Canonical Classics ← 第十六回
第十六回
觀guān音yīn院yuàn僧sēng謀móu寶bǎo貝bèi
黑hēi風fēng山shān怪guài竊qiè袈jiā裟shā

At the Guanyin Monastery the Monks Plot for the Treasure · At Black Wind Mountain the Fiend Steals the Cassock

七八百件
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

七八百件 Seven or Eight Hundred Cassocks

三sān藏zàng道dào:「可kě憐lián,我wǒ那nà東dōng土tǔ無wú甚shén寶bǎo貝bèi;就jiù有yǒu時shí,路lù程chéng遙yáo遠yuǎn,也yě不bù能néng帶dài得dé。」行xíng者zhě在zài傍páng道dào:「師shī父fù,我wǒ前qián日rì在zài包bāo袱fú裡lǐ,曾céng見jiàn那nà領lǐng袈jiā裟shā,不bú是shì件jiàn寶bǎo貝bèi?拿ná與yǔ他tā看kàn看kàn如rú何hé?」眾zhòng僧sēng聽tīng說shuō袈jiā裟shā,一yí個gè個gè冷lěng笑xiào。行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ笑xiào怎zěn的de?」院yuàn主zhǔ道dào:「老lǎo爺yé才cái說shuō袈jiā裟shā是shì件jiàn寶bǎo貝bèi,言yán實shí可kě笑xiào。若ruò說shuō袈jiā裟shā,似sì我wǒ等děng輩bèi者zhě,不bù止zhǐ二èr三sān十shí件jiàn;若ruò論lùn我wǒ師shī祖zǔ,在zài此cǐ處chù做zuò了le二èr百bǎi五wǔ六liù十shí年nián和hé尚shàng,足zú有yǒu七qī八bā百bǎi件jiàn。」叫jiào:「拿ná出chū來lái看kàn看kàn。」那nà老lǎo和hé尚shàng也yě是shì他tā一yì時shí賣mài弄nòng,便biàn叫jiào道dào人rén開kāi庫kù房fáng,頭tóu陀tuó擡tái櫃guì子zi,就jiù擡tái出chū十shí二èr櫃guì,放fàng在zài天tiān井jǐng中zhōng,開kāi了le鎖suǒ。兩liǎng邊biān設shè下xià衣yī架jià,四sì圍wéi牽qiān了le繩shéng子zi,將jiāng袈jiā裟shā一yí件jiàn件jiàn抖dǒu開kāi掛guà起qǐ,請qǐng三sān藏zàng觀guān看kàn。果guǒ然rán是shì滿mǎn堂táng綺qǐ繡xiù,四sì壁bì綾líng羅luó。三sān藏zàng道dào:「可kě怜lián,我wǒ那nà东dōng土tǔ无wú甚shén宝bǎo贝bèi;就jiù有yǒu时shí,路lù程chéng遥yáo远yuǎn,也yě不bù能néng带dài得dé。」行xíng者zhě在zài傍páng道dào:「师shī父fù,我wǒ前qián日rì在zài包bāo袱fú里lǐ,曾céng见jiàn那nà领lǐng袈jiā裟shā,不bú是shì件jiàn宝bǎo贝bèi?拿ná与yǔ他tā看kàn看kàn如rú何hé?」众zhòng僧sēng听tīng说shuō袈jiā裟shā,一yí个gè个gè冷lěng笑xiào。行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ笑xiào怎zěn的de?」院yuàn主zhǔ道dào:「老lǎo爷yé才cái说shuō袈jiā裟shā是shì件jiàn宝bǎo贝bèi,言yán实shí可kě笑xiào。若ruò说shuō袈jiā裟shā,似sì我wǒ等děng辈bèi者zhě,不bù止zhǐ二èr三sān十shí件jiàn;若ruò论lùn我wǒ师shī祖zǔ,在zài此cǐ处chù做zuò了le二èr百bǎi五wǔ六liù十shí年nián和hé尚shàng,足zú有yǒu七qī八bā百bǎi件jiàn。」叫jiào:「拿ná出chū来lái看kàn看kàn。」那nà老lǎo和hé尚shàng也yě是shì他tā一yì时shí卖mài弄nòng,便biàn叫jiào道dào人rén开kāi库kù房fáng,头tóu陀tuó抬tái柜guì子zi,就jiù抬tái出chū十shí二èr柜guì,放fàng在zài天tiān井jǐng中zhōng,开kāi了le锁suǒ。两liǎng边biān设shè下xià衣yī架jià,四sì围wéi牵qiān了le绳shéng子zi,将jiāng袈jiā裟shā一yí件jiàn件jiàn抖dǒu开kāi挂guà起qǐ,请qǐng三sān藏zàng观guān看kàn。果guǒ然rán是shì满mǎn堂táng绮qǐ绣xiù,四sì壁bì绫líng罗luó。


