第三回 · 勾銷死籍 Striking Out the Names — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

勾銷死籍 Striking Out the Names

悟wù空kōng執zhí著zhe如rú意yì棒bàng，徑jìng登dēng森sēn羅luó殿diàn上shàng，正zhèng中zhōng間jiān南nán面miàn坐zuò下xià。十shí王wáng即jí命mìng掌zhǎng案àn的de判pàn官guān取qǔ出chū文wén簿bù來lái查chá。那nà判pàn官guān不bù敢gǎn怠dài慢màn，便biàn到dào司sī房fáng裡lǐ捧pěng出chū五wǔ六liù簿bù文wén書shū並bìng十shí類lèi簿bù子zi。逐zhú一yì查chá看kàn：臝luǒ蟲chóng、毛máo蟲chóng、羽yǔ蟲chóng、昆kūn蟲chóng、鱗lín介jiè之zhī屬shǔ，俱jù無wú他tā名míng。又yòu看kàn到dào猴hóu屬shǔ之zhī類lèi，原yuán來lái這zhè猴hóu似sì人rén相xiàng，不bú入rù人rén名míng；似sì臝luǒ蟲chóng，不bù居jū國guó界jiè；似sì走zǒu獸shòu，不bù伏fú麒qí麟lín管guǎn；似sì飛fēi禽qín，不bú受shòu鳳fèng凰huáng轄xiá。另lìng有yǒu個gè簿bù子zi，悟wù空kōng親qīn自zì檢jiǎn閱yuè，直zhí到dào那nà「魂hún」字zì一yì千qiān三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí號hào上shàng，方fāng注zhù著zhe孫sūn悟wù空kōng名míng字zì，乃nǎi「天tiān產chǎn石shí猴hóu，該gāi壽shòu三sān百bǎi四sì十shí二èr歲suì，善shàn終zhōng」。悟wù空kōng道dào：「我wǒ也yě不bú記jì壽shòu數shù幾jǐ何hé，且qiě只zhǐ消xiāo了le名míng字zì便biàn罷bà。取qǔ筆bǐ過guò來lái。」那nà判pàn官guān慌huāng忙máng捧pěng筆bǐ，飽bǎo掭tiàn濃nóng墨mò。悟wù空kōng拿ná過guò簿bù子zi，把bǎ猴hóu屬shǔ之zhī類lèi，但dàn有yǒu名míng者zhě，一yí概gài勾gōu之zhī。捽zuó下xià簿bù子zi道dào：「了liǎo帳zhàng，了liǎo帳zhàng，今jīn番fān不bù伏fú你nǐ管guǎn了le。」一yí路lù棒bàng，打dǎ出chū幽yōu冥míng界jiè。那nà十shí王wáng不bù敢gǎn相xiāng近jìn，都dōu去qù翠cuì雲yún宮gōng，同tóng拜bài地dì藏zàng王wáng菩pú薩sà，商shāng量liáng啟qǐ表biǎo，奏zòu聞wén上shàng天tiān，不bú在zài話huà下xià。悟wù空kōng执zhí著zhe如rú意yì棒bàng，径jìng登dēng森sēn罗luó殿diàn上shàng，正zhèng中zhōng间jiān南nán面miàn坐zuò下xià。十shí王wáng即jí命mìng掌zhǎng案àn的de判pàn官guān取qǔ出chū文wén簿bù来lái查chá。那nà判pàn官guān不bù敢gǎn怠dài慢màn，便biàn到dào司sī房fáng里lǐ捧pěng出chū五wǔ六liù簿bù文wén书shū并bìng十shí类lèi簿bù子zi。逐zhú一yì查chá看kàn：臝luǒ虫chóng、毛máo虫chóng、羽yǔ虫chóng、昆kūn虫chóng、鳞lín介jiè之zhī属shǔ，俱jù无wú他tā名míng。又yòu看kàn到dào猴hóu属shǔ之zhī类lèi，原yuán来lái这zhè猴hóu似sì人rén相xiàng，不bú入rù人rén名míng；似sì臝luǒ虫chóng，不bù居jū国guó界jiè；似sì走zǒu兽shòu，不bù伏fú麒qí麟lín管guǎn；似sì飞fēi禽qín，不bú受shòu凤fèng凰huáng辖xiá。另lìng有yǒu个gè簿bù子zi，悟wù空kōng亲qīn自zì检jiǎn阅yuè，直zhí到dào那nà「魂hún」字zì一yì千qiān三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí号hào上shàng，方fāng注zhù著zhe孙sūn悟wù空kōng名míng字zì，乃nǎi「天tiān产chǎn石shí猴hóu，该gāi寿shòu三sān百bǎi四sì十shí二èr岁suì，善shàn终zhōng」。悟wù空kōng道dào：「我wǒ也yě不bú记jì寿shòu数shù几jǐ何hé，且qiě只zhǐ消xiāo了le名míng字zì便biàn罢bà。取qǔ笔bǐ过guò来lái。」那nà判pàn官guān慌huāng忙máng捧pěng笔bǐ，饱bǎo掭tiàn浓nóng墨mò。悟wù空kōng拿ná过guò簿bù子zi，把bǎ猴hóu属shǔ之zhī类lèi，但dàn有yǒu名míng者zhě，一yí概gài勾gōu之zhī。捽zuó下xià簿bù子zi道dào：「了liǎo帐zhàng，了liǎo帐zhàng，今jīn番fān不bù伏fú你nǐ管guǎn了le。」一yí路lù棒bàng，打dǎ出chū幽yōu冥míng界jiè。那nà十shí王wáng不bù敢gǎn相xiāng近jìn，都dōu去qù翠cuì云yún宫gōng，同tóng拜bài地dì藏zàng王wáng菩pú萨sà，商shāng量liáng启qǐ表biǎo，奏zòu闻wén上shàng天tiān，不bú在zài话huà下xià。

