第八回 · 大聖認菩薩 The Great Sage Knows the Bodhisattva — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

大聖認菩薩 The Great Sage Knows the Bodhisattva

師shī徒tú們men正zhèng說shuō話huà處chù，早zǎo驚jīng動dòng了le那nà大dà聖shèng。大dà聖shèng在zài山shān根gēn下xià高gāo叫jiào道dào：「是shì那nǎ個gè在zài山shān上shàng吟yín詩shī，揭jiē我wǒ的de短duǎn哩lī？」菩pú薩sà聞wén言yán，徑jìng下xià山shān來lái尋xún看kàn。只zhǐ見jiàn那nà石shí崖yá之zhī下xià，有yǒu土tǔ地dì、山shān神shén、監jiān押yā大dà聖shèng的de天tiān將jiàng，都dōu來lái拜bài接jiē了le菩pú薩sà，引yǐn至zhì那nà大dà聖shèng面miàn前qián。看kàn時shí，他tā原yuán來lái壓yā於yú石shí匣xiá之zhī中zhōng，口kǒu能néng言yán，身shēn不bù能néng動dòng。菩pú薩sà道dào：「姓xìng孫sūn的de，你nǐ認rèn得de我wǒ麼me？」大dà聖shèng睜zhēng開kāi火huǒ眼yǎn金jīn睛jīng，點diǎn著zhe頭tóu兒ér高gāo叫jiào道dào：「我wǒ怎zěn麼me不bú認rèn得de你nǐ，你nǐ好hǎo的de是shì那nà南nán海hǎi普pǔ陀tuó落luò伽qié山shān救jiù苦kǔ救jiù難nàn大dà慈cí大dà悲bēi南ná無mó觀guān世shì音yīn菩pú薩sà。承chéng看kàn顧gù，承chéng看kàn顧gù。我wǒ在zài此cǐ度dù日rì如rú年nián，更gèng無wú一yí個gè相xiāng知zhī的de來lái看kàn我wǒ一yí看kàn。你nǐ從cóng那nǎ裡lǐ來lái也yě？」师shī徒tú们men正zhèng说shuō话huà处chù，早zǎo惊jīng动dòng了le那nà大dà圣shèng。大dà圣shèng在zài山shān根gēn下xià高gāo叫jiào道dào：「是shì那nǎ个gè在zài山shān上shàng吟yín诗shī，揭jiē我wǒ的de短duǎn哩lī？」菩pú萨sà闻wén言yán，径jìng下xià山shān来lái寻xún看kàn。只zhǐ见jiàn那nà石shí崖yá之zhī下xià，有yǒu土tǔ地dì、山shān神shén、监jiān押yā大dà圣shèng的de天tiān将jiàng，都dōu来lái拜bài接jiē了le菩pú萨sà，引yǐn至zhì那nà大dà圣shèng面miàn前qián。看kàn时shí，他tā原yuán来lái压yā于yú石shí匣xiá之zhī中zhōng，口kǒu能néng言yán，身shēn不bù能néng动dòng。菩pú萨sà道dào：「姓xìng孙sūn的de，你nǐ认rèn得de我wǒ么me？」大dà圣shèng睁zhēng开kāi火huǒ眼yǎn金jīn睛jīng，点diǎn著zhe头tóu儿ér高gāo叫jiào道dào：「我wǒ怎zěn么me不bú认rèn得de你nǐ，你nǐ好hǎo的de是shì那nà南nán海hǎi普pǔ陀tuó落luò伽qié山shān救jiù苦kǔ救jiù难nàn大dà慈cí大dà悲bēi南ná无mó观guān世shì音yīn菩pú萨sà。承chéng看kàn顾gù，承chéng看kàn顾gù。我wǒ在zài此cǐ度dù日rì如rú年nián，更gèng无wú一yí个gè相xiāng知zhī的de来lái看kàn我wǒ一yí看kàn。你nǐ从cóng那nǎ里lǐ来lái也yě？」

逐句解 Line by line

師shī徒tú們men正zhèng說shuō話huà處chù，早zǎo驚jīng動dòng了le那nà大dà聖shèng。师shī徒tú们men正zhèng说shuō话huà处chù，早zǎo惊jīng动dòng了le那nà大dà圣shèng。

As mistress and disciple were speaking, they had already startled the Great Sage.

大dà聖shèng在zài山shān根gēn下xià高gāo叫jiào道dào：「是shì那nǎ個gè在zài山shān上shàng吟yín詩shī，揭jiē我wǒ的de短duǎn哩lī？」大dà圣shèng在zài山shān根gēn下xià高gāo叫jiào道dào：「是shì那nǎ个gè在zài山shān上shàng吟yín诗shī，揭jiē我wǒ的de短duǎn哩lī？」

The Great Sage cried out from the foot of the mountain: “Who is that chanting verse up on the mountain, laying bare my shame?”

那個 here is interrogative (“who”), with 那 read nǎ. 揭我的短 — to expose one's faults.

菩pú薩sà聞wén言yán，徑jìng下xià山shān來lái尋xún看kàn。菩pú萨sà闻wén言yán，径jìng下xià山shān来lái寻xún看kàn。

The Bodhisattva, hearing this, came straight down the mountain to seek him out.

