Canonical Classics ← 第二十一回
第二十一回
護hù法fǎ設shè莊zhuāng留liú大dà聖shèng
須xū彌mí靈líng吉jí定dìng風fēng魔mó

The Dharma-Protectors Set Up a Farmstead to Lodge the Great Sage · From Mount Sumeru, Lingji Subdues the Wind-Demon

三昧神風
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拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

三昧神風 The Wind of Samādhi

他tā兄xiōng弟dì們men牽qiān馬mǎ挑tiāo擔dàn而ér入rù,徑jìng至zhì裡lǐ邊biān,拴shuān馬mǎ歇xiē擔dàn,與yǔ莊zhuāng老lǎo拜bài見jiàn敘xù坐zuò。又yòu有yǒu蒼cāng頭tóu獻xiàn茶chá。茶chá罷bà,捧pěng出chū幾jǐ碗wǎn胡hú麻má飯fàn。飯fàn畢bì,命mìng設shè鋪pù就jiù寢qǐn。行xíng者zhě道dào:「不bú睡shuì還hái可kě,敢gǎn問wèn善shàn人rén,貴guì地dì可kě有yǒu賣mài眼yǎn藥yào的de?」老lǎo者zhě道dào:「是shì那nǎ位wèi長zhǎng老lǎo害hài眼yǎn?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「不bù瞞mán你nǐ老lǎo人rén家jiā說shuō,我wǒ們men出chū家jiā人rén自zì來lái無wú病bìng,從cóng不bù曉xiǎo得dé害hài眼yǎn。」老lǎo人rén道dào:「既jì不bú害hài眼yǎn,如rú何hé討tǎo藥yào?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「我wǒ們men今jīn日rì在zài黃huáng風fēng洞dòng口kǒu救jiù我wǒ師shī父fù,不bù期qī被bèi那nà怪guài將jiāng一yì口kǒu風fēng噴pēn來lái,吹chuī得de我wǒ眼yǎn珠zhū酸suān痛tòng,今jīn有yǒu些xiē眼yǎn淚lèi汪wāng汪wāng,故gù此cǐ要yào尋xún眼yǎn藥yào。」那nà老lǎo者zhě道dào:「善shàn哉zāi,善shàn哉zāi!你nǐ這zhè個gè長zhǎng老lǎo,小xiǎo小xiǎo的de年nián紀jì,怎zěn麼me說shuō謊huǎng?那nà黃huáng風fēng大dà王wáng,風fēng最zuì利lì害hài。他tā那nà風fēng,比bǐ不bù得dé甚shén麼me春chūn秋qiū風fēng、松sōng竹zhú風fēng與yǔ那nà東dōng西xī南nán北běi風fēng。……」八bā戒jiè道dào:「想xiǎng必bì是shì夾jiā腦nǎo風fēng、羊yáng耳ěr風fēng、大dà麻má風fēng、偏piān正zhèng頭tóu風fēng?」長zhǎng者zhě道dào:「不bú是shì,不bú是shì。他tā叫jiào做zuò三sān昧mèi神shén風fēng。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「怎zěn見jiàn得dé?」老lǎo者zhě道dào:「那nà風fēng能néng吹chuī天tiān地dì暗àn,善shàn刮guā鬼guǐ神shén愁chóu,裂liè石shí崩bēng崖yá惡è,吹chuī人rén命mìng即jí休xiū。你nǐ們men若ruò遇yù著zháo他tā那nà風fēng吹chuī了le時shí,還hái想xiǎng得dé活huó哩li?只zhǐ除chú是shì神shén仙xiān,方fāng可kě得dé無wú事shì。」他tā兄xiōng弟dì们men牵qiān马mǎ挑tiāo担dàn而ér入rù,径jìng至zhì里lǐ边biān,拴shuān马mǎ歇xiē担dàn,与yǔ庄zhuāng老lǎo拜bài见jiàn叙xù坐zuò。又yòu有yǒu苍cāng头tóu献xiàn茶chá。茶chá罢bà,捧pěng出chū几jǐ碗wǎn胡hú麻má饭fàn。饭fàn毕bì,命mìng设shè铺pù就jiù寝qǐn。行xíng者zhě道dào:「不bú睡shuì还hái可kě,敢gǎn问wèn善shàn人rén,贵guì地dì可kě有yǒu卖mài眼yǎn药yào的de?」老lǎo者zhě道dào:「是shì那nǎ位wèi长zhǎng老lǎo害hài眼yǎn?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「不bù瞒mán你nǐ老lǎo人rén家jiā说shuō,我wǒ们men出chū家jiā人rén自zì来lái无wú病bìng,从cóng不bù晓xiǎo得dé害hài眼yǎn。」老lǎo人rén道dào:「既jì不bú害hài眼yǎn,如rú何hé讨tǎo药yào?」行xíng者zhě道dào:「我wǒ们men今jīn日rì在zài黄huáng风fēng洞dòng口kǒu救jiù我wǒ师shī父fù,不bù期qī被bèi那nà怪guài将jiāng一yì口kǒu风fēng喷pēn来lái,吹chuī得de我wǒ眼yǎn珠zhū酸suān痛tòng,今jīn有yǒu些xiē眼yǎn泪lèi汪wāng汪wāng,故gù此cǐ要yào寻xún眼yǎn药yào。」那nà老lǎo者zhě道dào:「善shàn哉zāi,善shàn哉zāi!你nǐ这zhè个gè长zhǎng老lǎo,小xiǎo小xiǎo的de年nián纪jì,怎zěn么me说shuō谎huǎng?那nà黄huáng风fēng大dà王wáng,风fēng最zuì利lì害hài。他tā那nà风fēng,比bǐ不bù得dé甚shén么me春chūn秋qiū风fēng、松sōng竹zhú风fēng与yǔ那nà东dōng西xī南nán北běi风fēng。……」八bā戒jiè道dào:「想xiǎng必bì是shì夹jiā脑nǎo风fēng、羊yáng耳ěr风fēng、大dà麻má风fēng、偏piān正zhèng头tóu风fēng?」长zhǎng者zhě道dào:「不bú是shì,不bú是shì。他tā叫jiào做zuò三sān昧mèi神shén风fēng。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「怎zěn见jiàn得dé?」老lǎo者zhě道dào:「那nà风fēng能néng吹chuī天tiān地dì暗àn,善shàn刮guā鬼guǐ神shén愁chóu,裂liè石shí崩bēng崖yá恶è,吹chuī人rén命mìng即jí休xiū。你nǐ们men若ruò遇yù着zháo他tā那nà风fēng吹chuī了le时shí,还hái想xiǎng得dé活huó哩li?只zhǐ除chú是shì神shén仙xiān,方fāng可kě得dé无wú事shì。」