逐句解 Line by line

悟wù空kōng執zhí著zhe如rú意yì棒bàng，徑jìng登dēng森sēn羅luó殿diàn上shàng，正zhèng中zhōng間jiān南nán面miàn坐zuò下xià。悟wù空kōng执zhí著zhe如rú意yì棒bàng，径jìng登dēng森sēn罗luó殿diàn上shàng，正zhèng中zhōng间jiān南nán面miàn坐zuò下xià。

Wukong, gripping the As-You-Will rod, went straight up onto the Hall of Darkness and sat down facing south in the very center.

執著 — "gripping, holding fast"; 著 the durative zhe. 徑登 — "went straight up." 森羅殿 — the Hall of Darkness; 羅 luó. 正中間南面坐下 — "sat facing south in the very center" — the seat of the presiding judge, which Wukong simply usurps.

十shí王wáng即jí命mìng掌zhǎng案àn的de判pàn官guān取qǔ出chū文wén簿bù來lái查chá。十shí王wáng即jí命mìng掌zhǎng案àn的de判pàn官guān取qǔ出chū文wén簿bù来lái查chá。

The Ten Kings at once ordered the registrar-judge in charge of records to bring out the registers for inspection.

掌案的判官 — "the registrar-judge in charge of the records"; 掌 zhǎng ("to be in charge of"). 文簿 — "the registers," 簿 bù.

那nà判pàn官guān不bù敢gǎn怠dài慢màn，便biàn到dào司sī房fáng裡lǐ捧pěng出chū五wǔ六liù簿bù文wén書shū並bìng十shí類lèi簿bù子zi。那nà判pàn官guān不bù敢gǎn怠dài慢màn，便biàn到dào司sī房fáng里lǐ捧pěng出chū五wǔ六liù簿bù文wén书shū并bìng十shí类lèi簿bù子zi。

Not daring to be remiss, the judge went into the records office and brought out five or six registers of documents along with the books of the ten classes.

不敢怠慢 — "dared not be remiss"; 不 bù, 怠 dài. 司房 — "the records office." 十類簿子 — "the books of the ten classes"; 簿 bù, 子 the neutral suffix zi.

逐zhú一yì查chá看kàn：臝luǒ蟲chóng、毛máo蟲chóng、羽yǔ蟲chóng、昆kūn蟲chóng、鱗lín介jiè之zhī屬shǔ，俱jù無wú他tā名míng。逐zhú一yì查chá看kàn：臝luǒ虫chóng、毛máo虫chóng、羽yǔ虫chóng、昆kūn虫chóng、鳞lín介jiè之zhī属shǔ，俱jù无wú他tā名míng。

He examined them one by one: the naked creatures, the furred, the feathered, the crawling, and the scaled-and-shelled and their kinds — none bore his name.

逐一 — "one by one"; 一 yì. The five classes of creatures: 臝蟲 ("naked creatures," 臝 luǒ = 裸, including humans), 毛蟲 (furred beasts), 羽蟲 (feathered birds), 昆蟲 (crawling things), 鱗介 (the scaled and the shelled). 之屬 — "and their kinds," 屬 shǔ.

