第三回 · 招安之議 The Counsel of Amnesty — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

招安之議 The Counsel of Amnesty

大dà天tiān尊zūn宣xuān眾zhòng文wén武wǔ仙xiān卿qīng，問wèn曰yuē：「這zhè妖yāo猴hóu是shì幾jǐ年nián產chǎn育yù，何hé代dài出chū身shēn，卻què就jiù這zhè般bān有yǒu道dào？」一yì言yán未wèi已yǐ，班bān中zhōng閃shǎn出chū千qiān里lǐ眼yǎn、順shùn風fēng耳ěr道dào：「這zhè猴hóu乃nǎi三sān百bǎi年nián前qián天tiān產chǎn石shí猴hóu。當dāng時shí不bù以yǐ為wéi然rán，不bù知zhī這zhè幾jǐ年nián在zài何hé方fāng修xiū煉liàn成chéng仙xiān，降xiáng龍lóng伏fú虎hǔ，強qiáng銷xiāo死sǐ籍jí也yě。」玉yù帝dì道dào：「那nǎ路lù神shén將jiàng下xià界jiè收shōu伏fú？」言yán未wèi已yǐ，班bān中zhōng閃shǎn出chū太tài白bái長cháng庚gēng星xīng，俯fǔ伏fú啟qǐ奏zòu道dào：「上shàng聖shèng，三sān界jiè中zhōng凡fán有yǒu九jiǔ竅qiào者zhě，皆jiē可kě修xiū仙xiān。奈nài此cǐ猴hóu乃nǎi天tiān地dì育yù成chéng之zhī體tǐ，日rì月yuè孕yùn就jiù之zhī身shēn，他tā也yě頂dǐng天tiān履lǚ地dì，服fú露lù餐cān霞xiá，今jīn既jì修xiū成chéng仙xiān道dào，有yǒu降xiáng龍lóng伏fú虎hǔ之zhī能néng，與yǔ人rén何hé以yǐ異yì哉zāi？臣chén啟qǐ陛bì下xià，可kě念niàn生shēng化huà之zhī慈cí恩ēn，降jiàng一yí道dào招zhāo安ān聖shèng旨zhǐ，把bǎ他tā宣xuān來lái上shàng界jiè，授shòu他tā一yí個gè大dà小xiǎo官guān職zhí，與yǔ他tā籍jí名míng在zài籙lù，拘jū束shù此cǐ間jiān。若ruò受shòu天tiān命mìng，後hòu再zài陞shēng賞shǎng；若ruò違wéi天tiān命mìng，就jiù此cǐ擒qín拿ná。一yì則zé不bú動dòng眾zhòng勞láo師shī，二èr則zé收shōu仙xiān有yǒu道dào也yě。」玉yù帝dì聞wén言yán甚shèn喜xǐ，道dào：「依yī卿qīng所suǒ奏zòu。」即jí著zhuó文wén曲qū星xīng官guān修xiū詔zhào，著zhuó太tài白bái金jīn星xīng招zhāo安ān。大dà天tiān尊zūn宣xuān众zhòng文wén武wǔ仙xiān卿qīng，问wèn曰yuē：「这zhè妖yāo猴hóu是shì几jǐ年nián产chǎn育yù，何hé代dài出chū身shēn，却què就jiù这zhè般bān有yǒu道dào？」一yì言yán未wèi已yǐ，班bān中zhōng闪shǎn出chū千qiān里lǐ眼yǎn、顺shùn风fēng耳ěr道dào：「这zhè猴hóu乃nǎi三sān百bǎi年nián前qián天tiān产chǎn石shí猴hóu。当dāng时shí不bù以yǐ为wéi然rán，不bù知zhī这zhè几jǐ年nián在zài何hé方fāng修xiū炼liàn成chéng仙xiān，降xiáng龙lóng伏fú虎hǔ，强qiáng销xiāo死sǐ籍jí也yě。」玉yù帝dì道dào：「那nǎ路lù神shén将jiàng下xià界jiè收shōu伏fú？」言yán未wèi已yǐ，班bān中zhōng闪shǎn出chū太tài白bái长cháng庚gēng星xīng，俯fǔ伏fú启qǐ奏zòu道dào：「上shàng圣shèng，三sān界jiè中zhōng凡fán有yǒu九jiǔ窍qiào者zhě，皆jiē可kě修xiū仙xiān。奈nài此cǐ猴hóu乃nǎi天tiān地dì育yù成chéng之zhī体tǐ，日rì月yuè孕yùn就jiù之zhī身shēn，他tā也yě顶dǐng天tiān履lǚ地dì，服fú露lù餐cān霞xiá，今jīn既jì修xiū成chéng仙xiān道dào，有yǒu降xiáng龙lóng伏fú虎hǔ之zhī能néng，与yǔ人rén何hé以yǐ异yì哉zāi？臣chén启qǐ陛bì下xià，可kě念niàn生shēng化huà之zhī慈cí恩ēn，降jiàng一yí道dào招zhāo安ān圣shèng旨zhǐ，把bǎ他tā宣xuān来lái上shàng界jiè，授shòu他tā一yí个gè大dà小xiǎo官guān职zhí，与yǔ他tā籍jí名míng在zài箓lù，拘jū束shù此cǐ间jiān。若ruò受shòu天tiān命mìng，后hòu再zài升shēng赏shǎng；若ruò违wéi天tiān命mìng，就jiù此cǐ擒qín拿ná。一yì则zé不bú动dòng众zhòng劳láo师shī，二èr则zé收shōu仙xiān有yǒu道dào也yě。」玉yù帝dì闻wén言yán甚shèn喜xǐ，道dào：「依yī卿qīng所suǒ奏zòu。」即jí著zhuó文wén曲qū星xīng官guān修xiū诏zhào，著zhuó太tài白bái金jīn星xīng招zhāo安ān。

