第二十二回 · 沙僧落髮皈依 The Ordination of Sha the Monk — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

沙僧落髮皈依 The Ordination of Sha the Monk

那nà悟wù淨jìng才cái收shōu了le寶bǎo杖zhàng，整zhěng一yì整zhěng黃huáng錦jǐn直zhí裰duō，跳tiào上shàng岸àn來lái，對duì唐táng僧sēng雙shuāng膝xī跪guì下xià道dào：「師shī父fù，弟dì子zǐ有yǒu眼yǎn無wú珠zhū，不bú認rèn得de師shī父fù的de尊zūn容róng，多duō有yǒu衝chōng撞zhuàng，萬wàn望wàng恕shù罪zuì。」八bā戒jiè道dào：「你nǐ這zhè膿nóng包bāo，怎zěn的de早zǎo不bù皈guī依yī，只zhǐ管guǎn要yào與yǔ我wǒ打dǎ？是shì何hé說shuō話huà？」行xíng者zhě笑xiào道dào：「兄xiōng弟dì，你nǐ莫mò怪guài他tā，還hái是shì我wǒ們men不bù曾céng說shuō出chū取qǔ經jīng的de事shì情qíng與yǔ姓xìng名míng耳ěr。」長zhǎng老lǎo道dào：「你nǐ果guǒ肯kěn誠chéng心xīn皈guī依yī吾wú教jiào麼me？」悟wù淨jìng道dào：「弟dì子zǐ向xiàng蒙méng菩pú薩sà教jiào化huà，指zhǐ沙shā為wéi姓xìng，與yǔ我wǒ起qǐ個gè法fǎ名míng，喚huàn做zuò沙shā悟wù淨jìng，豈qǐ有yǒu不bù從cóng師shī父fù之zhī理lǐ？」三sān藏zàng道dào：「既jì如rú此cǐ，」叫jiào：「悟wù空kōng，取qǔ戒jiè刀dāo來lái，與yǔ他tā落là了le髮fà。」大dà聖shèng依yī言yán，即jí將jiāng戒jiè刀dāo與yǔ他tā剃tì了le頭tóu。又yòu來lái拜bài了le三sān藏zàng，拜bài了le行xíng者zhě與yǔ八bā戒jiè，分fēn了le大dà小xiǎo。三sān藏zàng見jiàn他tā行xíng禮lǐ真zhēn像xiàng個gè和hé尚shàng家jiā風fēng，故gù又yòu叫jiào他tā做zuò沙shā和hé尚shàng。木mù吒zhā道dào：「既jì秉bǐng了le迦jiā持chí，不bú必bì絮xù煩fán，早zǎo與yǔ作zuò法fǎ船chuán去qù來lái。」那nà悟wù净jìng才cái收shōu了le宝bǎo杖zhàng，整zhěng一yì整zhěng黄huáng锦jǐn直zhí裰duō，跳tiào上shàng岸àn来lái，对duì唐táng僧sēng双shuāng膝xī跪guì下xià道dào：「师shī父fù，弟dì子zǐ有yǒu眼yǎn无wú珠zhū，不bú认rèn得de师shī父fù的de尊zūn容róng，多duō有yǒu冲chōng撞zhuàng，万wàn望wàng恕shù罪zuì。」八bā戒jiè道dào：「你nǐ这zhè脓nóng包bāo，怎zěn的de早zǎo不bù皈guī依yī，只zhǐ管guǎn要yào与yǔ我wǒ打dǎ？是shì何hé说shuō话huà？」行xíng者zhě笑xiào道dào：「兄xiōng弟dì，你nǐ莫mò怪guài他tā，还hái是shì我wǒ们men不bù曾céng说shuō出chū取qǔ经jīng的de事shì情qíng与yǔ姓xìng名míng耳ěr。」长zhǎng老lǎo道dào：「你nǐ果guǒ肯kěn诚chéng心xīn皈guī依yī吾wú教jiào么me？」悟wù净jìng道dào：「弟dì子zǐ向xiàng蒙méng菩pú萨sà教jiào化huà，指zhǐ沙shā为wéi姓xìng，与yǔ我wǒ起qǐ个gè法fǎ名míng，唤huàn做zuò沙shā悟wù净jìng，岂qǐ有yǒu不bù从cóng师shī父fù之zhī理lǐ？」三sān藏zàng道dào：「既jì如rú此cǐ，」叫jiào：「悟wù空kōng，取qǔ戒jiè刀dāo来lái，与yǔ他tā落là了le发fà。」大dà圣shèng依yī言yán，即jí将jiāng戒jiè刀dāo与yǔ他tā剃tì了le头tóu。又yòu来lái拜bài了le三sān藏zàng，拜bài了le行xíng者zhě与yǔ八bā戒jiè，分fēn了le大dà小xiǎo。三sān藏zàng见jiàn他tā行xíng礼lǐ真zhēn像xiàng个gè和hé尚shàng家jiā风fēng，故gù又yòu叫jiào他tā做zuò沙shā和hé尚shàng。木mù咤zhā道dào：「既jì秉bǐng了le迦jiā持chí，不bú必bì絮xù烦fán，早zǎo与yǔ作zuò法fǎ船chuán去qù来lái。」

