Canonical Classics ← 第十六回
第十六回
觀guān音yīn院yuàn僧sēng謀móu寶bǎo貝bèi
黑hēi風fēng山shān怪guài竊qiè袈jiā裟shā

At the Guanyin Monastery the Monks Plot for the Treasure · At Black Wind Mountain the Fiend Steals the Cassock

拜佛撞鐘
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

拜佛撞鐘 Bowing to the Bodhisattva, Striking the Bell

那nà和hé尚shàng只zhǐ得dé同tóng三sān藏zàng與yǔ行xíng者zhě進jìn了le山shān門mén。山shān門mén裡lǐ,又yòu見jiàn那nà正zhèng殿diàn上shàng書shū四sì個gè大dà字zì,是shì「觀guān音yīn禪chán院yuàn」。三sān藏zàng又yòu大dà喜xǐ道dào:「弟dì子zǐ屢lǚ感gǎn菩pú薩sà聖shèng恩ēn,未wèi及jí叩kòu謝xiè。今jīn遇yù禪chán院yuàn,就jiù如rú見jiàn菩pú薩sà一yì般bān,甚shèn好hǎo拜bài謝xiè。」那nà和hé尚shàng聞wén言yán,即jí命mìng道dào人rén開kāi了le殿diàn門mén,請qǐng三sān藏zàng朝cháo拜bài。那nà行xíng者zhě拴shuān了le馬mǎ,丟diū了le行xíng李lǐ,同tóng三sān藏zàng上shàng殿diàn。三sān藏zàng展zhǎn背bèi舒shū身shēn,鋪pū胸xiōng納nà地dì,望wàng金jīn像xiàng叩kòu頭tóu。那nà和hé尚shàng便biàn去qù打dǎ鼓gǔ。行xíng者zhě就jiù去qù撞zhuàng鐘zhōng。三sān藏zàng俯fǔ伏fú臺tái前qián,傾qīng心xīn禱dǎo祝zhù。祝zhù拜bài已yǐ畢bì,那nà和hé尚shàng住zhù了le鼓gǔ,行xíng者zhě還hái只zhǐ管guǎn撞zhuàng鐘zhōng不bù歇xiē,或huò緊jǐn或huò慢màn,撞zhuàng了le許xǔ久jiǔ。那nà道dào人rén道dào:「拜bài已yǐ畢bì了le,還hái撞zhuàng鐘zhōng怎zěn麼me?」行xíng者zhě方fāng丟diū了le鐘zhōng杵chǔ,笑xiào道dào:「你nǐ那nǎ裡lǐ曉xiǎo得dé!我wǒ這zhè是shì『做zuò一yí日rì和hé尚shàng撞zhuàng一yí日rì鐘zhōng』的de。」那nà和hé尚shàng只zhǐ得dé同tóng三sān藏zàng与yǔ行xíng者zhě进jìn了le山shān门mén。山shān门mén里lǐ,又yòu见jiàn那nà正zhèng殿diàn上shàng书shū四sì个gè大dà字zì,是shì「观guān音yīn禅chán院yuàn」。三sān藏zàng又yòu大dà喜xǐ道dào:「弟dì子zǐ屡lǚ感gǎn菩pú萨sà圣shèng恩ēn,未wèi及jí叩kòu谢xiè。今jīn遇yù禅chán院yuàn,就jiù如rú见jiàn菩pú萨sà一yì般bān,甚shèn好hǎo拜bài谢xiè。」那nà和hé尚shàng闻wén言yán,即jí命mìng道dào人rén开kāi了le殿diàn门mén,请qǐng三sān藏zàng朝cháo拜bài。那nà行xíng者zhě拴shuān了le马mǎ,丢diū了le行xíng李lǐ,同tóng三sān藏zàng上shàng殿diàn。三sān藏zàng展zhǎn背bèi舒shū身shēn,铺pū胸xiōng纳nà地dì,望wàng金jīn像xiàng叩kòu头tóu。那nà和hé尚shàng便biàn去qù打dǎ鼓gǔ。行xíng者zhě就jiù去qù撞zhuàng钟zhōng。三sān藏zàng俯fǔ伏fú台tái前qián,倾qīng心xīn祷dǎo祝zhù。祝zhù拜bài已yǐ毕bì,那nà和hé尚shàng住zhù了le鼓gǔ,行xíng者zhě还hái只zhǐ管guǎn撞zhuàng钟zhōng不bù歇xiē,或huò紧jǐn或huò慢màn,撞zhuàng了le许xǔ久jiǔ。那nà道dào人rén道dào:「拜bài已yǐ毕bì了le,还hái撞zhuàng钟zhōng怎zěn么me?」行xíng者zhě方fāng丢diū了le钟zhōng杵chǔ,笑xiào道dào:「你nǐ那nǎ里lǐ晓xiǎo得dé!我wǒ这zhè是shì『做zuò一yí日rì和hé尚shàng撞zhuàng一yí日rì钟zhōng』的de。」


逐句解 Line by line

那nà和hé尚shàng只zhǐ得dé同tóng三sān藏zàng與yǔ行xíng者zhě進jìn了le山shān門mén。 那nà和hé尚shàng只zhǐ得dé同tóng三sān藏zàng与yǔ行xíng者zhě进jìn了le山shān门mén。

The monk had no choice but to go in through the mountain gate together with Sanzang and the Pilgrim.