逐句解 Line by line

大dà天tiān尊zūn宣xuān眾zhòng文wén武wǔ仙xiān卿qīng，問wèn曰yuē：「這zhè妖yāo猴hóu是shì幾jǐ年nián產chǎn育yù，何hé代dài出chū身shēn，卻què就jiù這zhè般bān有yǒu道dào？」大dà天tiān尊zūn宣xuān众zhòng文wén武wǔ仙xiān卿qīng，问wèn曰yuē：「这zhè妖yāo猴hóu是shì几jǐ年nián产chǎn育yù，何hé代dài出chū身shēn，却què就jiù这zhè般bān有yǒu道dào？」

The Great Celestial Worthy summoned the assembled immortal officials, civil and martial, and asked: 'In what year was this demon-monkey born and bred, of what age its origin, that it should have attained the Way like this?'

大天尊 — the Jade Emperor. 宣眾文武仙卿 — "summoned the civil and martial immortal officials"; 卿 qīng. 幾年產育 — "in what year born and bred"; 產 chǎn. 何代出身 — "of what era its origin." 卻就這般有道 — "yet has thus attained the Way."

一yì言yán未wèi已yǐ，班bān中zhōng閃shǎn出chū千qiān里lǐ眼yǎn、順shùn風fēng耳ěr道dào：「這zhè猴hóu乃nǎi三sān百bǎi年nián前qián天tiān產chǎn石shí猴hóu。一yì言yán未wèi已yǐ，班bān中zhōng闪shǎn出chū千qiān里lǐ眼yǎn、顺shùn风fēng耳ěr道dào：「这zhè猴hóu乃nǎi三sān百bǎi年nián前qián天tiān产chǎn石shí猴hóu。

Before the words were done, from the ranks darted forth the Thousand-Li Eye and the Wind-Following Ear, who said: 'This monkey is the Heaven-born Stone Monkey of three hundred years ago.'

一言未已 — "before the words were finished"; 一 yì (before second-tone 言). 班中閃出 — "darted forth from the ranks." 千里眼、順風耳 — Thousand-Li Eye and Wind-Following Ear, the two all-perceiving sentinels of Heaven. 三百年前天產石猴 — "the Heaven-born Stone Monkey of three hundred years ago."

當dāng時shí不bù以yǐ為wéi然rán，不bù知zhī這zhè幾jǐ年nián在zài何hé方fāng修xiū煉liàn成chéng仙xiān，降xiáng龍lóng伏fú虎hǔ，強qiáng銷xiāo死sǐ籍jí也yě。」当dāng时shí不bù以yǐ为wéi然rán，不bù知zhī这zhè几jǐ年nián在zài何hé方fāng修xiū炼liàn成chéng仙xiān，降xiáng龙lóng伏fú虎hǔ，强qiáng销xiāo死sǐ籍jí也yě。」

'At the time we thought nothing of it, and we know not where in these years he cultivated to immortality, subduing dragons and taming tigers, and has now forcibly erased the death-register.'

當時不以為然 — "at the time thought nothing of it"; 當 dāng, 以為 ("to consider") 為 wéi. 修煉成仙 — "cultivated to immortality"; 煉 liàn. 降龍伏虎 — "subduing dragons and taming tigers"; 降 xiáng ("to subdue"). 強銷死籍 — "forcibly erased the death-register"; 銷 xiāo, 籍 jí.