逐句解 Line by line

他tā兄xiōng弟dì們men牽qiān馬mǎ挑tiāo擔dàn而ér入rù,徑jìng至zhì裡lǐ邊biān,拴shuān馬mǎ歇xiē擔dàn,與yǔ莊zhuāng老lǎo拜bài見jiàn敘xù坐zuò。 他tā兄xiōng弟dì们men牵qiān马mǎ挑tiāo担dàn而ér入rù,径jìng至zhì里lǐ边biān,拴shuān马mǎ歇xiē担dàn,与yǔ庄zhuāng老lǎo拜bài见jiàn叙xù坐zuò。

The brothers led in the horse and carried in the luggage, went straight through to the inner rooms, tethered the horse and set down the pole, and made their bows to the old squire and sat down with him.

Both 擔 read dàn. 莊老 is the old squire of the farmstead: a title rather than a name, and he will never be given one — which is convenient, since he does not have one.

又yòu有yǒu蒼cāng頭tóu獻xiàn茶chá。茶chá罷bà,捧pěng出chū幾jǐ碗wǎn胡hú麻má飯fàn。飯fàn畢bì,命mìng設shè鋪pù就jiù寢qǐn。 又yòu有yǒu苍cāng头tóu献xiàn茶chá。茶chá罢bà,捧pěng出chū几jǐ碗wǎn胡hú麻má饭fàn。饭fàn毕bì,命mìng设shè铺pù就jiù寝qǐn。

A house-servant brought tea. When the tea was done, several bowls of sesame rice were set out; and when the meal was over, he ordered bedding laid for them to sleep.

蒼頭, "grey-head," is a household servant. And 胡麻飯 is not just supper: sesame rice is what the immortal maidens of Mount Tiantai set before Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao when the two of them wandered into the other world and stayed half a year. The dish has a provenance, and it is a provenance about mortals being fed by beings who are not mortal. 設鋪 takes 鋪 as the noun pù, bedding.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「不bú睡shuì還hái可kě,敢gǎn問wèn善shàn人rén,貴guì地dì可kě有yǒu賣mài眼yǎn藥yào的de?」老lǎo者zhě道dào:「是shì那nǎ位wèi長zhǎng老lǎo害hài眼yǎn?」 行xíng者zhě道dào:「不bú睡shuì还hái可kě,敢gǎn问wèn善shàn人rén,贵guì地dì可kě有yǒu卖mài眼yǎn药yào的de?」老lǎo者zhě道dào:「是shì那nǎ位wèi长zhǎng老lǎo害hài眼yǎn?」

Said the Pilgrim, "Not sleeping would do well enough. But may I ask, good sir, whether in these parts there is anyone who sells eye-medicine?" Said the old man, "Which of the reverend elders suffers in the eyes?"