逐句解 Line by line

那nà悟wù淨jìng才cái收shōu了le寶bǎo杖zhàng，整zhěng一yì整zhěng黃huáng錦jǐn直zhí裰duō，跳tiào上shàng岸àn來lái，對duì唐táng僧sēng雙shuāng膝xī跪guì下xià道dào：那nà悟wù净jìng才cái收shōu了le宝bǎo杖zhàng，整zhěng一yì整zhěng黄huáng锦jǐn直zhí裰duō，跳tiào上shàng岸àn来lái，对duì唐táng僧sēng双shuāng膝xī跪guì下xià道dào：

Only then did Wujing put away his precious staff, straighten his yellow brocade robe, spring up onto the bank, and kneel on both knees before the Tang Monk, saying:

黃錦直裰 ('yellow brocade monk's robe'; 那 nà) and 雙膝跪下 ('knelt on both knees') — the demon's submission enacted in the gestures of a disciple before his master.

「師shī父fù，弟dì子zǐ有yǒu眼yǎn無wú珠zhū，不bú認rèn得de師shī父fù的de尊zūn容róng，多duō有yǒu衝chōng撞zhuàng，萬wàn望wàng恕shù罪zuì。」「师shī父fù，弟dì子zǐ有yǒu眼yǎn无wú珠zhū，不bú认rèn得de师shī父fù的de尊zūn容róng，多duō有yǒu冲chōng撞zhuàng，万wàn望wàng恕shù罪zuì。」

'Master, your disciple had eyes but no pupils, and did not know your honoured face; I gave much offence, and earnestly beg forgiveness.'

有眼無珠 ('to have eyes but no pupils,' i.e. to fail to know the worthy) and 不認得師父的尊容 ('did not know the master's honoured face'; 得 de) — the formula of contrition for having fought his own master-to-be.

八bā戒jiè道dào：「你nǐ這zhè膿nóng包bāo，怎zěn的de早zǎo不bù皈guī依yī，只zhǐ管guǎn要yào與yǔ我wǒ打dǎ？是shì何hé說shuō話huà？」八bā戒jiè道dào：「你nǐ这zhè脓nóng包bāo，怎zěn的de早zǎo不bù皈guī依yī，只zhǐ管guǎn要yào与yǔ我wǒ打dǎ？是shì何hé说shuō话huà？」

Bajie said: 'You blister, why didn't you take refuge sooner instead of insisting on fighting me? What sort of talk is that?'

膿包 ('a pus-bag,' a good-for-nothing) — Bajie, still smarting, upbraids the new disciple for the whole needless brawl.

行xíng者zhě笑xiào道dào：「兄xiōng弟dì，你nǐ莫mò怪guài他tā，還hái是shì我wǒ們men不bù曾céng說shuō出chū取qǔ經jīng的de事shì情qíng與yǔ姓xìng名míng耳ěr。」行xíng者zhě笑xiào道dào：「兄xiōng弟dì，你nǐ莫mò怪guài他tā，还hái是shì我wǒ们men不bù曾céng说shuō出chū取qǔ经jīng的de事shì情qíng与yǔ姓xìng名míng耳ěr。」

The Pilgrim said with a laugh: 'Brother, don't blame him — it was only that we never told him about the scripture-quest or who we were.'

還是 ('it was after all'; 還 hái) — even the quick-tempered monkey now assigns the fault to the pilgrims' own silence, not the demon.

長zhǎng老lǎo道dào：「你nǐ果guǒ肯kěn誠chéng心xīn皈guī依yī吾wú教jiào麼me？」悟wù淨jìng道dào：长zhǎng老lǎo道dào：「你nǐ果guǒ肯kěn诚chéng心xīn皈guī依yī吾wú教jiào么me？」悟wù净jìng道dào：

The elder said: 'Are you truly willing, with a sincere heart, to take refuge in my teaching?' Wujing said:

誠心皈依吾教 ('sincerely take refuge in my teaching'; 長 zhǎng, 教 jiào) — the master puts the formal question of ordination.

「弟dì子zǐ向xiàng蒙méng菩pú薩sà教jiào化huà，指zhǐ沙shā為wéi姓xìng，與yǔ我wǒ起qǐ個gè法fǎ名míng，「弟dì子zǐ向xiàng蒙méng菩pú萨sà教jiào化huà，指zhǐ沙shā为wéi姓xìng，与yǔ我wǒ起qǐ个gè法fǎ名míng，

'Your disciple was long ago instructed and converted by the Bodhisattva, who pointed to the sand as my surname and gave me a religious name,

指沙為姓 ('pointed to the sand and made it my surname'; 為 wéi) — Guanyin had already given the demon his monastic name against just this day; 教 jiào.