玉yù帝dì道dào：「那nǎ路lù神shén將jiàng下xià界jiè收shōu伏fú？」玉yù帝dì道dào：「那nǎ路lù神shén将jiàng下xià界jiè收shōu伏fú？」

The Jade Emperor said, 'Which divine general shall go down and subdue him?'

那路神將 — "which divine general"; 那 reads nǎ (interrogative "which"), not nà; 將 jiàng. 收伏 — "to subdue" (= 收服).

言yán未wèi已yǐ，班bān中zhōng閃shǎn出chū太tài白bái長cháng庚gēng星xīng，俯fǔ伏fú啟qǐ奏zòu道dào：「上shàng聖shèng，三sān界jiè中zhōng凡fán有yǒu九jiǔ竅qiào者zhě，皆jiē可kě修xiū仙xiān。言yán未wèi已yǐ，班bān中zhōng闪shǎn出chū太tài白bái长cháng庚gēng星xīng，俯fǔ伏fú启qǐ奏zòu道dào：「上shàng圣shèng，三sān界jiè中zhōng凡fán有yǒu九jiǔ窍qiào者zhě，皆jiē可kě修xiū仙xiān。

Before the words were done, from the ranks darted forth the Great White Star, Chang'geng, who prostrated himself and memorialized: 'Supreme Sage, all in the Three Realms that possess the nine apertures may cultivate immortality.'

太白長庚星 — the planet Venus personified as the Great White Star (太白金星), here by his name Chang'geng (長庚, "Venus as evening star"); 長 cháng, 庚 gēng. 俯伏 — "prostrated himself"; 俯 fǔ. 凡有九竅者，皆可修仙 — "all that have the nine apertures may cultivate immortality," a Daoist commonplace; 竅 qiào, the nine bodily orifices marking a creature capable of the Way.

奈nài此cǐ猴hóu乃nǎi天tiān地dì育yù成chéng之zhī體tǐ，日rì月yuè孕yùn就jiù之zhī身shēn，他tā也yě頂dǐng天tiān履lǚ地dì，服fú露lù餐cān霞xiá，今jīn既jì修xiū成chéng仙xiān道dào，有yǒu降xiáng龍lóng伏fú虎hǔ之zhī能néng，與yǔ人rén何hé以yǐ異yì哉zāi？奈nài此cǐ猴hóu乃nǎi天tiān地dì育yù成chéng之zhī体tǐ，日rì月yuè孕yùn就jiù之zhī身shēn，他tā也yě顶dǐng天tiān履lǚ地dì，服fú露lù餐cān霞xiá，今jīn既jì修xiū成chéng仙xiān道dào，有yǒu降xiáng龙lóng伏fú虎hǔ之zhī能néng，与yǔ人rén何hé以yǐ异yì哉zāi？

'But this monkey is a body nurtured by Heaven and Earth, a form conceived by sun and moon; he too is crowned by Heaven and treads the Earth, drinks the dew and feeds on rosy mist. Now that he has attained the immortal Way and has the power to subdue dragons and tame tigers, how does he differ from a man?'

奈 — "but, however"; nài. 天地育成之體，日月孕就之身 — "a body nurtured by Heaven and Earth, a form conceived by sun and moon," recalling the stone's cosmic birth in ch.1. 頂天履地 — "crowned by Heaven, treading Earth." 服露餐霞 — "drinking dew and feeding on rosy mist," the diet of the immortal-aspirant; 餐 cān, 霞 xiá. 與人何以異哉 — "how does he differ from a man?"; 哉 zāi. Chang'geng's argument: Wukong is a legitimate self-made immortal, not a mere monster to be crushed.

臣chén啟qǐ陛bì下xià，可kě念niàn生shēng化huà之zhī慈cí恩ēn，降jiàng一yí道dào招zhāo安ān聖shèng旨zhǐ，把bǎ他tā宣xuān來lái上shàng界jiè，授shòu他tā一yí個gè大dà小xiǎo官guān職zhí，與yǔ他tā籍jí名míng在zài籙lù，拘jū束shù此cǐ間jiān。臣chén启qǐ陛bì下xià，可kě念niàn生shēng化huà之zhī慈cí恩ēn，降jiàng一yí道dào招zhāo安ān圣shèng旨zhǐ，把bǎ他tā宣xuān来lái上shàng界jiè，授shòu他tā一yí个gè大dà小xiǎo官guān职zhí，与yǔ他tā籍jí名míng在zài箓lù，拘jū束shù此cǐ间jiān。

'Your servant beseeches Your Majesty: bearing in mind the merciful grace of creation, send down an edict of amnesty, summon him to the upper world, grant him some office great or small, and enter his name in the rolls, to keep him bound here.'

