Canonical Classics ← 第二十二回
第二十二回
八bā戒jiè大dà戰zhàn流liú沙shā河hé
木mù叉chā奉fèng法fǎ收shōu悟wù淨jìng

Bajie Does Great Battle at the River of Flowing Sands · Mokṣa, Bearing the Dharma-Command, Wins Over Wujing

寶杖誇能
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

寶杖誇能 The Staff's Sung Praise

好hǎo八bā戒jiè,抹mǒ抹mǒ臉liǎn,抖dǒu擻sǒu精jīng神shén,雙shuāng手shǒu拿ná鈀pá,到dào河hé沿yán,分fēn開kāi水shuǐ路lù,依yī然rán又yòu下xià至zhì窩wō巢cháo。那nà怪guài方fāng才cái睡shuì醒xǐng,忽hū聽tīng推tuī得de水shuǐ響xiǎng,急jí回huí頭tóu睜zhēng睛jīng觀guān看kàn,見jiàn八bā戒jiè執zhí鈀pá來lái至zhì。他tā跳tiào出chū來lái,當dāng頭tóu阻zǔ住zhù,喝hè道dào:「慢màn來lái,慢màn來lái,看kàn杖zhàng。」八bā戒jiè舉jǔ鈀pá架jià住zhù道dào:「你nǐ是shì個gè甚shén麼me哭kū喪sāng杖zhàng,斷duàn叫jiào你nǐ祖zǔ宗zōng看kàn杖zhàng?」那nà怪guài道dào:「你nǐ這zhè廝sī甚shèn不bù曉xiǎo得dé哩li。我wǒ這zhè:好hǎo八bā戒jiè,抹mǒ抹mǒ脸liǎn,抖dǒu擞sǒu精jīng神shén,双shuāng手shǒu拿ná钯pá,到dào河hé沿yán,分fēn开kāi水shuǐ路lù,依yī然rán又yòu下xià至zhì窝wō巢cháo。那nà怪guài方fāng才cái睡shuì醒xǐng,忽hū听tīng推tuī得de水shuǐ响xiǎng,急jí回huí头tóu睁zhēng睛jīng观guān看kàn,见jiàn八bā戒jiè执zhí钯pá来lái至zhì。他tā跳tiào出chū来lái,当dāng头tóu阻zǔ住zhù,喝hè道dào:「慢màn来lái,慢màn来lái,看kàn杖zhàng。」八bā戒jiè举jǔ钯pá架jià住zhù道dào:「你nǐ是shì个gè甚shén么me哭kū丧sāng杖zhàng,断duàn叫jiào你nǐ祖zǔ宗zōng看kàn杖zhàng?」那nà怪guài道dào:「你nǐ这zhè厮sī甚shèn不bù晓xiǎo得dé哩li。我wǒ这zhè:

寶bǎo杖zhàng原yuán來lái名míng譽yù大dà,本běn是shì月yuè裡lǐ梭suō羅luó派pài。宝bǎo杖zhàng原yuán来lái名míng誉yù大dà,本běn是shì月yuè里lǐ梭suō罗luó派pài。
吳wú剛gāng伐fá下xià一yì枝zhī來lái,魯lǔ班bān製zhì造zào工gōng夫fu蓋gài。吴wú刚gāng伐fá下xià一yì枝zhī来lái,鲁lǔ班bān制zhì造zào工gōng夫fu盖gài。
裡lǐ邊biān一yì條tiáo金jīn趁chèn心xīn,外wài邊biān萬wàn道dào珠zhū絲sī玠jiè。里lǐ边biān一yì条tiáo金jīn趁chèn心xīn,外wài边biān万wàn道dào珠zhū丝sī玠jiè。
名míng稱chēng寶bǎo杖zhàng善shàn降xiáng妖yāo,永yǒng鎮zhèn靈líng霄xiāo能néng伏fú怪guài。名míng称chēng宝bǎo杖zhàng善shàn降xiáng妖yāo,永yǒng镇zhèn灵líng霄xiāo能néng伏fú怪guài。
只zhǐ因yīn官guān拜bài大dà將jiàng軍jūn,玉yù皇huáng賜cì我wǒ隨suí身shēn帶dài。只zhǐ因yīn官guān拜bài大dà将jiàng军jūn,玉yù皇huáng赐cì我wǒ随suí身shēn带dài。
或huò長cháng或huò短duǎn任rèn吾wú心xīn,要yào細xì要yào粗cū憑píng意yì態tài。或huò长cháng或huò短duǎn任rèn吾wú心xīn,要yào细xì要yào粗cū凭píng意yì态tài。
也yě曾céng護hù駕jià宴yàn蟠pán桃táo,也yě曾céng隨suí朝cháo居jū上shàng界jiè。也yě曾céng护hù驾jià宴yàn蟠pán桃táo,也yě曾céng随suí朝cháo居jū上shàng界jiè。
值zhí殿diàn曾céng經jīng眾zhòng聖shèng參cān,捲juǎn簾lián曾céng見jiàn諸zhū仙xiān拜bài。值zhí殿diàn曾céng经jīng众zhòng圣shèng参cān,卷juǎn帘lián曾céng见jiàn诸zhū仙xiān拜bài。
養yǎng成chéng靈líng性xìng一yì神shén兵bīng,不bú是shì人rén間jiān凡fán器qì械xiè。养yǎng成chéng灵líng性xìng一yì神shén兵bīng,不bú是shì人rén间jiān凡fán器qì械xiè。
自zì從cóng遭zāo貶biǎn下xià天tiān門mén,任rèn意yì縱zòng橫héng遊yóu海hǎi外wài。自zì从cóng遭zāo贬biǎn下xià天tiān门mén,任rèn意yì纵zòng横héng游yóu海hǎi外wài。
不bù當dāng大dà膽dǎn自zì稱chēng誇kuā,天tiān下xià槍qiāng刀dāo難nán比bǐ賽sài。不bù当dāng大dà胆dǎn自zì称chēng夸kuā,天tiān下xià枪qiāng刀dāo难nán比bǐ赛sài。
看kàn你nǐ那nà個gè鏽xiù釘dīng鈀pá,只zhǐ好hǎo鋤chú田tián與yǔ築zhù菜cài。」看kàn你nǐ那nà个gè锈xiù钉dīng钯pá,只zhǐ好hǎo锄chú田tián与yǔ筑zhù菜cài。」