只得 takes dé. This is the reading Chinese uses for what a speaker can or cannot manage, as against what he chooses — grammarians call it the potential, and the sense here is "could do nothing but." The monk who has just called Wukong a thing must now walk in through his own gate beside him.

山shān門mén裡lǐ,又yòu見jiàn那nà正zhèng殿diàn上shàng書shū四sì個gè大dà字zì,是shì「觀guān音yīn禪chán院yuàn」。 山shān门mén里lǐ,又yòu见jiàn那nà正zhèng殿diàn上shàng书shū四sì个gè大dà字zì,是shì「观guān音yīn禅chán院yuàn」。

Within the gate they saw, inscribed above the main hall, four great characters: Guanyin Chan Monastery.

上書 is "inscribed above." A 禪院 is a Chan cloister, Chan being the school the Japanese call Zen. The name over the door carries the chapter's whole irony in four characters: this is Guanyin's own house, the Bodhisattva of Compassion's, and it is the house that will plot a murder before the night is out.

三sān藏zàng又yòu大dà喜xǐ道dào:「弟dì子zǐ屢lǚ感gǎn菩pú薩sà聖shèng恩ēn,未wèi及jí叩kòu謝xiè。 三sān藏zàng又yòu大dà喜xǐ道dào:「弟dì子zǐ屡lǚ感gǎn菩pú萨sà圣shèng恩ēn,未wèi及jí叩kòu谢xiè。

Sanzang was greatly pleased. "This disciple has felt the Bodhisattva's holy grace many times over, and has never yet had the chance to knock his head in thanks.

屢感 is "to have received, again and again." Sanzang has good cause to say so: nearly every rescue on the road so far — the golden fillet, the dragon turned into his horse, the guardian spirits riding unseen behind him — has been Guanyin's arrangement.

今jīn遇yù禪chán院yuàn,就jiù如rú見jiàn菩pú薩sà一yì般bān,甚shèn好hǎo拜bài謝xiè。」 今jīn遇yù禅chán院yuàn,就jiù如rú见jiàn菩pú萨sà一yì般bān,甚shèn好hǎo拜bài谢xiè。」

"To come upon this cloister today is as good as beholding the Bodhisattva herself. It is most fitting that I bow my thanks."

一般, "just the same as" (般 is bān), collapses the image into the person, which is exactly how a devout man is supposed to read an icon. 甚好 is shèn hǎo, "very good."

那nà和hé尚shàng聞wén言yán,即jí命mìng道dào人rén開kāi了le殿diàn門mén,請qǐng三sān藏zàng朝cháo拜bài。 那nà和hé尚shàng闻wén言yán,即jí命mìng道dào人rén开kāi了le殿diàn门mén,请qǐng三sān藏zàng朝cháo拜bài。

Hearing this, the monk at once ordered the lay servant to open the doors of the hall, and invited Sanzang to make his devotions.

道人 looks like "Daoist" and is nothing of the kind: in a Ming monastery it is the lay servant who does the heavy work. The usage is a small reminder of how porous the two clergies were where people actually lived. 朝拜 (cháo bài) is to worship facing the image.

那nà行xíng者zhě拴shuān了le馬mǎ,丟diū了le行xíng李lǐ,同tóng三sān藏zàng上shàng殿diàn。 那nà行xíng者zhě拴shuān了le马mǎ,丢diū了le行xíng李lǐ,同tóng三sān藏zàng上shàng殿diàn。

The Pilgrim tethered the horse, flung down the baggage, and went up into the hall with Sanzang.

The verbs betray the man. Sanzang is about to lay his whole body on the floor; Wukong 拴 (shuān, ties up) the horse and 丟 (flings down) the luggage. His reverence, when it arrives, is never fussy — and never quite reverent.

三sān藏zàng展zhǎn背bèi舒shū身shēn,鋪pū胸xiōng納nà地dì,望wàng金jīn像xiàng叩kòu頭tóu。 三sān藏zàng展zhǎn背bèi舒shū身shēn,铺pū胸xiōng纳nà地dì,望wàng金jīn像xiàng叩kòu头tóu。

Sanzang spread out his back and stretched his frame, laid his breast to the ground, and knocked his head before the golden image.

