第二十一回 · 五更夢醒，四句頌子 The Farmstead Vanishes, and a Gāthā on a Slip of Paper — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

五更夢醒，四句頌子 The Farmstead Vanishes, and a Gāthā on a Slip of Paper

不bù覺jué又yòu是shì五wǔ更gēng將jiāng曉xiǎo。行xíng者zhě抹mǒ抹mǒ臉liǎn，睜zhēng開kāi眼yǎn道dào：「果guǒ然rán好hǎo藥yào，比bǐ常cháng更gèng有yǒu百bǎi分fēn光guāng明míng。」卻què轉zhuǎn頭tóu後hòu邊biān望wàng望wàng，呀ya！那nǎ裡lǐ得dé甚shén房fáng舍shè窗chuāng門mén，但dàn只zhǐ見jiàn些xiē老lǎo槐huái高gāo柳liǔ，兄xiōng弟dì們men都dōu睡shuì在zài那nà綠lǜ莎shā茵yīn上shàng。那nà八bā戒jiè醒xǐng來lái道dào：「哥gē哥gē，你nǐ嚷rǎng怎zěn的de？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「你nǐ睜zhēng開kāi眼yǎn睛jīng看kàn看kàn。」獃dāi子zi忽hū擡tái頭tóu，見jiàn沒méi了le人rén家jiā，慌huāng得de一yì轂gǔ轆lù爬pá將jiāng起qǐ來lái道dào：「我wǒ的de馬mǎ哩lī？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「樹shù上shàng拴shuān的de不bú是shì？」「行xíng李lǐ呢ne？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「你nǐ頭tóu邊biān放fàng的de不bú是shì？」八bā戒jiè道dào：「這zhè家jiā子zi也yě憊bèi懶lǎn，他tā搬bān了le，怎zěn麼me就jiù不bú叫jiào我wǒ們men一yì聲shēng？通tōng得dé老lǎo豬zhū知zhī道dào，也yě好hǎo與yǔ你nǐ送sòng些xiē茶chá果guǒ。想xiǎng是shì躲duǒ門mén戶hù的de，恐kǒng怕pà里lǐ長zhǎng曉xiǎo得de，卻què就jiù連lián夜yè搬bān了le。──噫yī！我wǒ們men也yě忒tè睡shuì得de死sǐ，怎zěn麼me他tā家jiā拆chāi房fáng子zi，響xiǎng也yě不bù聽tīng見jiàn響xiǎng響xiǎng？」行xíng者zhě吸xī吸xī的de笑xiào道dào：「獃dāi子zi，不bú要yào亂luàn嚷rǎng。你nǐ看kàn那nà樹shù上shàng是shì個gè甚shén麼me紙zhǐ帖tiě兒er？」八bā戒jiè走zǒu上shàng前qián，用yòng手shǒu揭jiē了le，原yuán來lái上shàng面miàn四sì句jù頌sòng子zi云yún：不bù觉jué又yòu是shì五wǔ更gēng将jiāng晓xiǎo。行xíng者zhě抹mǒ抹mǒ脸liǎn，睁zhēng开kāi眼yǎn道dào：「果guǒ然rán好hǎo药yào，比bǐ常cháng更gèng有yǒu百bǎi分fēn光guāng明míng。」却què转zhuǎn头tóu后hòu边biān望wàng望wàng，呀ya！那nǎ里lǐ得dé甚shén房fáng舍shè窗chuāng门mén，但dàn只zhǐ见jiàn些xiē老lǎo槐huái高gāo柳liǔ，兄xiōng弟dì们men都dōu睡shuì在zài那nà绿lǜ莎shā茵yīn上shàng。那nà八bā戒jiè醒xǐng来lái道dào：「哥gē哥gē，你nǐ嚷rǎng怎zěn的de？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「你nǐ睁zhēng开kāi眼yǎn睛jīng看kàn看kàn。」呆dāi子zi忽hū擡tái头tóu，见jiàn没méi了le人rén家jiā，慌huāng得de一yì毂gǔ辘lù爬pá将jiāng起qǐ来lái道dào：「我wǒ的de马mǎ哩lī？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「树shù上shàng拴shuān的de不bú是shì？」「行xíng李lǐ呢ne？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「你nǐ头tóu边biān放fàng的de不bú是shì？」八bā戒jiè道dào：「这zhè家jiā子zi也yě惫bèi懒lǎn，他tā搬bān了le，怎zěn么me就jiù不bú叫jiào我wǒ们men一yì声shēng？通tōng得dé老lǎo猪zhū知zhī道dào，也yě好hǎo与yǔ你nǐ送sòng些xiē茶chá果guǒ。想xiǎng是shì躲duǒ门mén户hù的de，恐kǒng怕pà里lǐ长zhǎng晓xiǎo得de，却què就jiù连lián夜yè搬bān了le。──噫yī！我wǒ们men也yě忒tè睡shuì得de死sǐ，怎zěn么me他tā家jiā拆chāi房fáng子zi，响xiǎng也yě不bù听tīng见jiàn响xiǎng响xiǎng？」行xíng者zhě吸xī吸xī的de笑xiào道dào：「呆dāi子zi，不bú要yào乱luàn嚷rǎng。你nǐ看kàn那nà树shù上shàng是shì个gè甚shén么me纸zhǐ帖tiě儿er？」八bā戒jiè走zǒu上shàng前qián，用yòng手shǒu揭jiē了le，原yuán来lái上shàng面miàn四sì句jù颂sòng子zi云yún：