又yòu看kàn到dào猴hóu屬shǔ之zhī類lèi，原yuán來lái這zhè猴hóu似sì人rén相xiàng，不bú入rù人rén名míng；似sì臝luǒ蟲chóng，不bù居jū國guó界jiè；似sì走zǒu獸shòu，不bù伏fú麒qí麟lín管guǎn；似sì飛fēi禽qín，不bú受shòu鳳fèng凰huáng轄xiá。又yòu看kàn到dào猴hóu属shǔ之zhī类lèi，原yuán来lái这zhè猴hóu似sì人rén相xiàng，不bú入rù人rén名míng；似sì臝luǒ虫chóng，不bù居jū国guó界jiè；似sì走zǒu兽shòu，不bù伏fú麒qí麟lín管guǎn；似sì飞fēi禽qín，不bú受shòu凤fèng凰huáng辖xiá。

Then he came to the monkey-kind, and it turned out that this monkey resembles humans yet is not entered among human names; resembles the naked creatures yet is not placed within any nation's bounds; resembles the running beasts yet is not under the unicorn's rule; resembles the flying birds yet is not under the phoenix's jurisdiction.

The fourfold paradox of the monkey's place in the order of beings: like men (似人相, 相 xiàng "form") but unregistered among them; like the naked creatures but stateless; like beasts but not under the 麒麟 (qilin/unicorn); like birds but not under the 鳳凰 (phoenix). The repeated 不 by sandhi: 不入 bú, 不居 bù, 不伏 bù, 不受 bú. This anomalousness — belonging to no category — is the very ground of his exemption.

另lìng有yǒu個gè簿bù子zi，悟wù空kōng親qīn自zì檢jiǎn閱yuè，直zhí到dào那nà「魂hún」字zì一yì千qiān三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí號hào上shàng，方fāng注zhù著zhe孫sūn悟wù空kōng名míng字zì，乃nǎi「天tiān產chǎn石shí猴hóu，該gāi壽shòu三sān百bǎi四sì十shí二èr歲suì，善shàn終zhōng」。另lìng有yǒu个gè簿bù子zi，悟wù空kōng亲qīn自zì检jiǎn阅yuè，直zhí到dào那nà「魂hún」字zì一yì千qiān三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí号hào上shàng，方fāng注zhù著zhe孙sūn悟wù空kōng名míng字zì，乃nǎi「天tiān产chǎn石shí猴hóu，该gāi寿shòu三sān百bǎi四sì十shí二èr岁suì，善shàn终zhōng」。

There was another register, which Wukong examined himself, down to entry one thousand three hundred and fifty under the character 'soul,' where Sun Wukong's name was at last recorded: 'Heaven-born Stone Monkey — allotted span three hundred and forty-two years, a natural death.'

親自檢閱 — "examined in person." 魂字一千三百五十號 — "entry 1350 under the character 'soul'"; 一 yì (before first-tone 千). 注著 — "was marked," 著 the durative zhe. 天產石猴 — "Heaven-born Stone Monkey." 該壽三百四十二歲，善終 — "allotted a span of 342 years, a natural death"; 該 gāi, 善終 (shàn-zhōng) "to die a natural death." The mock-precise bureaucratic detail he scorns even to read.

悟wù空kōng道dào：「我wǒ也yě不bú記jì壽shòu數shù幾jǐ何hé，且qiě只zhǐ消xiāo了le名míng字zì便biàn罷bà。取qǔ筆bǐ過guò來lái。」悟wù空kōng道dào：「我wǒ也yě不bú记jì寿shòu数shù几jǐ何hé，且qiě只zhǐ消xiāo了le名míng字zì便biàn罢bà。取qǔ笔bǐ过guò来lái。」

Wukong said, 'I don't even keep count of how long my span is — I need only strike out the name and be done. Bring me a brush.'

不記 — 不 bú. 壽數幾何 — "how great my span is"; 數 shù. 只消了名字 — "need only cancel the names"; 只消 (zhǐ-xiāo) "merely need to," 了 the completive le. 便罷 — "and be done," 罷 bà.

那nà判pàn官guān慌huāng忙máng捧pěng筆bǐ，飽bǎo掭tiàn濃nóng墨mò。那nà判pàn官guān慌huāng忙máng捧pěng笔bǐ，饱bǎo掭tiàn浓nóng墨mò。

The judge hurriedly took up a brush and dipped it full of rich ink.

慌忙 — "hurriedly." 飽掭濃墨 — "dipped the brush full of thick ink"; 掭 (tiàn) "to load or even a brush with ink."

