Canonical Classics ← 第三十二回
第三十二回
平píng頂dǐng山shān功gōng曹cáo傳chuán信xìn
蓮lián花huā洞dòng木mù母mǔ逢féng災zāi

On Level-Top Mountain the Merit-Officer Brings Word · In the Lotus-Flower Cave the Wood-Mother Meets Disaster

好山
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

好山 A Fine Mountain

師shī徒tú們men上shàng得de山shān來lái,十shí分fēn險xiǎn峻jùn,真zhēn個gè嵯cuó峨é。好hǎo山shān:师shī徒tú们men上shàng得de山shān来lái,十shí分fēn险xiǎn峻jùn,真zhēn个gè嵯cuó峨é。好hǎo山shān:

巍wēi巍wēi峻jùn嶺lǐng,削xuē削xuē尖jiān峰fēng。巍wēi巍wēi峻jùn岭lǐng,削xuē削xuē尖jiān峰fēng。
灣wān環huán深shēn澗jiàn下xià,孤gū峻jùn陡dǒu崖yá邊biān。湾wān环huán深shēn涧jiàn下xià,孤gū峻jùn陡dǒu崖yá边biān。
灣wān環huán深shēn澗jiàn下xià,只zhǐ聽tīng得de唿hū喇lā喇lā戲xì水shuǐ蟒mǎng翻fān身shēn;湾wān环huán深shēn涧jiàn下xià,只zhǐ听tīng得de唿hū喇lā喇lā戏xì水shuǐ蟒mǎng翻fān身shēn;
孤gū峻jùn陡dǒu崖yá邊biān,但dàn見jiàn那nà崒zú嵂lǜ嵂lǜ出chū林lín虎hǔ剪jiǎn尾wěi。孤gū峻jùn陡dǒu崖yá边biān,但dàn见jiàn那nà崒zú嵂lǜ嵂lǜ出chū林lín虎hǔ剪jiǎn尾wěi。
往wǎng上shàng看kàn,巒luán頭tóu突tū兀wù透tòu青qīng霄xiāo;往wǎng上shàng看kàn,峦luán头tóu突tū兀wù透tòu青qīng霄xiāo;
回huí眼yǎn觀guān,壑hè下xià深shēn沉chén鄰lín碧bì落luò。回huí眼yǎn观guān,壑hè下xià深shēn沉chén邻lín碧bì落luò。
上shàng高gāo來lái,似sì梯tī似sì凳dèng;上shàng高gāo来lái,似sì梯tī似sì凳dèng;
下xià低dī行xíng,如rú塹qiàn如rú坑kēng。下xià低dī行xíng,如rú堑qiàn如rú坑kēng。
真zhēn個gè是shì古gǔ怪guài巔diān峰fēng嶺lǐng,果guǒ然rán是shì連lián尖jiān削xuē壁bì崖yá。真zhēn个gè是shì古gǔ怪guài巅diān峰fēng岭lǐng,果guǒ然rán是shì连lián尖jiān削xuē壁bì崖yá。
巔diān峰fēng嶺lǐng上shàng,採cǎi藥yào人rén尋xún思sī怕pà走zǒu;巅diān峰fēng岭lǐng上shàng,采cǎi药yào人rén寻xún思sī怕pà走zǒu;
削xuē壁bì崖yá前qián,打dǎ柴chái夫fū寸cùn步bù難nán行xíng。削xuē壁bì崖yá前qián,打dǎ柴chái夫fū寸cùn步bù难nán行xíng。
胡hú羊yáng野yě馬mǎ亂luàn攛cuān梭suō,狡jiǎo兔tù山shān牛niú如rú佈bù陣zhèn。胡hú羊yáng野yě马mǎ乱luàn撺cuān梭suō,狡jiǎo兔tù山shān牛niú如rú布bù阵zhèn。
山shān高gāo蔽bì日rì遮zhē星xīng斗dǒu,時shí逢féng妖yāo獸shòu與yǔ蒼cāng狼láng。山shān高gāo蔽bì日rì遮zhē星xīng斗dǒu,时shí逢féng妖yāo兽shòu与yǔ苍cāng狼láng。
草cǎo徑jìng迷mí漫màn難nán進jìn馬mǎ,怎zěn得dé雷léi音yīn見jiàn佛fó王wáng?草cǎo径jìng迷mí漫màn难nán进jìn马mǎ,怎zěn得dé雷léi音yīn见jiàn佛fó王wáng?