陛下 — "Your Majesty"; 陛 bì. 生化之慈恩 — "the merciful grace of creation (life-giving)." 降一道招安聖旨 — "send down an edict of amnesty"; 降 here reads jiàng ("to send down," of a decree), not xiáng; 一 yí (before fourth-tone 道); 招安 (zhāo-ān) "to summon to surrender, grant amnesty." 籍名在籙 — "enter his name in the rolls"; 籍 jí, 籙 lù. 拘束此間 — "keep him bound here." This counsel of co-optation rather than force sets up the whole arc of Wukong's career in Heaven.

若ruò受shòu天tiān命mìng，後hòu再zài陞shēng賞shǎng；若ruò違wéi天tiān命mìng，就jiù此cǐ擒qín拿ná。若ruò受shòu天tiān命mìng，后hòu再zài升shēng赏shǎng；若ruò违wéi天tiān命mìng，就jiù此cǐ擒qín拿ná。

'If he accepts the celestial mandate, promote and reward him later; if he defies the mandate, then seize him on the spot.'

若受天命 — "if he accepts the mandate." 後再陞賞 — "promote and reward him later"; 陞 (= 升) shēng. 若違天命，就此擒拿 — "if he defies it, seize him then"; 違 wéi.

一yì則zé不bú動dòng眾zhòng勞láo師shī，二èr則zé收shōu仙xiān有yǒu道dào也yě。」一yì则zé不bú动dòng众zhòng劳láo师shī，二èr则zé收shōu仙xiān有yǒu道dào也yě。」

'On the one hand, the host need not be mobilized nor the troops wearied; on the other, an immortal is won by proper means.'

一則…二則 — "first…second"; 一 yì (before second-tone 則). 不動眾勞師 — "without mustering the host or wearying the troops"; 不 bú (before fourth-tone 動). 收仙有道 — "an immortal won by proper means."

玉yù帝dì聞wén言yán甚shèn喜xǐ，道dào：「依yī卿qīng所suǒ奏zòu。」即jí著zhuó文wén曲qū星xīng官guān修xiū詔zhào，著zhuó太tài白bái金jīn星xīng招zhāo安ān。玉yù帝dì闻wén言yán甚shèn喜xǐ，道dào：「依yī卿qīng所suǒ奏zòu。」即jí著zhuó文wén曲qū星xīng官guān修xiū诏zhào，著zhuó太tài白bái金jīn星xīng招zhāo安ān。

The Jade Emperor was greatly pleased on hearing this, and said, 'As you propose.' He at once ordered the Star-Officer Wenqu to draft the edict, and the Great White Gold Star to carry the amnesty.

聞言甚喜 — "greatly pleased to hear it"; 甚 shèn. 依卿所奏 — "as you propose," 卿 qīng. 著文曲星官修詔 — "ordered the Star-Officer Wenqu to draft the edict"; 著 the causative zhuó, 詔 zhào. 著太白金星招安 — "ordered the Great White Gold Star to carry the amnesty."

總評 Commentary

The chapter's penultimate movement is a council scene, the celestial bureaucracy deliberating its response. The all-seeing sentinels Thousand-Li Eye and Wind-Following Ear supply the dossier — the monkey is the stone-born creature of three hundred years past, unaccountably grown into an immortal — and the Jade Emperor's question ("which general shall subdue him?") frames the default response as military. The scene's pivot is the intervention of the Great White Gold Star (太白金星, Venus), the wise and pacific elder-statesman of Heaven who will recur throughout the novel as the advocate of accommodation.

Chang'geng's counsel is the hinge of the entire Havoc-in-Heaven arc. His argument is strikingly liberal: Wukong is a legitimate self-cultivated immortal — "a body nurtured by Heaven and Earth…how does he differ from a man?" — and so should be co-opted rather than crushed, summoned by an edict of amnesty (招安) and given office and a name in the celestial rolls. The policy of 招安 — bringing a powerful outsider inside the system by granting rank — is a deeply Chinese political instinct (familiar from the bandit-amnesties of Water Margin), and the novel treats it with quiet irony: this well-meaning attempt to bind Wukong with a minor post is precisely what will detonate when he discovers how small the office is. The dignity the speech grants him is notable — the language of 天地育成之體，日月孕就之身 deliberately echoes the cosmic stone-birth of chapter 1, so that Heaven itself here concedes the mind-monkey's metaphysical legitimacy. Anthony C. Yu observes that this choice of bureaucratic co-optation over force is exactly what makes the ensuing rebellion possible: the amnesty is at once merciful and, in its condescension, the seed of catastrophe.