悟wù空kōng拿ná過guò簿bù子zi，把bǎ猴hóu屬shǔ之zhī類lèi，但dàn有yǒu名míng者zhě，一yí概gài勾gōu之zhī。悟wù空kōng拿ná过guò簿bù子zi，把bǎ猴hóu属shǔ之zhī类lèi，但dàn有yǒu名míng者zhě，一yí概gài勾gōu之zhī。

Wukong took the register and, for the whole monkey-kind, struck out every one that bore a name.

拿過簿子 — "took the register"; 簿 bù, 子 zi. 把猴屬之類 — "the whole monkey-kind"; 把 bǎ. 但有名者 — "all that bore a name," 者 zhě. 一概勾之 — "struck them all out"; 一 yí (before fourth-tone 概), 勾 gōu.

捽zuó下xià簿bù子zi道dào：「了liǎo帳zhàng，了liǎo帳zhàng，今jīn番fān不bù伏fú你nǐ管guǎn了le。」捽zuó下xià簿bù子zi道dào：「了liǎo帐zhàng，了liǎo帐zhàng，今jīn番fān不bù伏fú你nǐ管guǎn了le。」

He flung the register down and said, 'Settled! Settled! This time I'm no longer under your rule!'

捽下簿子 — "flung the register down"; 捽 (zuó) "to seize and throw down." 了帳 — "the account is settled, done!"; 了 reads liǎo ("to finish, settle"), 帳 zhàng. 今番 — "this time," 番 fān. 不伏你管了 — "no longer under your rule"; 不 bù, 伏 fú, the final 了 the aspect le.

一yí路lù棒bàng，打dǎ出chū幽yōu冥míng界jiè。一yí路lù棒bàng，打dǎ出chū幽yōu冥míng界jiè。

And laying about with the rod all the way, he fought his way out of the Land of Darkness.

一路棒 — "laying about with the rod all the way"; 一 yí (before fourth-tone 路).

那nà十shí王wáng不bù敢gǎn相xiāng近jìn，都dōu去qù翠cuì雲yún宮gōng，同tóng拜bài地dì藏zàng王wáng菩pú薩sà，商shāng量liáng啟qǐ表biǎo，奏zòu聞wén上shàng天tiān，不bú在zài話huà下xià。那nà十shí王wáng不bù敢gǎn相xiāng近jìn，都dōu去qù翠cuì云yún宫gōng，同tóng拜bài地dì藏zàng王wáng菩pú萨sà，商shāng量liáng启qǐ表biǎo，奏zòu闻wén上shàng天tiān，不bú在zài话huà下xià。

The Ten Kings dared not go near him; they all went to the Cuiyun Palace and together paid homage to the Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha, conferring about sending up a memorial to report the matter to High Heaven — but of that, no more for now.

不敢相近 — "dared not approach"; 不 bù, 相 xiāng. 翠雲宮 — Cuiyun ("Kingfisher-Cloud") Palace. 地藏王菩薩 — the Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha (Dìzàng), the great vow-bearer who presides over the underworld; 藏 zàng. 商量 — "to confer"; 量 liáng. 奏聞上天 — "to report to High Heaven." 不在話下 — the storyteller's closing formula; 不 bú (before fourth-tone 在).

總評 Commentary

The chapter's underworld climax is an act of pure bureaucratic vandalism turned liberation: Wukong seizes the presiding judge's south-facing seat, calls for the registers, and when he finds the monkey-clan's names, strikes out every one — not just his own. The famous fourfold paradox of his place in the order of beings (like men yet not human, like beasts yet not under the qilin, like birds yet not under the phoenix) gives the deed its logic: belonging to no fixed category, the monkey-kind slips the net of the cosmic accounting altogether. The detail that his entry sits at "soul number 1350" with an allotted span of 342 years is the novel's mock-precise bureaucratic texture — a figure he scorns even to read.

Wukong's conquest of death is achieved here not by alchemical refinement but by erasure — he simply deletes the record. For the inner-alchemical commentators this is a charged image: the adept who has "returned to the root" stands outside the ledger of birth-and-death, and the monkey's literal striking-out of the names dramatizes that escape in its crudest, most external form. The benefit extends to his whole clan, so the act is also Wukong's first gift of his own transcendence to his subjects. Plaks notes the comedy and the hubris together: the mind-monkey now believes itself wholly beyond limit — a conviction the rest of the novel exists to correct.

The kings' recourse — fleeing to the Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha and drafting a memorial to Heaven — sets the second of the chapter's two complaints in motion, parallel to the dragons'. Both the sea and the underworld, unable to control Wukong by force, turn to the celestial bureaucracy above them; the convergence of these two petitions is what will summon the response of Heaven in the chapters to come.