Canonical Classics ← 第二十二回
第二十二回
八bā戒jiè大dà戰zhàn流liú沙shā河hé
木mù叉chā奉fèng法fǎ收shōu悟wù淨jìng

Bajie Does Great Battle at the River of Flowing Sands · Mokṣa, Bearing the Dharma-Command, Wins Over Wujing

八戒下水
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

八戒下水 Bajie Takes to the Water

八bā戒jiè道dào:「老lǎo豬zhū當dāng年nián總zǒng督dū天tiān河hé,掌zhǎng管guǎn了le八bā萬wàn水shuǐ兵bīng大dà眾zhòng,倒dào學xué得de知zhī些xiē水shuǐ性xìng。卻què只zhǐ怕pà那nà水shuǐ裡lǐ有yǒu甚shén麼me眷juàn族zú老lǎo小xiǎo,七qī窩wō八bā代dài的de都dōu來lái,我wǒ就jiù弄nòng他tā不bú過guò,一yì時shí不bú被bèi他tā撈lāo去qù耶yé?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ若ruò到dào他tā水shuǐ中zhōng與yǔ他tā交jiāo戰zhàn,卻què不bú要yào戀liàn戰zhàn,許xǔ敗bài不bù許xǔ勝shèng,把bǎ他tā引yǐn將jiāng出chū來lái,等děng老lǎo孫sūn下xià手shǒu助zhù你nǐ。」八bā戒jiè道dào:「言yán得de是shì,我wǒ去qù耶yé。」說shuō聲shēng去qù,就jiù剝bō了le青qīng錦jǐn直zhí裰duō,脫tuō了le鞋xié,雙shuāng手shǒu舞wǔ鈀pá,分fēn開kāi水shuǐ路lù,使shǐ出chū那nà當dāng年nián舊jiù手shǒu段duàn,躍yuè浪làng翻fān波bō,撞zhuàng將jiāng進jìn去qù,徑jìng至zhì水shuǐ底dǐ之zhī下xià,往wǎng前qián正zhèng走zǒu。八bā戒jiè道dào:「老lǎo猪zhū当dāng年nián总zǒng督dū天tiān河hé,掌zhǎng管guǎn了le八bā万wàn水shuǐ兵bīng大dà众zhòng,倒dào学xué得de知zhī些xiē水shuǐ性xìng。却què只zhǐ怕pà那nà水shuǐ里lǐ有yǒu甚shén么me眷juàn族zú老lǎo小xiǎo,七qī窝wō八bā代dài的de都dōu来lái,我wǒ就jiù弄nòng他tā不bú过guò,一yì时shí不bú被bèi他tā捞lāo去qù耶yé?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ若ruò到dào他tā水shuǐ中zhōng与yǔ他tā交jiāo战zhàn,却què不bú要yào恋liàn战zhàn,许xǔ败bài不bù许xǔ胜shèng,把bǎ他tā引yǐn将jiāng出chū来lái,等děng老lǎo孙sūn下xià手shǒu助zhù你nǐ。」八bā戒jiè道dào:「言yán得de是shì,我wǒ去qù耶yé。」说shuō声shēng去qù,就jiù剥bō了le青qīng锦jǐn直zhí裰duō,脱tuō了le鞋xié,双shuāng手shǒu舞wǔ钯pá,分fēn开kāi水shuǐ路lù,使shǐ出chū那nà当dāng年nián旧jiù手shǒu段duàn,跃yuè浪làng翻fān波bō,撞zhuàng将jiāng进jìn去qù,径jìng至zhì水shuǐ底dǐ之zhī下xià,往wǎng前qián正zhèng走zǒu。


逐句解 Line by line

八bā戒jiè道dào:「老lǎo豬zhū當dāng年nián總zǒng督dū天tiān河hé,掌zhǎng管guǎn了le八bā萬wàn水shuǐ兵bīng大dà眾zhòng,倒dào學xué得de知zhī些xiē水shuǐ性xìng。 八bā戒jiè道dào:「老lǎo猪zhū当dāng年nián总zǒng督dū天tiān河hé,掌zhǎng管guǎn了le八bā万wàn水shuǐ兵bīng大dà众zhòng,倒dào学xué得de知zhī些xiē水shuǐ性xìng。

Bajie said: 'In my day old Hog was Grand Marshal of the Heavenly River, with command over eighty thousand marine troops, and so I did pick up some knowledge of the water.'

Bajie's résumé, produced at exactly the right moment. 總督天河 — Grand Marshal of the Heavenly River, his old celestial rank as 天蓬元帥 — with 八萬水兵, eighty thousand marines, under him. 學得知些水性, 'so I did pick up something of the water's ways' (得 de). The modesty is false and doing a lot of work: he is the only one here who can do this job at all.

卻què只zhǐ怕pà那nà水shuǐ裡lǐ有yǒu甚shén麼me眷juàn族zú老lǎo小xiǎo,七qī窩wō八bā代dài的de都dōu來lái, 却què只zhǐ怕pà那nà水shuǐ里lǐ有yǒu甚shén么me眷juàn族zú老lǎo小xiǎo,七qī窝wō八bā代dài的de都dōu来lái,

'My only fear is that down in the water he may have kinsfolk, young and old — the whole brood of seven nests and eight generations coming at once,

And immediately the nerve goes. 七窩八代 — 'seven nests and eight generations' — is vernacular hyperbole for a whole swarming clan, the Chinese for every cousin twice removed turning up at once. 甚麼眷族, 'relatives of some sort' (甚 shén), and 都來, all of them arriving together (都 dōu).

