Canonical Classics ← 第十六回
第十六回
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At the Guanyin Monastery the Monks Plot for the Treasure · At Black Wind Mountain the Fiend Steals the Cassock

莫與人鬥富
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字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

莫與人鬥富 Do Not Vie in Riches

xíngzhěguānzhīdōushìxiē穿chuānhuājǐnxiùxiāojīnzhīxiàodào:「hǎohǎohǎoshōushōumendechūláikànkàn。」sānzàngxíngzhěchězhùqiāoqiāodedào:「yàoréndòushìdānshēnzàiwàizhǐkǒngyǒucuò。」xíngzhědào:「kànkànjiāshāyǒuchācuò?」sānzàngdào:「cénghuìderényǒuyún:『zhēnwánhǎozhī使shǐjiàntānlánjiānwěizhīrén。』tǎngruòjīngdòngxīndòngxīnshēngshìwèihuòdesuǒzhīéryìngqiúrányǔnshēnmièmìngjiēshìxiǎo。」xíngzhědào:「fàngxīnfàngxīndōuzàilǎosūnshēnshàng。」xíngzhěguānzhīdōushìxiē穿chuānhuājǐnxiùxiāojīnzhīxiàodào:「hǎohǎohǎoshōushōumendechūláikànkàn。」sānzàngxíngzhěchězhùqiāoqiāodedào:「yàoréndòushìdānshēnzàiwàizhǐkǒngyǒucuò。」xíngzhědào:「kànkànjiāshāyǒuchācuò?」sānzàngdào:「cénghuìderényǒuyún:『zhēnwánhǎozhī使shǐjiàntānlánjiānwěizhīrén。』tǎngruòjīngdòngxīndòngxīnshēngshìwèihuòdesuǒzhīéryìngqiúrányǔnshēnmièmìngjiēshìxiǎo。」xíngzhědào:「fàngxīnfàngxīndōuzàilǎosūnshēnshàng。」


逐句解 Line by line

xíngzhěguānzhīdōushìxiē穿chuānhuājǐnxiùxiāojīnzhīxiàodào:「hǎohǎohǎo xíngzhěguānzhīdōushìxiē穿chuānhuājǐnxiùxiāojīnzhīxiàodào:「hǎohǎohǎo

The Pilgrim looked them over one by one — all of them things of flowered weave and patched brocade, of embroidery and beaten gold thread — and laughed. "Good, good, good.

穿花納錦 and 刺繡銷金 are four-character phrases for costly needlework — flowers threaded through the weave, brocade set in panels, embroidery, gold beaten out into thread. is dōu. The triple is not admiration but dismissal. This is a creature who has walked through the treasuries of Heaven.

shōushōumendechūláikànkàn。」 shōushōumendechūláikànkàn。」

"Put them away, put them away. Now fetch out ours as well, and let us have a look."

Wukong shuts the exhibition down before the monks have finished mounting it: 收起收起, "pack them up, pack them up." And then the two characters that destroy the monastery — 我們的, "ours." He has walked past eight hundred robes without interest, and cannot walk past the chance to answer them.

sānzàngxíngzhěchězhùqiāoqiāodedào:「yàoréndòu sānzàngxíngzhěchězhùqiāoqiāodedào:「yàoréndòu

Sanzang caught the Pilgrim by the sleeve and said softly, "Disciple, do not vie in riches with other men.

扯住 is to catch a man by the sleeve; 悄悄 is softly, as at the gate. 鬥富, "to contend in wealth," names the sin with precision: not the owning of a treasure but the showing of it against another man's.

shìdānshēnzàiwàizhǐkǒngyǒucuò。」xíngzhědào:「kànkànjiāshāyǒuchācuò?」 shìdānshēnzàiwàizhǐkǒngyǒucuò。」xíngzhědào:「kànkànjiāshāyǒuchācuò?」

"You and I are alone and abroad; I fear only that something may go amiss." "What can go amiss," said the Pilgrim, "in looking at a cassock?"

單身在外 is "single-bodied and abroad" — without kin, without recourse, nobody to send word to. 差錯 is read chā cuò, "a slip, a mishap"; is chā here, neither chà nor chāi. Wukong catches up his master's 有錯 and hands it straight back as a question.

sānzàngdào:「cénghuìderényǒuyún:『zhēnwánhǎozhī使shǐjiàntānlánjiānwěizhīrén。』 sānzàngdào:「cénghuìderényǒuyún:『zhēnwánhǎozhī使shǐjiàntānlánjiānwěizhīrén。』

Sanzang said, "You have not understood it. The men of old had a saying: things rare and precious, things kept for delight, must never be let fall beneath the eyes of the greedy and the false.

理會得 takes a neutral de. The maxim belongs to no classic at all; it is the accumulated prudence of the Chinese household, and Sanzang cites it with 古人有云, "the men of old had a saying," exactly as he would cite scripture. 玩好 (wán hào) are objects kept for pleasure rather than use.

tǎngruòjīngdòngxīndòngxīnshēng tǎngruòjīngdòngxīndòngxīnshēng

"Once such a thing has passed before the eye, it must stir the heart; and the heart once stirred, a scheme must be born of it.

A chain of four clauses, each one seizing the verb of the last: 入目動其心動其心生其計. Seen, so the heart stirs; the heart stirred, so a scheme is born. The rhythm is that of the classical maxim, and the prophecy is exact — 動了奸心 will be the narrator's own phrase for the old monk two passages from here, and 此計絕妙 his phrase for the scheme.

shìwèihuòdesuǒzhīéryìngqiúrányǔnshēnmièmìngjiēshìxiǎo。」 shìwèihuòdesuǒzhīéryìngqiúrányǔnshēnmièmìngjiēshìxiǎo。」

"If you are a man who fears calamity, then when they demand it, comply with their asking — and it may pass. If not, then bodies are destroyed and lives are ended, and the whole of it takes its rise from here. The matter is no small one."

The register shifts without warning into literary Chinese — , 索之, 可也, 不然則, — as though Sanzang had begun reading aloud from a book. is yìng, "to comply with." He is right in every particular, and he is about to be overruled.

xíngzhědào:「fàngxīnfàngxīndōuzàilǎosūnshēnshàng。」 xíngzhědào:「fàngxīnfàngxīndōuzàilǎosūnshēnshàng。」

"Rest easy, rest easy," said the Pilgrim. "It all rests on old Sun's shoulders."

都在老孫身上 — "it all rests upon old Sun's body" — is the vernacular guarantee, the equivalent of putting your name to something. He means it, and he will keep it: the fire will be shut out, the cassock recovered, the promise honoured to the letter. The monastery will nonetheless be ash.


總評 Commentary

Sanzang delivers, in this passage, the most accurate speech in the chapter, and it changes nothing whatever. He identifies the sin (鬥富, contending in wealth), states the mechanism (a thing seen stirs the heart; a heart stirred breeds a scheme), predicts the outcome (殞身滅命, bodies destroyed and lives ended), and prescribes the remedy (hand it over the moment it is demanded). Every clause of that prediction will be fulfilled, in order, before the chapter closes. Wukong answers with a shrug and a guarantee.

Notice how the passage is built out of other people's words. 有錯 ("something may go wrong") in Sanzang's mouth becomes 有何差錯 ("what could go wrong?") in Wukong's — one character added, and the whole sense turned inside out. 必動其心 in the maxim becomes 動了奸心 in the narration. And 都在老孫身上, the boast, is answered at the chapter's end by 等老孫去尋他一尋, when the boast has become a debt. Wú Chéng'ēn's vernacular is often called loose; it is in fact one of the tightest weaves in Ming fiction, and the loop is always closed.