逐句解 Line by line

好hǎo八bā戒jiè,抹mǒ抹mǒ臉liǎn,抖dǒu擻sǒu精jīng神shén,雙shuāng手shǒu拿ná鈀pá,到dào河hé沿yán,分fēn開kāi水shuǐ路lù,依yī然rán又yòu下xià至zhì窩wō巢cháo。 好hǎo八bā戒jiè,抹mǒ抹mǒ脸liǎn,抖dǒu擞sǒu精jīng神shén,双shuāng手shǒu拿ná钯pá,到dào河hé沿yán,分fēn开kāi水shuǐ路lù,依yī然rán又yòu下xià至zhì窝wō巢cháo。

The good Bajie wiped his face, roused his spirits, gripped his rake in both hands, went to the riverside, parted a path through the water, and once more descended to the demon's lair.

好八戒, 'the good Bajie' — the storyteller's little flourish of approval before somebody does something impressive; the novel uses it like a drum roll. Then the same sequence as yesterday: rake up (鈀 pá), 分開水路, and down.

那nà怪guài方fāng才cái睡shuì醒xǐng,忽hū聽tīng推tuī得de水shuǐ響xiǎng,急jí回huí頭tóu睜zhēng睛jīng觀guān看kàn,見jiàn八bā戒jiè執zhí鈀pá來lái至zhì。 那nà怪guài方fāng才cái睡shuì醒xǐng,忽hū听tīng推tuī得de水shuǐ响xiǎng,急jí回huí头tóu睁zhēng睛jīng观guān看kàn,见jiàn八bā戒jiè执zhí钯pá来lái至zhì。

The monster had only just woken when he heard the splash of someone thrusting through the water; he turned his head sharply, opened his eyes wide to look, and saw Bajie coming, rake in hand.

推得水響, 'the splash of somebody shoving through the water' (得 de, 那 nà). The demon was asleep. The same noise that summoned him yesterday summons him again — the chapter is repeating its own scene deliberately.

他tā跳tiào出chū來lái,當dāng頭tóu阻zǔ住zhù,喝hè道dào:「慢màn來lái,慢màn來lái,看kàn杖zhàng。」 他tā跳tiào出chū来lái,当dāng头tóu阻zǔ住zhù,喝hè道dào:「慢màn来lái,慢màn来lái,看kàn杖zhàng。」

He sprang out, barred the way head-on, and shouted: 'Not so fast, not so fast — mind the staff!'

當頭阻住, blocked him head-on, and the doubled 慢來, 'slow down, slow down.' It is a formal challenge, and it is the mirror of Bajie's own from the previous encounter.

八bā戒jiè舉jǔ鈀pá架jià住zhù道dào:「你nǐ是shì個gè甚shén麼me哭kū喪sāng杖zhàng,斷duàn叫jiào你nǐ祖zǔ宗zōng看kàn杖zhàng?」 八bā戒jiè举jǔ钯pá架jià住zhù道dào:「你nǐ是shì个gè甚shén么me哭kū丧sāng杖zhàng,断duàn叫jiào你nǐ祖zǔ宗zōng看kàn杖zhàng?」

Bajie brought up his rake to parry and said: 'What sort of funeral-cudgel is that, that you'd bid your grandsire mind it?'