逐句解 Line by line

師shī徒tú們men上shàng得de山shān來lái,十shí分fēn險xiǎn峻jùn,真zhēn個gè嵯cuó峨é。 师shī徒tú们men上shàng得de山shān来lái,十shí分fēn险xiǎn峻jùn,真zhēn个gè嵯cuó峨é。

Master and disciples made their way up the mountain — utterly precipitous it was, and truly craggy and towering.

They start climbing, and the narrator reaches for the big words. 嵯峨, cuó é, "jagged and towering." In 上得山來 the 得 is the light de linking verb to result.

好hǎo山shān: 好hǎo山shān:

A fine mountain! —

好山, hǎo shān — "what a mountain!" Two characters and a colon: the storyteller clearing his throat before a set-piece poem. Everything that follows until the next stretch of dialogue is that poem.

巍wēi巍wēi峻jùn嶺lǐng,削xuē削xuē尖jiān峰fēng。 巍wēi巍wēi峻jùn岭lǐng,削xuē削xuē尖jiān峰fēng。

Lofty, lofty, the steep ranges; sheer, sheer, the pointed peaks.

The poem opens with doubled words, the standard trick for making a landscape loom. 巍巍, wēi wēi, "high, high"; 削削, xuē xuē, "sheer, sheer" — 削 read xuē, the sense of a thing pared with a knife.

灣wān環huán深shēn澗jiàn下xià,孤gū峻jùn陡dǒu崖yá邊biān。 湾wān环huán深shēn涧jiàn下xià,孤gū峻jùn陡dǒu崖yá边biān。

Below, deep ravines coil and wind; at the brink, lone crags rise sheer.

灣環, wān huán, "looping and coiling," of a ravine; 陡崖, dǒu yá, a cliff that drops straight down.

灣wān環huán深shēn澗jiàn下xià,只zhǐ聽tīng得de唿hū喇lā喇lā戲xì水shuǐ蟒mǎng翻fān身shēn; 湾wān环huán深shēn涧jiàn下xià,只zhǐ听tīng得de唿hū喇lā喇lā戏xì水shuǐ蟒mǎng翻fān身shēn;

Below the coiling deep ravines, one hears only the splash and churn as a water-sporting python rolls its bulk;

The poem now takes each half of the previous line and expands it. First the ravine: 唿喇喇, hū lā lā, is the noise itself, water being thrashed — the characters are chosen for sound, not sense. 蟒, mǎng, is a python. 得 is de.

孤gū峻jùn陡dǒu崖yá邊biān,但dàn見jiàn那nà崒zú嵂lǜ嵂lǜ出chū林lín虎hǔ剪jiǎn尾wěi。 孤gū峻jùn陡dǒu崖yá边biān,但dàn见jiàn那nà崒zú嵂lǜ嵂lǜ出chū林lín虎hǔ剪jiǎn尾wěi。

at the lone sheer crag-edge, one sees only, jutting and jagged, a tiger come out of the wood, its tail snapping.

Then the cliff. 崒嵂嵂, zú lǜ lǜ, "craggy and sawtoothed"; 剪尾, "scissoring the tail," the flick a big cat gives before it moves. 那 is nà.

往wǎng上shàng看kàn,巒luán頭tóu突tū兀wù透tòu青qīng霄xiāo; 往wǎng上shàng看kàn,峦luán头tóu突tū兀wù透tòu青qīng霄xiāo;

Look upward: the peak-crowns thrust abruptly through the blue empyrean;

Look up. 突兀, tū wù, "sticking out abruptly" — still the ordinary modern word for something that appears out of nowhere. 青霄, qīng xiāo, "the blue heights."

回huí眼yǎn觀guān,壑hè下xià深shēn沉chén鄰lín碧bì落luò。 回huí眼yǎn观guān,壑hè下xià深shēn沉chén邻lín碧bì落luò。

turn the eye: the gorge-depths sink profound, bordering the azure void.

Look down. 碧落, bì luò, "the azure void," is properly a Daoist name for the highest heaven, so a gorge that "borders" it is a nice piece of vertigo: the drop is so deep it comes out at the sky. 壑 is hè, a gorge.

上shàng高gāo來lái,似sì梯tī似sì凳dèng; 上shàng高gāo来lái,似sì梯tī似sì凳dèng;

Climbing high, it is like a ladder, like a footstool;

似梯似凳, sì tī sì dèng, "like a ladder, like a stool" — 似 read sì.

下xià低dī行xíng,如rú塹qiàn如rú坑kēng。 下xià低dī行xíng,如rú堑qiàn如rú坑kēng。

descending low, it is like a moat, like a pit.

如塹如坑, rú qiàn rú kēng, "like a moat, like a pit." Up is furniture you climb; down is a hole you fall into.