莊zhuāng居jū非fēi是shì俗sú人rén居jū，護hù法fǎ伽qié藍lán點diǎn化huà廬lú。庄zhuāng居jū非fēi是shì俗sú人rén居jū，护hù法fǎ伽qié蓝lán点diǎn化huà庐lú。

妙miào藥yào與yǔ君jūn醫yī眼yǎn痛tòng，盡jìn心xīn降xiáng怪guài莫mò躊chóu躇chú。妙miào药yào与yǔ君jūn医yī眼yǎn痛tòng，尽jìn心xīn降xiáng怪guài莫mò踌chóu躇chú。

逐句解 Line by line

不bù覺jué又yòu是shì五wǔ更gēng將jiāng曉xiǎo。行xíng者zhě抹mǒ抹mǒ臉liǎn，睜zhēng開kāi眼yǎn道dào：「果guǒ然rán好hǎo藥yào，比bǐ常cháng更gèng有yǒu百bǎi分fēn光guāng明míng。」不bù觉jué又yòu是shì五wǔ更gēng将jiāng晓xiǎo。行xíng者zhě抹mǒ抹mǒ脸liǎn，睁zhēng开kāi眼yǎn道dào：「果guǒ然rán好hǎo药yào，比bǐ常cháng更gèng有yǒu百bǎi分fēn光guāng明míng。」

Before he knew it, the fifth watch was drawing toward dawn. The Pilgrim rubbed his face, opened his eyes, and said, "Good medicine indeed! I see a hundredfold more brightly than before."

Two readings of 更 in one segment, requiring a positional fixspec: 五更 is gēng, the night-watch (roughly 3–5 a.m.); 比常更有 is the adverb gèng, "the more." 將曉 takes 將 as jiāng, "about to."

卻què轉zhuǎn頭tóu後hòu邊biān望wàng望wàng，呀ya！那nǎ裡lǐ得dé甚shén房fáng舍shè窗chuāng門mén，但dàn只zhǐ見jiàn些xiē老lǎo槐huái高gāo柳liǔ，兄xiōng弟dì們men都dōu睡shuì在zài那nà綠lǜ莎shā茵yīn上shàng。却què转zhuǎn头tóu后hòu边biān望wàng望wàng，呀ya！那nǎ里lǐ得dé甚shén房fáng舍shè窗chuāng门mén，但dàn只zhǐ见jiàn些xiē老lǎo槐huái高gāo柳liǔ，兄xiōng弟dì们men都dōu睡shuì在zài那nà绿lǜ莎shā茵yīn上shàng。

But when he turned his head and looked behind him — why! Where were the house and the rooms and the windows? He saw nothing but old locust trees and tall willows, and his brothers asleep on the green turf.