不睡還可: 還 is hái. In 是那位長老害眼 the 那 is the questioning nǎ, "which." Notice the old man asks the doctor's question before anyone has told him there is a patient.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「不bù瞞mán你nǐ老lǎo人rén家jiā說shuō,我wǒ們men出chū家jiā人rén自zì來lái無wú病bìng,從cóng不bù曉xiǎo得dé害hài眼yǎn。」 行xíng者zhě道dào:「不bù瞒mán你nǐ老lǎo人rén家jiā说shuō,我wǒ们men出chū家jiā人rén自zì来lái无wú病bìng,从cóng不bù晓xiǎo得dé害hài眼yǎn。」

Said the Pilgrim, "I will not deceive you, sir. We who have left the household life are never ill, and have never in our lives known what sore eyes are."

不曉得害眼 takes 得 as de. The Pilgrim opens with a boast dressed up as candour — we holy men are never ill — and the old man is about to catch him in it.

老lǎo人rén道dào:「既jì不bú害hài眼yǎn,如rú何hé討tǎo藥yào?」 老lǎo人rén道dào:「既jì不bú害hài眼yǎn,如rú何hé讨tǎo药yào?」

Said the old man, "If you have no sore eyes, why do you ask for medicine?"

Eleven characters, and the trap shuts. The old man's logic is unanswerable, and the result is that the Pilgrim gets caught telling untruths in a house that is itself one enormous untruth.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「我wǒ們men今jīn日rì在zài黃huáng風fēng洞dòng口kǒu救jiù我wǒ師shī父fù,不bù期qī被bèi那nà怪guài將jiāng一yì口kǒu風fēng噴pēn來lái, 行xíng者zhě道dào:「我wǒ们men今jīn日rì在zài黄huáng风fēng洞dòng口kǒu救jiù我wǒ师shī父fù,不bù期qī被bèi那nà怪guài将jiāng一yì口kǒu风fēng喷pēn来lái,

Said the Pilgrim, "Today at the mouth of the Yellow Wind Cave, as we were rescuing our master, that fiend blew a mouthful of wind at us unlooked-for,

將 is jiāng. 不期 means "unlooked-for" — the Pilgrim conceding, in one word, that he was taken by surprise.

吹chuī得de我wǒ眼yǎn珠zhū酸suān痛tòng,今jīn有yǒu些xiē眼yǎn淚lèi汪wāng汪wāng,故gù此cǐ要yào尋xún眼yǎn藥yào。」 吹chuī得de我wǒ眼yǎn珠zhū酸suān痛tòng,今jīn有yǒu些xiē眼yǎn泪lèi汪wāng汪wāng,故gù此cǐ要yào寻xún眼yǎn药yào。」

and it left the balls of my eyes aching sourly, and now they swim with tears; and that is why I want eye-medicine."

眼淚汪汪, the eyes brimming over. He has now volunteered every detail he began by insisting there was no need to mention.

那nà老lǎo者zhě道dào:「善shàn哉zāi,善shàn哉zāi!你nǐ這zhè個gè長zhǎng老lǎo,小xiǎo小xiǎo的de年nián紀jì,怎zěn麼me說shuō謊huǎng? 那nà老lǎo者zhě道dào:「善shàn哉zāi,善shàn哉zāi!你nǐ这zhè个gè长zhǎng老lǎo,小xiǎo小xiǎo的de年nián纪jì,怎zěn么me说shuō谎huǎng?

Said the old man, "Mercy, mercy! You are a reverend elder of tender years — why do you tell me lies?

善哉,善哉 renders the Sanskrit sādhu, an approving Buddhist exclamation — and the old man uses it to call a monk a liar, which is a small masterpiece of tone. 小小的年紀, "such tender years": the Pilgrim spent five hundred of them pinned under a mountain before this journey even started.

那nà黃huáng風fēng大dà王wáng,風fēng最zuì利lì害hài。他tā那nà風fēng,比bǐ不bù得dé甚shén麼me春chūn秋qiū風fēng、松sōng竹zhú風fēng與yǔ那nà東dōng西xī南nán北běi風fēng。……」 那nà黄huáng风fēng大dà王wáng,风fēng最zuì利lì害hài。他tā那nà风fēng,比bǐ不bù得dé甚shén么me春chūn秋qiū风fēng、松sōng竹zhú风fēng与yǔ那nà东dōng西xī南nán北běi风fēng。……」

That Great King of Yellow Wind — his wind is the most terrible of all. It is no common wind: not the wind of spring or autumn, not the wind of the pines and bamboos, nor any wind of east or west or south or north…"

All three 那 are the pointing nà, and 比不得 takes the "able to" dé. The 世德堂本 prints an ellipsis before the closing quotation mark, ……」 — the old man is being cut off in mid-sentence, and by whom is clear from the next line.