我wǒ就jiù弄nòng他tā不bú過guò,一yì時shí不bú被bèi他tā撈lāo去qù耶yé?」 我wǒ就jiù弄nòng他tā不bú过guò,一yì时shí不bú被bèi他tā捞lāo去qù耶yé?」

'and then I'd be no match for him — might I not, for once, be dragged off by him?'

弄他不過, 'I'd not get the better of him,' and 不被他撈去 — 'mightn't I get fished out?' (Both instances of 不 lift to bú before the falling tones that follow.) The worry is perfectly in character: he volunteers, then at once pictures the worst thing that could happen to him personally.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ若ruò到dào他tā水shuǐ中zhōng與yǔ他tā交jiāo戰zhàn,卻què不bú要yào戀liàn戰zhàn,許xǔ敗bài不bù許xǔ勝shèng, 行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ若ruò到dào他tā水shuǐ中zhōng与yǔ他tā交jiāo战zhàn,却què不bú要yào恋liàn战zhàn,许xǔ败bài不bù许xǔ胜shèng,

The Pilgrim said: 'When you get down into the water and close with him, don't get drawn into a long fight — you may lose, but you mustn't win;

中 is zhōng. The instruction is the interesting part: 不要戀戰, do not fall in love with the fight — and then the paradox, 許敗不許勝, 'you are permitted to lose; you are not permitted to win.' It is a genuinely elegant piece of tactics. Its only flaw is the man giving it.

把bǎ他tā引yǐn將jiāng出chū來lái,等děng老lǎo孫sūn下xià手shǒu助zhù你nǐ。」 把bǎ他tā引yǐn将jiāng出chū来lái,等děng老lǎo孙sūn下xià手shǒu助zhù你nǐ。」

'lure him out, and wait for old Sun to lend a hand.'

引將出來, 'draw him out' (將 jiāng, that directional shove again). Water to Bajie, land to the monkey — a clean division of labour that will fail twice, for a reason neither of them has thought of yet.

八bā戒jiè道dào:「言yán得de是shì,我wǒ去qù耶yé。」 八bā戒jiè道dào:「言yán得de是shì,我wǒ去qù耶yé。」

Bajie said: 'Rightly spoken — I'll go.'

言得是, 'rightly spoken' (得 de). Three characters, and the talking stops.

說shuō聲shēng去qù,就jiù剝bō了le青qīng錦jǐn直zhí裰duō,脫tuō了le鞋xié,雙shuāng手shǒu舞wǔ鈀pá,分fēn開kāi水shuǐ路lù, 说shuō声shēng去qù,就jiù剥bō了le青qīng锦jǐn直zhí裰duō,脱tuō了le鞋xié,双shuāng手shǒu舞wǔ钯pá,分fēn开kāi水shuǐ路lù,

With a word he was off: he stripped off his blue brocade cassock, kicked off his shoes, brandished his rake in both hands, and parted a path through the water,

Gown off, shoes off, rake up, and the water opens. The 青錦直裰 is the blue brocade monk's robe — he takes the monk off to do this — and 分開水路, 'parting a road through the water,' is an old skill coming back to hands that used to know it.

使shǐ出chū那nà當dāng年nián舊jiù手shǒu段duàn,躍yuè浪làng翻fān波bō,撞zhuàng將jiāng進jìn去qù,徑jìng至zhì水shuǐ底dǐ之zhī下xià,往wǎng前qián正zhèng走zǒu。 使shǐ出chū那nà当dāng年nián旧jiù手shǒu段duàn,跃yuè浪làng翻fān波bō,撞zhuàng将jiāng进jìn去qù,径jìng至zhì水shuǐ底dǐ之zhī下xià,往wǎng前qián正zhèng走zǒu。

and calling up the old skills of former days, he leapt the billows and churned the waves, plunged straight in, went down to the very bed of the river, and pressed forward.

那當年舊手段, 'those old skills of years back' (那 nà), and 撞將進去, 'barged his way in' (將 jiāng). For a few lines Bajie stops being the greedy comic and is simply a marine going back down where he belongs.


總評 Commentary

Bajie's moment arrives, and with it the reason he is in this company at all. As the former Grand Marshal of the Heavenly River, with eighty thousand marines once under his command, he is the only pilgrim at home in water — precisely the qualification the monkey has just disclaimed. His willingness comes hedged, as it always does, with a fret about the demon's relatives swarming out of 'seven nests and eight generations': the comic timidity that shades every brave thing he does.

The monkey's orders turn the coming fight into a trick rather than a contest. 許敗不許勝 — 'you may lose, but you may not win' — is a neat instruction, and the passage ends with Bajie shedding his gown, taking up the rake and driving down to the river-bed. The scene is engineered to deliver a second duel underwater. That the trick will fail anyway, because the demon declines the bait, is the frustration the next several passages are built on.