只zhǐ見jiàn那nà石shí崖yá之zhī下xià，有yǒu土tǔ地dì、山shān神shén、監jiān押yā大dà聖shèng的de天tiān將jiàng，都dōu來lái拜bài接jiē了le菩pú薩sà，引yǐn至zhì那nà大dà聖shèng面miàn前qián。只zhǐ见jiàn那nà石shí崖yá之zhī下xià，有yǒu土tǔ地dì、山shān神shén、监jiān押yā大dà圣shèng的de天tiān将jiàng，都dōu来lái拜bài接jiē了le菩pú萨sà，引yǐn至zhì那nà大dà圣shèng面miàn前qián。

She saw beneath the stone cliff the local god, the mountain spirit, and the heavenly generals guarding the Great Sage all come to bow and receive her, and they led her before the Great Sage.

天將 — the heavenly generals set to guard him; 將 is jiàng.

看kàn時shí，他tā原yuán來lái壓yā於yú石shí匣xiá之zhī中zhōng，口kǒu能néng言yán，身shēn不bù能néng動dòng。看kàn时shí，他tā原yuán来lái压yā于yú石shí匣xiá之zhī中zhōng，口kǒu能néng言yán，身shēn不bù能néng动dòng。

Looking, she found him pressed within a stone casket, able to speak but unable to stir his body.

不能 — 不 takes bù before second-tone 能.

菩pú薩sà道dào：「姓xìng孫sūn的de，你nǐ認rèn得de我wǒ麼me？」菩pú萨sà道dào：「姓xìng孙sūn的de，你nǐ认rèn得de我wǒ么me？」

The Bodhisattva said: “You of the surname Sun, do you know me?”

認得 — the complement 得 is neutral-tone de.

大dà聖shèng睜zhēng開kāi火huǒ眼yǎn金jīn睛jīng，點diǎn著zhe頭tóu兒ér高gāo叫jiào道dào：「我wǒ怎zěn麼me不bú認rèn得de你nǐ，你nǐ好hǎo的de是shì那nà南nán海hǎi普pǔ陀tuó落luò伽qié山shān救jiù苦kǔ救jiù難nàn大dà慈cí大dà悲bēi南ná無mó觀guān世shì音yīn菩pú薩sà。大dà圣shèng睁zhēng开kāi火huǒ眼yǎn金jīn睛jīng，点diǎn著zhe头tóu儿ér高gāo叫jiào道dào：「我wǒ怎zěn么me不bú认rèn得de你nǐ，你nǐ好hǎo的de是shì那nà南nán海hǎi普pǔ陀tuó落luò伽qié山shān救jiù苦kǔ救jiù难nàn大dà慈cí大dà悲bēi南ná无mó观guān世shì音yīn菩pú萨sà。

The Great Sage opened wide his fiery eyes and golden pupils, nodded his head, and cried aloud: “How could I not know you! You are none other than the greatly merciful, greatly compassionate Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara of the Southern Sea, of Mount Potalaka, who rescues from suffering and distress — Namo Guanshiyin!

點著 — nodding; the durative 著 is zhe. 不認得 takes bú and neutral de. 落伽 — Potalaka, 伽 read qié; 救難 — 難 read nàn; 南無 (Skt. namas) is read ná mó.

承chéng看kàn顧gù，承chéng看kàn顧gù。承chéng看kàn顾gù，承chéng看kàn顾gù。

I am favored by your regard, favored by your regard!

承看顧 — a humble formula of thanks for another's attention.

我wǒ在zài此cǐ度dù日rì如rú年nián，更gèng無wú一yí個gè相xiāng知zhī的de來lái看kàn我wǒ一yí看kàn。我wǒ在zài此cǐ度dù日rì如rú年nián，更gèng无wú一yí个gè相xiāng知zhī的de来lái看kàn我wǒ一yí看kàn。

Here I pass each day like a year, with not one soul who knows me coming to give me so much as a look.

相知 — a knowing friend; 相 is xiāng. Each 一 (一個, 一看) takes yí.

你nǐ從cóng那nǎ裡lǐ來lái也yě？」你nǐ从cóng那nǎ里lǐ来lái也yě？」

Where have you come from?”

那裡 is interrogative (“where”), 那 read nǎ.

總評 Commentary

The poem rouses the monkey, and the chapter's central reunion follows. Pinned in his stone casket, able to speak but not to move, Sun Wukong nonetheless recognizes Guanyin at once and pours out her full litany of titles — the first warmth he has been shown in five hundred years.

The scene turns on a sudden pathos beneath the bravado. His complaint — 我在此度日如年，更無一個相知的來看我一看, that no one who knows him has come even to look — is among the most affecting lines in the early novel, exposing the loneliness under the rebel's defiance. The monkey who defied all Heaven is reduced to longing for a single visitor.

Following Anthony C. Yu, the elaborate recitation of Guanyin's epithets is not mere formula but a sign of the monkey's readiness: he knows exactly who holds the power to free him, and greets her not as a captor but as a savior. The recognition that opened each disciple's conversion here reaches its most important instance, the mind-monkey himself acknowledging the compassion that will redeem him.