Canonical Classics ← 第十三回
第十三回
陷xiàn虎hǔ穴xué金jīn星xīng解jiě厄è
雙shuāng叉chā嶺lǐng伯bó欽qīn留liú僧sēng

Trapped in the Tiger's Den, the Gold Star Dispels the Peril · At Twin-Fork Ridge, Liu Boqin Takes In the Monk

曉行季秋
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

曉行季秋 Setting Out in Late Autumn

早zǎo又yòu是shì竹zhú敲qiāo殘cán月yuè落luò,雞jī唱chàng曉xiǎo雲yún生shēng。那nà眾zhòng僧sēng起qǐ來lái,收shōu拾shí茶chá水shuǐ、早zǎo齋zhāi。玄xuán奘zàng遂suì穿chuān了le袈jiā裟shā,上shàng正zhèng殿diàn,佛fó前qián禮lǐ拜bài道dào:「弟dì子zǐ陳chén玄xuán奘zàng,前qián往wǎng西xī天tiān取qǔ經jīng,但dàn肉ròu眼yǎn愚yú迷mí,不bù識shí活huó佛fó真zhēn形xíng。今jīn願yuàn立lì誓shì:路lù中zhōng逢féng廟miào燒shāo香xiāng,遇yù佛fó拜bài佛fó,遇yù塔tǎ掃sǎo塔tǎ。但dàn願yuàn我wǒ佛fó慈cí悲bēi,早zǎo現xiàn丈zhàng六liù金jīn身shēn,賜cì真zhēn經jīng,留liú傳chuán東dōng土tǔ。」祝zhù罷bà,回huí方fāng丈zhàng進jìn齋zhāi。齋zhāi畢bì,那nà二èr從cóng者zhě整zhěng頓dùn了le鞍ān馬mǎ,促cù趲zǎn行xíng程chéng。三sān藏zàng出chū了le山shān門mén,辭cí別bié眾zhòng僧sēng。眾zhòng僧sēng不bù忍rěn分fēn別bié,直zhí送sòng有yǒu十shí里lǐ之zhī遙yáo,噙qín淚lèi而ér返fǎn。三sān藏zàng遂suì直zhí西xī前qián進jìn。正zhèng是shì那nà季jì秋qiū天tiān氣qì,但dàn見jiàn:早zǎo又yòu是shì竹zhú敲qiāo残cán月yuè落luò,鸡jī唱chàng晓xiǎo云yún生shēng。那nà众zhòng僧sēng起qǐ来lái,收shōu拾shí茶chá水shuǐ、早zǎo斋zhāi。玄xuán奘zàng遂suì穿chuān了le袈jiā裟shā,上shàng正zhèng殿diàn,佛fó前qián礼lǐ拜bài道dào:「弟dì子zǐ陈chén玄xuán奘zàng,前qián往wǎng西xī天tiān取qǔ经jīng,但dàn肉ròu眼yǎn愚yú迷mí,不bù识shí活huó佛fó真zhēn形xíng。今jīn愿yuàn立lì誓shì:路lù中zhōng逢féng庙miào烧shāo香xiāng,遇yù佛fó拜bài佛fó,遇yù塔tǎ扫sǎo塔tǎ。但dàn愿yuàn我wǒ佛fó慈cí悲bēi,早zǎo现xiàn丈zhàng六liù金jīn身shēn,赐cì真zhēn经jīng,留liú传chuán东dōng土tǔ。」祝zhù罢bà,回huí方fāng丈zhàng进jìn斋zhāi。斋zhāi毕bì,那nà二èr从cóng者zhě整zhěng顿dùn了le鞍ān马mǎ,促cù趱zǎn行xíng程chéng。三sān藏zàng出chū了le山shān门mén,辞cí别bié众zhòng僧sēng。众zhòng僧sēng不bù忍rěn分fēn别bié,直zhí送sòng有yǒu十shí里lǐ之zhī遥yáo,噙qín泪lèi而ér返fǎn。三sān藏zàng遂suì直zhí西xī前qián进jìn。正zhèng是shì那nà季jì秋qiū天tiān气qì,但dàn见jiàn:

數shù村cūn木mù落luò蘆lú花huā碎suì,幾jǐ樹shù楓fēng楊yáng紅hóng葉yè墜zhuì。数shù村cūn木mù落luò芦lú花huā碎suì,几jǐ树shù枫fēng杨yáng红hóng叶yè坠zhuì。
路lù途tú煙yān雨yǔ故gù人rén稀xī,黃huáng菊jú麗lì,山shān骨gǔ細xì,水shuǐ寒hán荷hé破pò人rén憔qiáo悴cuì。路lù途tú烟yān雨yǔ故gù人rén稀xī,黄huáng菊jú丽lì,山shān骨gǔ细xì,水shuǐ寒hán荷hé破pò人rén憔qiáo悴cuì。
白bái蘋pín紅hóng蓼liǎo霜shuāng天tiān雪xuě,落luò霞xiá孤gū鶩wù長cháng空kōng墜zhuì。白bái苹pín红hóng蓼liǎo霜shuāng天tiān雪xuě,落luò霞xiá孤gū鹜wù长cháng空kōng坠zhuì。
依yī稀xī黯àn淡dàn野yě雲yún飛fēi,玄xuán鳥niǎo去qù,賓bīn鴻hóng至zhì,嘹liáo嘹liáo嚦lì嚦lì聲shēng宵xiāo碎suì。依yī稀xī黯àn淡dàn野yě云yún飞fēi,玄xuán鸟niǎo去qù,宾bīn鸿hóng至zhì,嘹liáo嘹liáo呖lì呖lì声shēng宵xiāo碎suì。

逐句解 Line by line

早zǎo又yòu是shì竹zhú敲qiāo殘cán月yuè落luò,雞jī唱chàng曉xiǎo雲yún生shēng。那nà眾zhòng僧sēng起qǐ來lái,收shōu拾shí茶chá水shuǐ、早zǎo齋zhāi。玄xuán奘zàng遂suì穿chuān了le袈jiā裟shā,上shàng正zhèng殿diàn,佛fó前qián禮lǐ拜bài道dào:「弟dì子zǐ陳chén玄xuán奘zàng,前qián往wǎng西xī天tiān取qǔ經jīng,但dàn肉ròu眼yǎn愚yú迷mí,不bù識shí活huó佛fó真zhēn形xíng。今jīn願yuàn立lì誓shì:路lù中zhōng逢féng廟miào燒shāo香xiāng,遇yù佛fó拜bài佛fó,遇yù塔tǎ掃sǎo塔tǎ。但dàn願yuàn我wǒ佛fó慈cí悲bēi,早zǎo現xiàn丈zhàng六liù金jīn身shēn,賜cì真zhēn經jīng,留liú傳chuán東dōng土tǔ。」祝zhù罷bà,回huí方fāng丈zhàng進jìn齋zhāi。齋zhāi畢bì,那nà二èr從cóng者zhě整zhěng頓dùn了le鞍ān馬mǎ,促cù趲zǎn行xíng程chéng。三sān藏zàng出chū了le山shān門mén,辭cí別bié眾zhòng僧sēng。眾zhòng僧sēng不bù忍rěn分fēn別bié,直zhí送sòng有yǒu十shí里lǐ之zhī遙yáo,噙qín淚lèi而ér返fǎn。三sān藏zàng遂suì直zhí西xī前qián進jìn。正zhèng是shì那nà季jì秋qiū天tiān氣qì,但dàn見jiàn: 早zǎo又yòu是shì竹zhú敲qiāo残cán月yuè落luò,鸡jī唱chàng晓xiǎo云yún生shēng。那nà众zhòng僧sēng起qǐ来lái,收shōu拾shí茶chá水shuǐ、早zǎo斋zhāi。玄xuán奘zàng遂suì穿chuān了le袈jiā裟shā,上shàng正zhèng殿diàn,佛fó前qián礼lǐ拜bài道dào:「弟dì子zǐ陈chén玄xuán奘zàng,前qián往wǎng西xī天tiān取qǔ经jīng,但dàn肉ròu眼yǎn愚yú迷mí,不bù识shí活huó佛fó真zhēn形xíng。今jīn愿yuàn立lì誓shì:路lù中zhōng逢féng庙miào烧shāo香xiāng,遇yù佛fó拜bài佛fó,遇yù塔tǎ扫sǎo塔tǎ。但dàn愿yuàn我wǒ佛fó慈cí悲bēi,早zǎo现xiàn丈zhàng六liù金jīn身shēn,赐cì真zhēn经jīng,留liú传chuán东dōng土tǔ。」祝zhù罢bà,回huí方fāng丈zhàng进jìn斋zhāi。斋zhāi毕bì,那nà二èr从cóng者zhě整zhěng顿dùn了le鞍ān马mǎ,促cù趱zǎn行xíng程chéng。三sān藏zàng出chū了le山shān门mén,辞cí别bié众zhòng僧sēng。众zhòng僧sēng不bù忍rěn分fēn别bié,直zhí送sòng有yǒu十shí里lǐ之zhī遥yáo,噙qín泪lèi而ér返fǎn。三sān藏zàng遂suì直zhí西xī前qián进jìn。正zhèng是shì那nà季jì秋qiū天tiān气qì,但dàn见jiàn:

Soon enough the bamboo tapped as the waning moon went down, and the cock crowed as the dawn clouds formed. The monks rose and set out tea-water and the early meal. Xuanzang then donned his cassock, went up to the main hall, and before the Buddha made his obeisance, saying: "Your disciple Chen Xuanzang goes to the Western Heaven to fetch the scriptures; but these fleshly eyes are dull and deluded, and cannot know the living Buddha's true form. Today I vow: on the road, wherever I come upon a shrine I shall burn incense; wherever I meet a Buddha I shall bow to the Buddha; wherever I meet a stūpa I shall sweep the stūpa. I only pray that our Buddha in his mercy will soon reveal his golden body of one zhàng six chǐ, and bestow the true scriptures, to be handed down in the Eastern Land." His prayer done, he returned to the abbot's quarters and took the meal. When it was finished, his two attendants made ready the saddle-horse and urged the journey on. Sanzang came out of the mountain gate and took his leave of the monks; the monks could not bear to part from him, and escorted him a full ten lǐ before they turned back, their eyes brimming. Sanzang then went straight on toward the west. It was just that late-autumn weather, and this was the sight:

Xuanzang makes a vow before setting out, and it is built to be memorable: 遇佛拜佛,遇塔掃塔 — "meet a Buddha, bow to the Buddha; meet a stūpa, sweep the stūpa." The matched shape is what marks it as ritual speech rather than conversation; you can hear that it is meant to be kept. 丈六金身 is the "golden body of one zhàng six chǐ" — the standard iconographic height of a Buddha image, around sixteen Chinese feet or five metres. The units stay untranslated: 丈 is zhàng, and ten of the smaller unit chǐ make one of them; 里 (lǐ), the Chinese mile, is left as it stands too — the monks escort him a full ten lǐ before turning back in tears.

數shù村cūn木mù落luò蘆lú花huā碎suì,幾jǐ樹shù楓fēng楊yáng紅hóng葉yè墜zhuì。 数shù村cūn木mù落luò芦lú花huā碎suì,几jǐ树shù枫fēng杨yáng红hóng叶yè坠zhuì。

About a few villages the trees are bare, the reed-flowers shattered; on a scattering of maples and poplars, red leaves come tumbling down.