鋪胸納地 — 鋪 is pū, "to spread out" — describes the full prostration, in which back, breast and forehead all come to the floor together. The four verbs of the line trace the body's entire descent, one joint at a time.

那nà和hé尚shàng便biàn去qù打dǎ鼓gǔ。行xíng者zhě就jiù去qù撞zhuàng鐘zhōng。三sān藏zàng俯fǔ伏fú臺tái前qián,傾qīng心xīn禱dǎo祝zhù。 那nà和hé尚shàng便biàn去qù打dǎ鼓gǔ。行xíng者zhě就jiù去qù撞zhuàng钟zhōng。三sān藏zàng俯fǔ伏fú台tái前qián,倾qīng心xīn祷dǎo祝zhù。

The monk went to beat the drum. The Pilgrim went straight to strike the bell. Sanzang lay prostrate before the dais and prayed with all his heart.

打鼓 and 撞鐘, beating the drum and striking the bell, are the ritual accompaniment to worship; nobody does this casually. That Wukong seizes the bell unbidden, and that the text gives him 就去, "went straight at it," is the first crack in the decorum. 傾心 is to pour out the heart.

祝zhù拜bài已yǐ畢bì,那nà和hé尚shàng住zhù了le鼓gǔ,行xíng者zhě還hái只zhǐ管guǎn撞zhuàng鐘zhōng不bù歇xiē,或huò緊jǐn或huò慢màn,撞zhuàng了le許xǔ久jiǔ。 祝zhù拜bài已yǐ毕bì,那nà和hé尚shàng住zhù了le鼓gǔ,行xíng者zhě还hái只zhǐ管guǎn撞zhuàng钟zhōng不bù歇xiē,或huò紧jǐn或huò慢màn,撞zhuàng了le许xǔ久jiǔ。

The prayers and prostrations done, the monk stilled his drum; but the Pilgrim only kept on ringing the bell without a pause, now fast, now slow, and rang it a long while.

還只管: 還 is hái, "still," and 只管 is "kept right on regardless." 或緊或慢 — "now tight, now slack" — is the rhythm of somebody having a very good time. The bell that calls an entire monastery to prayer has become a toy.

那nà道dào人rén道dào:「拜bài已yǐ畢bì了le,還hái撞zhuàng鐘zhōng怎zěn麼me?」 那nà道dào人rén道dào:「拜bài已yǐ毕bì了le,还hái撞zhuàng钟zhōng怎zěn么me?」

The lay servant said, "The worship is finished. What are you still ringing the bell for?"

The servant's 還撞鐘怎麼 is flat exasperation, 還 again hái. It is a neat piece of stagecraft: the whole house is about to come boiling out, and the text lets one bystander ask the obvious question first.

行xíng者zhě方fāng丟diū了le鐘zhōng杵chǔ,笑xiào道dào:「你nǐ那nǎ裡lǐ曉xiǎo得dé!我wǒ這zhè是shì『做zuò一yí日rì和hé尚shàng撞zhuàng一yí日rì鐘zhōng』的de。」 行xíng者zhě方fāng丢diū了le钟zhōng杵chǔ,笑xiào道dào:「你nǐ那nǎ里lǐ晓xiǎo得dé!我wǒ这zhè是shì『做zuò一yí日rì和hé尚shàng撞zhuàng一yí日rì钟zhōng』的de。」

Only then did the Pilgrim let go the bell-hammer. He laughed and said, "How would you know? With me it is a case of: be a monk for a day, ring the bell for a day."

Here is the joke everybody remembers from this scene. 那裡曉得 — 那 is nǎ, "how would you," and 曉得 takes a neutral de. Then the proverb: 做一日和尚撞一日鐘, "be a monk for a day, ring the bell for a day." It is still in daily use, and it is normally a shrug — what a man says about a job he means to do adequately and not one scrap more, the clock-watcher's motto. Wukong produces it with a completely straight face, having been a monk for rather less than a season.


總評 Commentary

The passage sets two devotions side by side. Sanzang, on learning whose house this is, performs the full prostration — 展背舒身,鋪胸納地 — and prays with his whole heart to the Bodhisattva who has been rescuing him since the Double-Fork Ridge. Wukong strikes the bell. Then he goes on striking it, fast and slow, long after the prayer is over, until the entire monastery comes pouring out of its cells. Both are acts of worship in a Guanyin cloister. Only one of them is what the liturgy had in mind.

The joke Wukong makes is better than it first looks. 做一日和尚撞一日鐘 is ordinarily a shrug about doing the bare minimum. In his mouth it turns into something close to a doctrine of the road: he is a monk today, therefore today he rings the bell, and he rings it until the ringing is finished. Wú Chéng'ēn is fond of letting his monkey blunder into orthodoxy by way of insolence. And the noise is not wasted — the bell brings out every monk in the house, which is exactly the introduction the next passage requires, and which no amount of polite knocking would have produced.