逐句解 Line by line

三sān藏zàng道dào:「可kě憐lián,我wǒ那nà東dōng土tǔ無wú甚shén寶bǎo貝bèi;就jiù有yǒu時shí,路lù程chéng遙yáo遠yuǎn,也yě不bù能néng帶dài得dé。」 三sān藏zàng道dào:「可kě怜lián,我wǒ那nà东dōng土tǔ无wú甚shén宝bǎo贝bèi;就jiù有yǒu时shí,路lù程chéng遥yáo远yuǎn,也yě不bù能néng带dài得dé。」

Sanzang said, "Alas, in my Land of the East there are no treasures worth the name; and had there been, the road is far, and I could not have carried them."

無甚 is shén, short for 甚麼: "nothing much in the way of." 帶得 takes dé, the reading that means "able to" — could not have brought it. Sanzang's refusal is honest and complete, and it is about to be overturned by his own disciple in the very next line.

行xíng者zhě在zài傍páng道dào:「師shī父fù,我wǒ前qián日rì在zài包bāo袱fú裡lǐ,曾céng見jiàn那nà領lǐng袈jiā裟shā,不bú是shì件jiàn寶bǎo貝bèi? 行xíng者zhě在zài傍páng道dào:「师shī父fù,我wǒ前qián日rì在zài包bāo袱fú里lǐ,曾céng见jiàn那nà领lǐng袈jiā裟shā,不bú是shì件jiàn宝bǎo贝bèi?

The Pilgrim, standing at his side, said, "Master, the other day, in the bundle, I saw that cassock. Is that not a treasure?

傍 is páng, "at the side." 領 is the counting-word proper to robes, as "a head" goes with cattle. This is the hinge of the whole chapter, and it is Wukong who swings it. The disciple lately scolded for not knowing high from low cannot bear to have his master taken for a pauper.

拿ná與yǔ他tā看kàn看kàn如rú何hé?」眾zhòng僧sēng聽tīng說shuō袈jiā裟shā,一yí個gè個gè冷lěng笑xiào。 拿ná与yǔ他tā看kàn看kàn如rú何hé?」众zhòng僧sēng听tīng说shuō袈jiā裟shā,一yí个gè个gè冷lěng笑xiào。

"Suppose we take it out and let him have a look?" Hearing the word cassock, the monks laughed coldly, every one of them.

冷笑 is the cold laugh of connoisseurs. Note that the monks laugh before they have seen anything at all: it is the word cassock that amuses them, because they own eight hundred. It is an expensive mistake to laugh at a garment sewn in Heaven.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ笑xiào怎zěn的de?」院yuàn主zhǔ道dào:「老lǎo爺yé才cái說shuō袈jiā裟shā是shì件jiàn寶bǎo貝bèi,言yán實shí可kě笑xiào。 行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ笑xiào怎zěn的de?」院yuàn主zhǔ道dào:「老lǎo爷yé才cái说shuō袈jiā裟shā是shì件jiàn宝bǎo贝bèi,言yán实shí可kě笑xiào。

"What are you laughing at?" said the Pilgrim. The prior said, "Your reverence has just called a cassock a treasure. The words are laughable indeed.

言實可笑 is "the words truly deserve laughter." The prior speaks for the accumulated expertise of the house — and the house is a fortnight's march from the nearest thing that might correct it.

若ruò說shuō袈jiā裟shā,似sì我wǒ等děng輩bèi者zhě,不bù止zhǐ二èr三sān十shí件jiàn; 若ruò说shuō袈jiā裟shā,似sì我wǒ等děng辈bèi者zhě,不bù止zhǐ二èr三sān十shí件jiàn;

"If we speak of cassocks — of the kind that men such as we possess, there are no fewer than twenty or thirty;

似我等輩者 is "such as the likes of us"; 似 is sì. Watch what happens in these two clauses: the measure of a cassock slides from holiness to number, and nobody in the room notices the substitution being made.

若ruò論lùn我wǒ師shī祖zǔ,在zài此cǐ處chù做zuò了le二èr百bǎi五wǔ六liù十shí年nián和hé尚shàng,足zú有yǒu七qī八bā百bǎi件jiàn。」叫jiào:「拿ná出chū來lái看kàn看kàn。」 若ruò论lùn我wǒ师shī祖zǔ,在zài此cǐ处chù做zuò了le二èr百bǎi五wǔ六liù十shí年nián和hé尚shàng,足zú有yǒu七qī八bā百bǎi件jiàn。」叫jiào:「拿ná出chū来lái看kàn看kàn。」

"and if we speak of our Grand Master, who has been a monk in this place two hundred and fifty or sixty years, he has a full seven or eight hundred." He called out, "Bring them here and let him look."