What follows is a 賦 — a rhapsody, the loose accumulating form the novel uses when it wants to soak in a scene rather than move through it. Deep autumn, and everything is coming apart: 蘆花 (lú huā), the white plumes of reeds, are "shattered" by wind and frost, and the maples and poplars of 楓楊 are dropping their reddened leaves.

路lù途tú煙yān雨yǔ故gù人rén稀xī,黃huáng菊jú麗lì,山shān骨gǔ細xì,水shuǐ寒hán荷hé破pò人rén憔qiáo悴cuì。 路lù途tú烟yān雨yǔ故gù人rén稀xī,黄huáng菊jú丽lì,山shān骨gǔ细xì,水shuǐ寒hán荷hé破pò人rén憔qiáo悴cuì。

On the road, through mist and rain, old friends grow few; the yellow chrysanthemums are lovely, the mountains' bones are spare, the waters cold, the lotus broken, and the traveller worn and wan.

山骨 (shān gǔ), the "bones of the mountains," is bare rock showing through now that the foliage has gone — the kind of image that survives translation intact. 荷破 is the lotus "broken," its late-season leaves collapsing. Then the metre suddenly shortens into three-character bursts — 黃菊麗,山骨細 — which is the rhapsody quickening its pulse, a trick the form uses to keep a long description from settling.

白bái蘋pín紅hóng蓼liǎo霜shuāng天tiān雪xuě,落luò霞xiá孤gū鶩wù長cháng空kōng墜zhuì。 白bái苹pín红hóng蓼liǎo霜shuāng天tiān雪xuě,落luò霞xiá孤gū鹜wù长cháng空kōng坠zhuì。

White duckweed and red knotweed lie like snow beneath the frosty sky; the sinking glow and a lone wild duck fall through the vast heavens.

落霞孤鶩 — "sinking sunset-glow and a solitary duck" — is a deliberate lift from one of the most famous lines in Chinese prose, Wang Bo's 滕王閣序 (Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng). Dropping it here is like working a line of Keats into a thriller: the audience is meant to catch it and feel the lift. 長空 (cháng kōng) is the wide open sky.

依yī稀xī黯àn淡dàn野yě雲yún飛fēi,玄xuán鳥niǎo去qù,賓bīn鴻hóng至zhì,嘹liáo嘹liáo嚦lì嚦lì聲shēng宵xiāo碎suì。 依yī稀xī黯àn淡dàn野yě云yún飞fēi,玄xuán鸟niǎo去qù,宾bīn鸿hóng至zhì,嘹liáo嘹liáo呖lì呖lì声shēng宵xiāo碎suì。

Faint and dim, the wild clouds fly; the swallows depart, the guest-geese arrive, and their clamouring, plaintive cries shiver the night.

玄鳥 (xuán niǎo), the "dark birds," are swallows, which leave in autumn; 賓鴻, the "guest wild-geese," arrive with the cold. One set going, one set coming, and the season turning between them. 嘹嘹嚦嚦 is pure sound — four characters imitating the sharp broken crying overhead.


總評 Commentary

Two movements joined at a seam, and the seam is worth looking at. First the departure: Xuanzang before the Buddha, making a vow in balanced, formulaic phrases that sound like liturgy because they are meant to. Then the monks walk him ten lǐ and go back crying. It is a warm, human leave-taking.

Then he turns west, and the prose gives way to a long autumn rhapsody: bare trees, shattered reeds, cold water, broken lotus, birds leaving. Nothing in it advances the plot. What it does is set a temperature. By the time the description ends, the reader has been told — without a word of foreshadowing — that things are about to go badly.

The Wang Bo echo in the third unit is characteristic of this book. It is a popular adventure novel that keeps reaching up into the high literary tradition, confident its readers will recognise what it has borrowed. That double register — storyteller's patter and scholar's allusion in the same breath — is much of what gives the Journey to the West its particular sound.