真zhēn個gè是shì古gǔ怪guài巔diān峰fēng嶺lǐng,果guǒ然rán是shì連lián尖jiān削xuē壁bì崖yá。 真zhēn个gè是shì古gǔ怪guài巅diān峰fēng岭lǐng,果guǒ然rán是shì连lián尖jiān削xuē壁bì崖yá。

Truly these are weird and wondrous summit-ranges; sure enough, these are serried points and sheer-cut cliff-walls.

The poem restates its subject before the second half. 巔峰嶺, diān fēng lǐng, "peak-and-summit ridges"; 削壁崖, "pared-wall cliffs," 削 again xuē.

巔diān峰fēng嶺lǐng上shàng,採cǎi藥yào人rén尋xún思sī怕pà走zǒu; 巅diān峰fēng岭lǐng上shàng,采cǎi药yào人rén寻xún思sī怕pà走zǒu;

On the summit-ranges the herb-gatherer, pondering, dreads to go;

採藥人, cǎi yào rén, the herb-gatherer who works high ground for medicinal plants. 尋思, "to turn a thing over in the mind."

削xuē壁bì崖yá前qián,打dǎ柴chái夫fū寸cùn步bù難nán行xíng。 削xuē壁bì崖yá前qián,打dǎ柴chái夫fū寸cùn步bù难nán行xíng。

before the sheer cliff-walls the woodcutter finds each inch of ground hard to tread.

And the second figure. 打柴夫, dǎ chái fū, the woodcutter — remember him, because one steps out of the scenery and into the story in the very next passage. 寸步難行, "you cannot advance an inch," is still the everyday phrase for being completely stuck, in traffic or in a negotiation.

胡hú羊yáng野yě馬mǎ亂luàn攛cuān梭suō,狡jiǎo兔tù山shān牛niú如rú佈bù陣zhèn。 胡hú羊yáng野yě马mǎ乱luàn撺cuān梭suō,狡jiǎo兔tù山shān牛niú如rú布bù阵zhèn。

Wild sheep and feral horses dart and shuttle in confusion; cunning hares and mountain oxen stand as if drawn up in ranks.

攛梭, cuān suō, "to dart like a weaver's shuttle." 佈陣, bù zhèn, "drawn up in battle order" — the text writes 佈, the fuller written form of 布. Hares and oxen standing in ranks: even the wildlife here looks like an army.

山shān高gāo蔽bì日rì遮zhē星xīng斗dǒu,時shí逢féng妖yāo獸shòu與yǔ蒼cāng狼láng。 山shān高gāo蔽bì日rì遮zhē星xīng斗dǒu,时shí逢féng妖yāo兽shòu与yǔ苍cāng狼láng。

The mountain's height veils the sun and screens the Dipper's stars; ever and again one meets goblin-beasts and grey wolves.

星斗, xīng dǒu, "the stars and the Dipper," with 斗 read dǒu. 蒼狼, the grey wolf. A mountain so high it blocks out the sky, and full of things with teeth.

草cǎo徑jìng迷mí漫màn難nán進jìn馬mǎ,怎zěn得dé雷léi音yīn見jiàn佛fó王wáng? 草cǎo径jìng迷mí漫màn难nán进jìn马mǎ,怎zěn得dé雷léi音yīn见jiàn佛fó王wáng?

The grassy path, blurred and overgrown, is hard to urge a horse along — how shall one reach the Thunderclap, to look upon the Buddha-King?

The poem ends by remembering what all this is for. 雷音, Léi yīn, is Thunderclap Monastery, the Buddha's seat in the far west and the whole point of the journey. 怎得, zěn dé, "how is one to reach" — 得 here dé; 佛 is fó.


總評 Commentary

The mountain gets a 賦, a rhapsody — a long unmetred set-piece built out of stock components, the way a film composer builds a menace cue out of stock intervals. Everything in it is standard issue: towering ridges, coiling ravines with a python thrashing in the water, sheer cliffs with a tiger sliding out of the trees, a gorge so deep it seems to open on the sky, slopes like ladders going up and pits going down. Read it as scene-setting with a purpose. The catalogue of hazard is here to make the demon-kings inside the mountain feel earned before they appear.

Two of the figures are worth marking. The rhapsody puts an herb-gatherer who "thinks about it and dreads to go" and a woodcutter who cannot move an inch into its danger list — and in the next passage a woodcutter walks out of exactly this scenery and speaks. He will turn out to be a celestial officer in disguise, but the poem has already planted him. The last line folds the whole landscape back into the mission: 怎得雷音見佛王, "how is one ever to reach Thunderclap and see the Buddha-King?" The danger is being weighed against the destination.