那裡得甚房舍窗門: the first 那 is interrogative nǎ ("where"), the second demonstrative nà; 得 is the potential dé, and 甚 is shén, "any." 綠莎茵 — a mat of green sedge. The exclamation 呀！ is the Pilgrim's, and it is the first thing he sees with his mended eyes.

那nà八bā戒jiè醒xǐng來lái道dào：「哥gē哥gē，你nǐ嚷rǎng怎zěn的de？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「你nǐ睜zhēng開kāi眼yǎn睛jīng看kàn看kàn。」那nà八bā戒jiè醒xǐng来lái道dào：「哥gē哥gē，你nǐ嚷rǎng怎zěn的de？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「你nǐ睁zhēng开kāi眼yǎn睛jīng看kàn看kàn。」

Bajie woke and said, "Brother, what are you shouting about?" Said the Pilgrim, "Open your eyes and look."

The Pilgrim, having his sight back, says nothing but "open your eyes." The economy is the author's, not the character's.

獃dāi子zi忽hū擡tái頭tóu，見jiàn沒méi了le人rén家jiā，慌huāng得de一yì轂gǔ轆lù爬pá將jiāng起qǐ來lái道dào：「我wǒ的de馬mǎ哩lī？」呆dāi子zi忽hū擡tái头tóu，见jiàn没méi了le人rén家jiā，慌huāng得de一yì毂gǔ辘lù爬pá将jiāng起qǐ来lái道dào：「我wǒ的de马mǎ哩lī？」

The Idiot lifted his head of a sudden, saw no house at all, and scrambled up in a fright, rolling over as he went. "And where is my horse?" he cried.

一轂轆, "in a roll, head over heels" — an onomatopoeic vernacular adverb (compare 一骨魯, ch16). 爬將起來 takes 將 as the directional jiāng. Bajie asks after the horse before the baggage, and after both before his master.

行xíng者zhě道dào：「樹shù上shàng拴shuān的de不bú是shì？」「行xíng李lǐ呢ne？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「你nǐ頭tóu邊biān放fàng的de不bú是shì？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「树shù上shàng拴shuān的de不bú是shì？」「行xíng李lǐ呢ne？」行xíng者zhě道dào：「你nǐ头tóu边biān放fàng的de不bú是shì？」

Said the Pilgrim, "Is that not it tied to the tree?" "And the baggage?" Said the Pilgrim, "Is that not it, lying at your head?"

Three short speeches, and the Pilgrim has to tell him where his own belongings are. The novel is very patient with Bajie in this chapter, and very exact about him.

八bā戒jiè道dào：「這zhè家jiā子zi也yě憊bèi懶lǎn，他tā搬bān了le，怎zěn麼me就jiù不bú叫jiào我wǒ們men一yì聲shēng？八bā戒jiè道dào：「这zhè家jiā子zi也yě惫bèi懒lǎn，他tā搬bān了le，怎zěn么me就jiù不bú叫jiào我wǒ们men一yì声shēng？

Said Bajie, "This family is a shabby lot. They have moved, and never so much as called out to us.

憊懶, "shabby, good-for-nothing." Bajie has arrived at the only explanation available to him, and he will now defend it at length.

通tōng得dé老lǎo豬zhū知zhī道dào，也yě好hǎo與yǔ你nǐ送sòng些xiē茶chá果guǒ。想xiǎng是shì躲duǒ門mén戶hù的de，恐kǒng怕pà里lǐ長zhǎng曉xiǎo得de，卻què就jiù連lián夜yè搬bān了le。通tōng得dé老lǎo猪zhū知zhī道dào，也yě好hǎo与yǔ你nǐ送sòng些xiē茶chá果guǒ。想xiǎng是shì躲duǒ门mén户hù的de，恐kǒng怕pà里lǐ长zhǎng晓xiǎo得de，却què就jiù连lián夜yè搬bān了le。

Had they let old Hog know, I would have sent you off with a few cakes and some tea. They must have been running from the tax-rolls, and were afraid the headman would find them out, and so they moved by night.