哭喪杖 is the staff a chief mourner leans on at a funeral: a prop for grief, not a weapon. Bajie has just called the demon-subduing staff a walking stick for a wake (甚 shén, in 甚麼). It is a good insult, and it costs him twelve couplets of listening.

那nà怪guài道dào:「你nǐ這zhè廝sī甚shèn不bù曉xiǎo得dé哩li。我wǒ這zhè: 那nà怪guài道dào:「你nǐ这zhè厮sī甚shèn不bù晓xiǎo得dé哩li。我wǒ这zhè:

The monster said: 'You wretch, how little you know. This staff of mine —'

甚不曉得, 'how very little you know' — and note that 甚 is shèn here, 'exceedingly,' not the 什麼-sense it carried one line above. Then 我這, 'this — of mine,' and the quotation opens again, this time on twelve couplets in praise of a stick. The closing bracket waits until the end.

寶bǎo杖zhàng原yuán來lái名míng譽yù大dà,本běn是shì月yuè裡lǐ梭suō羅luó派pài。 宝bǎo杖zhàng原yuán来lái名míng誉yù大dà,本běn是shì月yuè里lǐ梭suō罗luó派pài。

This precious staff is one of great renown; its very stock is a branch of the moon's sala tree.

梭羅 here writes what is elsewhere 娑羅, the sala tree — the tree the Buddha died under. This version puts it on the moon, which folds it together with the older legend of the cassia growing there. The staff is given a celestial pedigree in its opening line, before anything is said about what it does.

吳wú剛gāng伐fá下xià一yì枝zhī來lái,魯lǔ班bān製zhì造zào工gōng夫fu蓋gài。 吴wú刚gāng伐fá下xià一yì枝zhī来lái,鲁lǔ班bān制zhì造zào工gōng夫fu盖gài。

Wu Gang hewed a limb of it down; Lu Ban wrought it with unequalled craft.

Two of the best-known names in Chinese story, one line apart. 吳剛, Wu Gang, was sentenced to fell the tree on the moon and discovered it heals itself at every stroke — the Chinese Sisyphus, still chopping. 魯班, Lu Ban, is the master carpenter, patron of all builders, and so far beyond ordinary skill that showing off your woodwork in front of him has been proverbial for centuries. So: a branch cut by a man who cannot stop cutting, worked by the finest hands that ever held a tool.

裡lǐ邊biān一yì條tiáo金jīn趁chèn心xīn,外wài邊biān萬wàn道dào珠zhū絲sī玠jiè。 里lǐ边biān一yì条tiáo金jīn趁chèn心xīn,外wài边biān万wàn道dào珠zhū丝sī玠jiè。

Within runs a core of gold true to the heart; without, ten thousand strands of pearl-thread and jade.

金趁心, a core of gold running true down the centre, and 珠絲玠, pearl-thread and jade about the outside. The staff is being itemised like a valuation.

名míng稱chēng寶bǎo杖zhàng善shàn降xiáng妖yāo,永yǒng鎮zhèn靈líng霄xiāo能néng伏fú怪guài。 名míng称chēng宝bǎo杖zhàng善shàn降xiáng妖yāo,永yǒng镇zhèn灵líng霄xiāo能néng伏fú怪guài。

Its name is the Precious Staff, apt to subdue demons; forever it warded the Hall of Divine Mists and could quell fiends.

善降妖, 'good at subduing demons' (降 xiáng) — and there is the irony sitting in plain sight. The weapon, like the man holding it, was made to keep order at the 靈霄, and both of them are now on the wrong side of that job description.

只zhǐ因yīn官guān拜bài大dà將jiàng軍jūn,玉yù皇huáng賜cì我wǒ隨suí身shēn帶dài。 只zhǐ因yīn官guān拜bài大dà将jiàng军jūn,玉yù皇huáng赐cì我wǒ随suí身shēn带dài。

Because I was appointed Grand General, the Jade Emperor bestowed it for me to bear at my side.

官拜大將軍, 'appointed Grand General' (將 jiàng, the rank). The staff was not bought or found. It was issued with the post, by the Jade Emperor personally — which makes it, in effect, a piece of government property he has been carrying around since he was sacked.

或huò長cháng或huò短duǎn任rèn吾wú心xīn,要yào細xì要yào粗cū憑píng意yì態tài。 或huò长cháng或huò短duǎn任rèn吾wú心xīn,要yào细xì要yào粗cū凭píng意yì态tài。

Now long, now short, it answers to my will; thick or thin, it follows my very mood.

或長或短任吾心, long or short as the mind likes (長 cháng), thick or thin as the mood takes it. Any reader will hear the echo: this is precisely the trick of the monkey's own cudgel. Changing size on command is the standard mark of a weapon with a spirit in it.