Here is the exchange rate this house runs on. Two hundred and seventy years of monastic life convert, without a word of embarrassment, into seven or eight hundred robes — and the sum is offered as a proof of eminence, the way a man might mention how many years he has been with the firm. Then 拿出來看看, "bring them out and let him look." The prior who was laughing coldly a moment ago cannot now wait to display.

那nà老lǎo和hé尚shàng也yě是shì他tā一yì時shí賣mài弄nòng,便biàn叫jiào道dào人rén開kāi庫kù房fáng,頭tóu陀tuó擡tái櫃guì子zi, 那nà老lǎo和hé尚shàng也yě是shì他tā一yì时shí卖mài弄nòng,便biàn叫jiào道dào人rén开kāi库kù房fáng,头tóu陀tuó抬tái柜guì子zi,

The old monk, in a moment's vanity of his own, ordered the lay servant to open the storehouse and the ascetics to carry out the chests;

賣弄 is "to show off." 頭陀 (tóu tuó) transliterates Sanskrit dhūta, the discipline of austerity — twelve practices including begging for food and sleeping in the open — and by extension the monks who follow it. This monastery's ascetics are employed shifting its furniture.

就jiù擡tái出chū十shí二èr櫃guì,放fàng在zài天tiān井jǐng中zhōng,開kāi了le鎖suǒ。 就jiù抬tái出chū十shí二èr柜guì,放fàng在zài天tiān井jǐng中zhōng,开kāi了le锁suǒ。

and twelve chests were carried out, set down in the courtyard, and the locks opened.

天井 is the small open court enclosed by the buildings. Twelve chests, and a lock on every one of them, in a house whose gate stands open to any traveller who asks.

兩liǎng邊biān設shè下xià衣yī架jià,四sì圍wéi牽qiān了le繩shéng子zi,將jiāng袈jiā裟shā一yí件jiàn件jiàn抖dǒu開kāi掛guà起qǐ,請qǐng三sān藏zàng觀guān看kàn。 两liǎng边biān设shè下xià衣yī架jià,四sì围wéi牵qiān了le绳shéng子zi,将jiāng袈jiā裟shā一yí件jiàn件jiàn抖dǒu开kāi挂guà起qǐ,请qǐng三sān藏zàng观guān看kàn。

Clothes-racks were set up on either side, ropes strung round on all four, and the cassocks shaken out and hung up one by one, and Sanzang was invited to view them.

將 here is jiāng, a word that does nothing except shove the object in front of the verb — English would say "took the cassocks and hung them up." Racks, ropes, garments shaken out and hung in rows: it is the staging of a cloth-market, and it is equally the staging of a Buddha-hall hung with banners. That ambiguity is the passage's whole meaning.

果guǒ然rán是shì滿mǎn堂táng綺qǐ繡xiù,四sì壁bì綾líng羅luó。 果guǒ然rán是shì满mǎn堂táng绮qǐ绣xiù,四sì壁bì绫líng罗luó。

Truly it was damask and embroidery filling the hall, silk gauze and figured satin on all four walls.

綺繡 and 綾羅 are the fabrics of wealth, not of renunciation — damask, embroidery, gauze, figured satin. The two four-character pairs close the passage with a flourish that is also an indictment: in eight hundred robes, not one robe of the Way.


總評 Commentary

Sanzang says no. That is the fact to hold onto: asked to display a treasure, the Tang monk answers that he has none worth showing and could not have carried it if he had. The catastrophe of this chapter does not begin with the old man's greed, which is merely sitting there waiting to be fed. It begins with Wukong's inability to let a slight pass. 不是件寶貝? — "Is that not a treasure?" — is spoken to a room of men who have just laughed, and it is spoken to win.

Then the chests come out. Twelve of them, locked, and behind the locks the whole moral situation of the monastery laid open on ropes: 滿堂綺繡,四壁綾羅. Wú Chéng'ēn spends four characters on damask and four on gauze and does not editorialise once, because he does not need to. A cassock — 袈裟, from Sanskrit kāṣāya, "of a dulled colour" — is by its very origin a robe pieced together from rags and dyed the colour of dirt, so that its wearer need not think about it. Eight hundred of them, in embroidery and gold, hanging in a courtyard for a stranger to admire. These monks have not merely accumulated wealth. They have accumulated the emblem of not accumulating wealth, and the joke is old enough that the novel can afford to leave it silent.