喚huàn做zuò沙shā悟wù淨jìng，豈qǐ有yǒu不bù從cóng師shī父fù之zhī理lǐ？」唤huàn做zuò沙shā悟wù净jìng，岂qǐ有yǒu不bù从cóng师shī父fù之zhī理lǐ？」

'calling me Sha Wujing — so how could there be any question of my not obeying you, Master?'

豈有不從師父之理 ('how could there be a reason for not following the master') — the demon's assent is framed as the fulfilment of a commitment already made to the Bodhisattva.

三sān藏zàng道dào：「既jì如rú此cǐ，」叫jiào：「悟wù空kōng，取qǔ戒jiè刀dāo來lái，與yǔ他tā落là了le髮fà。」三sān藏zàng道dào：「既jì如rú此cǐ，」叫jiào：「悟wù空kōng，取qǔ戒jiè刀dāo来lái，与yǔ他tā落là了le发fà。」

Sanzang said: 'If that is so —' and called: 'Wukong, fetch the ordination-knife and shave his head.'

戒刀 ('the monastic knife,' used for tonsure; 三藏 zàng) — the master moves at once to the rite that makes the demon a monk.

大dà聖shèng依yī言yán，即jí將jiāng戒jiè刀dāo與yǔ他tā剃tì了le頭tóu。又yòu來lái拜bài了le三sān藏zàng，拜bài了le行xíng者zhě與yǔ八bā戒jiè，分fēn了le大dà小xiǎo。大dà圣shèng依yī言yán，即jí将jiāng戒jiè刀dāo与yǔ他tā剃tì了le头tóu。又yòu来lái拜bài了le三sān藏zàng，拜bài了le行xíng者zhě与yǔ八bā戒jiè，分fēn了le大dà小xiǎo。

The Great Sage did as he was told and shaved his head with the knife. Then Wujing bowed to Sanzang, bowed to the Pilgrim and Bajie, and took his place by seniority.

剃了頭 ('shaved his head'; 將 jiāng, 三藏 zàng, 行 xíng) and 分了大小 ('settled the order of seniority'; 分 fēn) — the tonsure and the ordering of the brotherhood complete his entry into the band.

三sān藏zàng見jiàn他tā行xíng禮lǐ真zhēn像xiàng個gè和hé尚shàng家jiā風fēng，故gù又yòu叫jiào他tā做zuò沙shā和hé尚shàng。三sān藏zàng见jiàn他tā行xíng礼lǐ真zhēn像xiàng个gè和hé尚shàng家jiā风fēng，故gù又yòu叫jiào他tā做zuò沙shā和hé尚shàng。

Seeing how his bows had the true bearing of a monk, Sanzang gave him the further name of Sha the Monk.

和尚家風 ('the manner of a monk'; 三藏 zàng, 行 xíng) — the master confers the familiar name 沙和尚 ('Monk Sha') by which the disciple will be known.

木mù吒zhā道dào：「既jì秉bǐng了le迦jiā持chí，不bú必bì絮xù煩fán，早zǎo與yǔ作zuò法fǎ船chuán去qù來lái。」木mù咤zhā道dào：「既jì秉bǐng了le迦jiā持chí，不bú必bì絮xù烦fán，早zǎo与yǔ作zuò法fǎ船chuán去qù来lái。」

Mokṣa said: 'Since he has now taken the vows, there's no need for more ado — let us make the dharma-boat at once.'

既秉了迦持 ('having now received the discipline') and 早與作法船 ('make the dharma-boat soon') — Mokṣa turns from the ordination to the crossing it makes possible.

總評 Commentary

The demon's conversion is formalized here in the rites of ordination. He puts away his staff, kneels before the Tang Monk, confesses in the humble formula of one who 'had eyes but no pupils,' and is tonsured with the monastic knife; he bows to master and brothers and takes his place among them. The scene turns entirely on things said and done in due form — the master's question of sincerity, the disciple's assent, the shaving of the head — the opposite of the three days of speechless combat that preceded it.

Two points close the pattern of names that has run through the chapter. Wujing reveals that Guanyin had already given him his surname and religious name — 沙悟淨, 'Sand, Awakened to Purity' — against this very meeting, so his submission fulfils a prior commitment rather than marking a defeat. And Sanzang, seeing his monkish bearing, adds the homely name 沙和尚, 'Monk Sha,' by which he will be known for the rest of the journey. Even the monkey, so ready to blame, now lays the whole needless quarrel to the pilgrims' own silence — the chapter's insistence that the barrier was a failure of disclosure, made complete.