Canonical Classics ← 第十三回
第十三回
xiànxuéjīnxīngjiěè
shuāngchālǐngqīnliúsēng

Trapped in the Tiger's Den, the Gold Star Dispels the Peril · At Twin-Fork Ridge, Liu Boqin Takes In the Monk

長老辭葷
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

長老辭葷 The Monk Who Eats No Meat

shuōhuàjiānjuédetiānjiāngwǎnxiǎodemenpáikāizhuōdèngpánlànshúròuténgténgdefàngzàishàngmiànqīnqǐngsānzàngquányòngzàilìngbànfànsānzàngzhǎngdāngxiōngdào:「shànzāipínsēngmántàibǎoshuōchūniángtāijiùzuòshànggèngxiǎodechīhūn。」qīnwéndeshuōchényínlebànshǎngdào:「zhǎnglǎohánjiādàiláixiǎodechījiùshìyǒuxiēzhúsǔncǎixiēěrxúnxiēgāncàizuòxiēdòudōushìzhāng鹿bàodeyóujiānquèshènchùyǒuliǎngyǎnguōzàodōushìyóutòulezhèděngnàifǎnshìqǐngzhǎnglǎodeshì。」sānzàngdào:「tàibǎoduōxīnqǐngshòuyòngpínsēngjiùshìsānchīfànrěnèzhǐshìgǎnlezhāijiè。」qīndào:「tǎnghuòèquèzhī?」sānzàngdào:「gǎndetàibǎotiānēnjiùchūlángcóngjiùshìèqiángwèi。」shuōhuàjiānjuédetiānjiāngwǎnxiǎodemenpáikāizhuōdèngpánlànshúròuténgténgdefàngzàishàngmiànqīnqǐngsānzàngquányòngzàilìngbànfànsānzàngzhǎngdāngxiōngdào:「shànzāipínsēngmántàibǎoshuōchūniángtāijiùzuòshànggèngxiǎodechīhūn。」qīnwéndeshuōchényínlebànshǎngdào:「zhǎnglǎohánjiādàiláixiǎodechījiùshìyǒuxiēzhúsǔncǎixiēěrxúnxiēgāncàizuòxiēdòudōushìzhāng鹿bàodeyóujiānquèshènchùyǒuliǎngyǎnguōzàodōushìyóutòulezhèděngnàifǎnshìqǐngzhǎnglǎodeshì。」sānzàngdào:「tàibǎoduōxīnqǐngshòuyòngpínsēngjiùshìsānchīfànrěn饿èzhǐshìgǎnlezhāijiè。」qīndào:「tǎnghuò饿èquèzhī?」sānzàngdào:「gǎndetàibǎotiānēnjiùchūlángcóngjiùshì饿èqiángwèi。」


逐句解 Line by line

shuōhuàjiānjuédetiānjiāngwǎnxiǎodemenpáikāizhuōdèngpánlànshúròuténgténgdefàngzàishàngmiànqīnqǐngsānzàngquányòngzàilìngbànfànsānzàngzhǎngdāngxiōngdào:「shànzāipínsēngmántàibǎoshuōchūniángtāijiùzuòshànggèngxiǎodechīhūn。」qīnwéndeshuōchényínlebànshǎngdào:「zhǎnglǎohánjiādàiláixiǎodechījiùshìyǒuxiēzhúsǔncǎixiēěrxúnxiēgāncàizuòxiēdòudōushìzhāng鹿bàodeyóujiānquèshènchùyǒuliǎngyǎnguōzàodōushìyóutòulezhèděngnàifǎnshìqǐngzhǎnglǎodeshì。」 shuōhuàjiānjuédetiānjiāngwǎnxiǎodemenpáikāizhuōdèngpánlànshúròuténgténgdefàngzàishàngmiànqīnqǐngsānzàngquányòngzàilìngbànfànsānzàngzhǎngdāngxiōngdào:「shànzāipínsēngmántàibǎoshuōchūniángtāijiùzuòshànggèngxiǎodechīhūn。」qīnwéndeshuōchényínlebànshǎngdào:「zhǎnglǎohánjiādàiláixiǎodechījiùshìyǒuxiēzhúsǔncǎixiēěrxúnxiēgāncàizuòxiēdòudōushìzhāng鹿bàodeyóujiānquèshènchùyǒuliǎngyǎnguōzàodōushìyóutòulezhèděngnàifǎnshìqǐngzhǎnglǎodeshì。」

As they were talking, evening came on before they knew it. The servants set out table and benches and brought several dishes of well-cooked tiger meat, steaming hot, and laid them above. Boqin invited Sanzang to take some for the present, saying he would have other food prepared. Sanzang, pressing his palms together at his breast, said: “Bless you! I will not deceive the Guardian: from the time I left my mother's womb I have been a monk, and have never so much as known how to eat flesh.” Hearing this, Boqin pondered a good while and said: “Elder, in my house, for generations back, we have not known how to eat vegetarian fare. We have a little bamboo shoot, and gather some wood-ears, and look out some dried greens, and make a little bean-curd — but they are all fried in the fat of roe and deer, of tiger and leopard, so there is hardly anything vegetarian about them. Even our two cooking-pots and their stoves are soaked through with grease. What is to be done? It turns out I have done wrong in inviting the elder at all.”

The comic dilemma of the wholly carnivorous household is drawn with affectionate detail — even the “vegetables” are fried in tiger-fat, and the very pots are steeped in grease. (hūn) is meat and the pungent alliums forbidden to a Buddhist; (sù) is vegetarian fare.

sānzàngdào:「tàibǎoduōxīnqǐngshòuyòngpínsēngjiùshìsānchīfànrěnèzhǐshìgǎnlezhāijiè。」qīndào:「tǎnghuòèquèzhī?」sānzàngdào:「gǎndetàibǎotiānēnjiùchūlángcóngjiùshìèqiángwèi。」 sānzàngdào:「tàibǎoduōxīnqǐngshòuyòngpínsēngjiùshìsānchīfànrěn饿èzhǐshìgǎnlezhāijiè。」qīndào:「tǎnghuò饿èquèzhī?」sānzàngdào:「gǎndetàibǎotiānēnjiùchūlángcóngjiùshì饿èqiángwèi。」

Sanzang said: “The Guardian need not trouble himself — pray take your own meal. Even were I this poor monk to go three or five days without eating, I could bear the hunger; only I dare not break my vow of abstinence.” Boqin said: “But what if you should starve to death?” Sanzang said: “By the Guardian's Heaven-sent grace I have been saved out of the very thicket of tigers and wolves; and even were I to starve to death, it would be better than being fed to a tiger.”

齋戒 (zhāi jiè), the “vow of abstinence,” is the monastic discipline Sanzang will not break even at the risk of his life; his answer sounds the note of a resolve no hardship can move — the very quality the Gold Star's gāthā had bidden him keep.


總評 Commentary

A scene of gentle comedy that is also a quiet test of the pilgrim's steadfastness. The problem is homely — a vegetarian guest in a house that has never cooked anything but game — and it is developed with a fine comic realism: Boqin's earnest catalogue of his kitchen's irredeemable greasiness, down to the fat-soaked pots, and his flustered conclusion that he has done wrong to invite the monk at all. Against this, Sanzang's calm refusal to break his fast “even were I to starve” gives the comedy a serious underside. His resolve is of a piece with the whole chapter's portrait of him: physically helpless, dependent on others for his very life, yet immovable in the one thing that is his to keep — his discipline. The exchange also warms the bond between hunter and monk, each solicitous of the other, and prepares the mother's solution in the passage that follows.