Two readings of 得 here: 通得老豬知道 is the potential dé, 曉得 the resultative de. 躲門戶 is to abscond from the tax and corvée registers; the 里長 (zhǎng) was the headman responsible for reporting them. Bajie has constructed, out of nothing, an entirely plausible Ming rural crime.

──噫yī！我wǒ們men也yě忒tè睡shuì得de死sǐ，怎zěn麼me他tā家jiā拆chāi房fáng子zi，響xiǎng也yě不bù聽tīng見jiàn響xiǎng響xiǎng？」 ──噫yī！我wǒ们men也yě忒tè睡shuì得de死sǐ，怎zěn么me他tā家jiā拆chāi房fáng子zi，响xiǎng也yě不bù听tīng见jiàn响xiǎng响xiǎng？」

— Ah! And we slept too dead. How could they pull the house down and we never hear so much as a sound of it?"

噫 is a sigh of realisation. 忒睡得死: 忒 (tè) the intensifier, 得 resultative. The one thing Bajie will not consider is that the house was never there.

行xíng者zhě吸xī吸xī的de笑xiào道dào：「獃dāi子zi，不bú要yào亂luàn嚷rǎng。你nǐ看kàn那nà樹shù上shàng是shì個gè甚shén麼me紙zhǐ帖tiě兒er？」行xíng者zhě吸xī吸xī的de笑xiào道dào：「呆dāi子zi，不bú要yào乱luàn嚷rǎng。你nǐ看kàn那nà树shù上shàng是shì个gè甚shén么me纸zhǐ帖tiě儿er？」

The Pilgrim laughed through his teeth. "Idiot, do not carry on so. Look — what is that paper slip on the tree?"

吸吸的笑, a laugh drawn in through the teeth. 紙帖兒: 帖 reads tiě, a written slip, and ends in the diminutive er.

八bā戒jiè走zǒu上shàng前qián，用yòng手shǒu揭jiē了le，原yuán來lái上shàng面miàn四sì句jù頌sòng子zi云yún：八bā戒jiè走zǒu上shàng前qián，用yòng手shǒu揭jiē了le，原yuán来lái上shàng面miàn四sì句jù颂sòng子zi云yún：

Bajie went up, pulled it off with his hand, and there upon it were four lines of a gāthā, which said:

四句頌子云： — "four lines of a gāthā, saying:" This is an explicit verse tag: 頌 (Sanskrit gāthā) names the form, and 四句 counts the lines. The quatrain that follows is therefore verse, and takes v:true; the lead-in stays in the prose. The same construction recurs at the old man's slip later in this chapter.

This dwelling was no dwelling of ordinary men: / the dharma-guarding Saṃghārāma raised the hut by transformation.

伽藍 reads qié lán, the standing fix — Sanskrit saṃghārāma, properly the monastery, and by extension the eighteen spirits who guard it. 點化 is the technical verb for raising a thing by transformation, and 廬 is the meanest word for a dwelling: a hut.

The excellent medicine was given to heal your eyes; / bend your whole heart to subduing the fiend, and do not hesitate.

盡心 takes 盡 as jìn, "to exhaust, to give wholly." 降怪 takes 降 as xiáng, "to subdue." 莫躊躇 — do not hesitate: the spirits have healed the Pilgrim's eyes and expect him to go back to work at once.

總評 Commentary

The novel has done this before — the vanished lodging, the note on the tree — but never with this much comic patience. Bajie awake and houseless does not conclude that spirits were at work; he concludes that his hosts were tax-evaders who dismantled their farm and stole away by night, and that they were rude not to say goodbye. He is, on the evidence available to him, being perfectly reasonable, and he is entirely wrong.

The gāthā settles it in twenty-eight graphs. 護法伽藍 — the guardian spirits assigned to the pilgrims by Guanyin in chapter 15 — built the hut, and the ointment was theirs. Note the last line: 盡心降怪莫躊躇, "bend your whole heart to subduing the fiend, and do not hesitate." Heaven is not consoling the Pilgrim. It is telling him to get on with it.