也yě曾céng護hù駕jià宴yàn蟠pán桃táo,也yě曾céng隨suí朝cháo居jū上shàng界jiè。 也yě曾céng护hù驾jià宴yàn蟠pán桃táo,也yě曾céng随suí朝cháo居jū上shàng界jiè。

It has guarded the throne at the Peach Banquet; it has attended court and dwelt in the upper realm.

護駕宴蟠桃, guarding the throne at the peach banquet, and 隨朝居上界, in attendance at court in the upper world (朝 cháo). The staff's biography is quietly retelling its owner's — including, without comment, the banquet where everything went wrong.

值zhí殿diàn曾céng經jīng眾zhòng聖shèng參cān,捲juǎn簾lián曾céng見jiàn諸zhū仙xiān拜bài。 值zhí殿diàn曾céng经jīng众zhòng圣shèng参cān,卷juǎn帘lián曾céng见jiàn诸zhū仙xiān拜bài。

On palace duty it was saluted by all the sages; raising the curtain, it saw the immortals bow.

捲簾曾見諸仙拜, 'raising the curtain, it saw the immortals bow.' The line ties the staff directly to the office of the 捲簾大將 — it was there, in his hands, at the exact moment of his greatest standing.

養yǎng成chéng靈líng性xìng一yì神shén兵bīng,不bú是shì人rén間jiān凡fán器qì械xiè。 养yǎng成chéng灵líng性xìng一yì神shén兵bīng,不bú是shì人rén间jiān凡fán器qì械xiè。

Nurtured to a numinous nature, a divine weapon; no common implement of the mortal world.

養成靈性, 'raised up into a spiritual nature' — the verb is the one used for rearing a child or nursing a plant, and it implies time and care rather than manufacture. Hence 神兵, a divine weapon, and emphatically not a 凡器械, a piece of mortal hardware. This is the boast's central claim.

自zì從cóng遭zāo貶biǎn下xià天tiān門mén,任rèn意yì縱zòng橫héng遊yóu海hǎi外wài。 自zì从cóng遭zāo贬biǎn下xià天tiān门mén,任rèn意yì纵zòng横héng游yóu海hǎi外wài。

Since I was banished down through the Gate of Heaven, it has ranged at will, roaming beyond the seas.

遭貶下天門, 'banished down through Heaven's Gate.' The staff fell with him and has been roving 海外, beyond the seas, ever since. Even the vaunt cannot avoid the shape of the story: everything about this creature points backward to a better position.

不bù當dāng大dà膽dǎn自zì稱chēng誇kuā,天tiān下xià槍qiāng刀dāo難nán比bǐ賽sài。 不bù当dāng大dà胆dǎn自zì称chēng夸kuā,天tiān下xià枪qiāng刀dāo难nán比bǐ赛sài。

It is no rash boast to praise it so: no spear or blade under Heaven could match it in contest.

不當大膽自稱誇, 'this is no over-bold self-praise' (稱 chēng) — the traditional disclaimer that always precedes the least modest line. And here it comes: 難比賽, nothing under Heaven can match it in a contest (難 nán).

看kàn你nǐ那nà個gè鏽xiù釘dīng鈀pá,只zhǐ好hǎo鋤chú田tián與yǔ築zhù菜cài。」 看kàn你nǐ那nà个gè锈xiù钉dīng钯pá,只zhǐ好hǎo锄chú田tián与yǔ筑zhù菜cài。」

Look at that rusty rake of yours — fit only to hoe fields and tamp down cabbage-beds!

那個鏽釘鈀, 'that rusty nailed rake of yours' (那 nà, 鈀 pá), fit for 鋤田與築菜 — hoeing fields and tamping down the cabbage beds. Twelve couplets of moon-trees and jade and divine nature, and it all ends in calling the other man's weapon a garden tool. Which, to be fair, it is.


總評 Commentary

The pattern of the great autobiography repeats in miniature. Bajie mocks the demon-subduing staff as a mourner's cudgel — a stick for leaning on at a funeral — and gets twelve couplets of genealogy in reply, again sung aloud inside the quotation marks. The staff is cut by Wu Gang from the sala tree on the moon, worked by the master carpenter Lu Ban, cored with gold and wound with pearl: a 神兵, a divine weapon, and no mortal implement.

The verse is a second self-portrait wearing a disguise. Where the demon's life traced a fall from Curtain-Raising General to river-fiend, the staff's history traces exactly the same descent — from warding the Hall of Divine Mists and standing guard at the peach banquet to roaming masterless beyond the seas since the banishment. It ends, as martial boasting must, in contempt for the enemy's weapon: the rusty rake, fit only to hoe fields. But the chapter has made its point again by another route. Even this creature's stick is a relic of Heaven.