八bā戒jiè道dào:「想xiǎng必bì是shì夾jiā腦nǎo風fēng、羊yáng耳ěr風fēng、大dà麻má風fēng、偏piān正zhèng頭tóu風fēng?」 八bā戒jiè道dào:「想xiǎng必bì是shì夹jiā脑nǎo风fēng、羊yáng耳ěr风fēng、大dà麻má风fēng、偏piān正zhèng头tóu风fēng?」

"It must be the wind of the brain," said Bajie, "or the sheep's-ear wind, or the great leprous wind, or the head-wind that takes one side or the whole of it?"

Bajie interrupts with four disease names — 夾腦風, 羊耳風, 大麻風, 偏正頭風 — and every one of them is a real term from Ming medicine, where 風 means a morbid humour rather than weather. It is the ancestor of the same usage in modern 中風, a stroke. The last is a standing compound: 偏 is one-sided and 正 is central, so 偏正頭風 covers the chronic headache whether it takes half the head or all of it — the medical books pair it the same way, 偏正頭痛. Bajie has heard the word and reached for the only sense of it he happens to know.

長zhǎng者zhě道dào:「不bú是shì,不bú是shì。他tā叫jiào做zuò三sān昧mèi神shén風fēng。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「怎zěn見jiàn得dé?」 长zhǎng者zhě道dào:「不bú是shì,不bú是shì。他tā叫jiào做zuò三sān昧mèi神shén风fēng。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「怎zěn见jiàn得dé?」

"No," said the elder, "none of these. It is called the Wind of the Three Samādhis." Said the Pilgrim, "How can that be seen?"

The name lands, and it is the chapter's central irony. 三昧 is samādhi, the deep absorption of a practitioner in meditation — and it is being used as the brand name of a demon's breath. What makes it worse is that the man supplying the name is himself a spirit in disguise. 怎見得 takes 得 as de.

老lǎo者zhě道dào:「那nà風fēng能néng吹chuī天tiān地dì暗àn,善shàn刮guā鬼guǐ神shén愁chóu,裂liè石shí崩bēng崖yá惡è,吹chuī人rén命mìng即jí休xiū。 老lǎo者zhě道dào:「那nà风fēng能néng吹chuī天tiān地dì暗àn,善shàn刮guā鬼guǐ神shén愁chóu,裂liè石shí崩bēng崖yá恶è,吹chuī人rén命mìng即jí休xiū。

Said the old man, "That wind can blow heaven and earth into darkness, and set the ghosts and spirits grieving; it cracks the stone and brings the cliff down; and a man's life is finished at a breath of it.

Set the topic 那風 aside and what is left is four clauses of five characters each — 能吹天地暗,善刮鬼神愁,裂石崩崖惡,吹人命即休 — with 愁 and 休 rhyming at the ends of the second and fourth. It is a quatrain in everything except announcement. Because no verse tag introduces it, this edition keeps it as prose, following the rule taken at chapter 18 and confirmed at chapter 20. The 維基文庫 text of the 世德堂本 agrees: it sets every genuine poem in this chapter on its own indented lines, and runs these four clauses straight on inside the paragraph.

你nǐ們men若ruò遇yù著zháo他tā那nà風fēng吹chuī了le時shí,還hái想xiǎng得dé活huó哩li?只zhǐ除chú是shì神shén仙xiān,方fāng可kě得dé無wú事shì。」 你nǐ们men若ruò遇yù着zháo他tā那nà风fēng吹chuī了le时shí,还hái想xiǎng得dé活huó哩li?只zhǐ除chú是shì神shén仙xiān,方fāng可kě得dé无wú事shì。」

Should you meet with that wind of his, and it blow upon you — could you hope to be alive? Unless you were an immortal, there would be no coming off unhurt."

遇著 takes 著 as zháo, the reading for something that lands on you: the wind is met, not merely waited for. 還想得活哩 has 得 in the "able to" sense and 哩 as the vernacular tail. That closing exemption for immortals is the loophole the Pilgrim is about to climb through.


總評 Commentary

This is the first half of the chapter's second over-long paragraph, cut where the old man finishes his account of the wind. What happens in it is a comedy of diagnosis. The Pilgrim, who has never been ill in his life, cannot bring himself to say plainly that his eyes hurt; the old man, who is not a man, catches him inside four exchanges; and Bajie, who has followed none of it, produces a list of clinical wind-disorders straight out of a medical primer.

The name, when it arrives, is 三昧神風 — the divine wind of the three samādhis. It is the counterpart of the 三昧真火, the samādhi fire that will nearly finish the Pilgrim in chapter 41, and it belongs properly to the vocabulary of spiritual attainment: samādhi is what the adept achieves after years of sitting. Put into a demon's mouth on Yellow Wind Ridge, the term does what this novel is forever doing with Buddhist terminology — it takes the word without the doctrine, and lets you feel the theft.