諸zhū事shì，都dōu付fù與yǔ四sì健jiàn將jiàng維wéi持chí。此cǐ时shí遂suì大dà开kāi旗qí鼓gǔ，响xiǎng振zhèn铜tóng锣luó，广guǎng设shè珍zhēn馐xiū百bǎi味wèi，满mǎn斟zhēn椰yē液yè萄táo浆jiāng，与yǔ众zhòng饮yǐn宴yàn多duō时shí，却què又yòu依yī前qián教jiào演yǎn。猴hóu王wáng将jiāng那nà四sì个gè老lǎo猴hóu封fēng为wéi健jiàn将jiàng，将jiāng两liǎng个gè赤chì尻kāo马mǎ猴hóu唤huàn做zuò马mǎ流liú二èr元yuán帅shuài，两liǎng个gè通tōng背bèi猿yuán猴hóu唤huàn做zuò崩bēng芭bā二èr将jiàng军jūn。将jiāng那nà安ān营yíng下xià寨zhài、赏shǎng罚fá诸zhū事shì，都dōu付fù与yǔ四sì健jiàn将jiàng维wéi持chí。

逐句解 Line by line

此cǐ時shí遂suì大dà開kāi旗qí鼓gǔ，響xiǎng振zhèn銅tóng鑼luó，廣guǎng設shè珍zhēn饈xiū百bǎi味wèi，滿mǎn斟zhēn椰yē液yè萄táo漿jiāng，與yǔ眾zhòng飲yǐn宴yàn多duō時shí，卻què又yòu依yī前qián教jiào演yǎn。此cǐ时shí遂suì大dà开kāi旗qí鼓gǔ，响xiǎng振zhèn铜tóng锣luó，广guǎng设shè珍zhēn馐xiū百bǎi味wèi，满mǎn斟zhēn椰yē液yè萄táo浆jiāng，与yǔ众zhòng饮yǐn宴yàn多duō时shí，却què又yòu依yī前qián教jiào演yǎn。

At this he threw open a great display of flags and drums, set the bronze gongs ringing, laid out rare delicacies of a hundred flavors, and poured brimming cups of coconut-liquor and grape-wine; he feasted with the throng for a good while, and then drilled them as before.

遂 — "thereupon." 響振銅鑼 — "set the bronze gongs ringing." 珍饈百味 — "rare delicacies of a hundred flavors"; 饈 (xiū) "fine food." 滿斟椰液萄漿 — "poured brimming cups of coconut-liquor and grape-wine"; 斟 (zhēn) "to pour," 椰 (yē) coconut, 萄漿 (táo jiāng) "grape-wine." 依前教演 — "drilled as before," 教 the causative jiào.

猴hóu王wáng將jiāng那nà四sì個gè老lǎo猴hóu封fēng為wéi健jiàn將jiàng，將jiāng兩liǎng個gè赤chì尻kāo馬mǎ猴hóu喚huàn做zuò馬mǎ流liú二èr元yuán帥shuài，兩liǎng個gè通tōng背bèi猿yuán猴hóu喚huàn做zuò崩bēng芭bā二èr將jiàng軍jūn。猴hóu王wáng将jiāng那nà四sì个gè老lǎo猴hóu封fēng为wéi健jiàn将jiàng，将jiāng两liǎng个gè赤chì尻kāo马mǎ猴hóu唤huàn做zuò马mǎ流liú二èr元yuán帅shuài，两liǎng个gè通tōng背bèi猿yuán猴hóu唤huàn做zuò崩bēng芭bā二èr将jiàng军jūn。

The Monkey King enfeoffed the four old monkeys as Stalwart Generals; the two bare-rumped horse-apes he named the two Marshals Maliu, and the two long-armed gibbons the two Generals Bengba.

將 the object-marker jiāng (twice). 封為健將 — "enfeoffed as Stalwart Generals"; 為 wéi ("as"), and 健將's 將 reads jiàng ("general"), not the particle jiāng. 馬流二元帥 / 崩芭二將軍 — the two horse-apes become "the Marshals Maliu" (馬流, mǎ-liú), the two gibbons "the Generals Bengba" (崩芭, bēng-bā); 元帥 (yuán-shuài) "marshal," 將軍 (jiàng-jūn) "general." These are the four elders of 其一.

將jiāng那nà安ān營yíng下xià寨zhài、賞shǎng罰fá諸zhū事shì，都dōu付fù與yǔ四sì健jiàn將jiàng維wéi持chí。将jiāng那nà安ān营yíng下xià寨zhài、赏shǎng罚fá诸zhū事shì，都dōu付fù与yǔ四sì健jiàn将jiàng维wéi持chí。

All matters of pitching camp and raising the stockade, of reward and punishment, he handed over to the four Stalwart Generals to manage.

將 the object-marker jiāng; 那 nà. 安營下寨 — "pitching camp and raising the stockade" (cf. 其一). 賞罰 — "reward and punishment." 都付與 takes dōu; 四健將's 將 jiàng. 維持 — "to manage, uphold."

總評 Commentary

With the treasures won, Wukong turns to the apparatus of rule, and the chapter's bureaucratic comedy reaches its domestic peak: the four sage elders are formally ennobled — two as Marshals (元帥), two as Generals (將軍) — and the administration of camp, stockade, and the rewards-and-punishments of a state is delegated to them. The mock-solemn titles 馬流二元帥 and 崩芭二將軍 (the names 馬流 and 崩芭 are playful nonce-syllables) cap the running joke of a monkey-polity organized on the model of the imperial military.

The banquet of coconut-liquor and grape-wine, gongs and a hundred delicacies, completes the picture of the Monkey King at the height of his earthly sovereignty — armed, armored, attended, and administering. Anthony C. Yu notes that the novel lingers on these scenes of plenitude and self-sufficiency precisely to set up the irony to come: the more complete Wukong's little kingdom, the sharper the contrast when the celestial bureaucracy, already drafting its memorials, reaches down to unsettle it. The delegation of authority "as before" (依前) marks a settled order on the very eve of its disruption.