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長老辭葷
The Monk Who Eats No Meat
說話間,不覺的天色將晚。小的們排開桌凳,拿幾盤爛熟虎肉,熱騰騰的放在上面。伯欽請三藏權用,再另辦飯。三藏合掌當胸道:「善哉!貧僧不瞞太保說,自出娘胎,就做和尚,更不曉得吃葷。」伯欽聞得此說,沉吟了半晌道:「長老,寒家歷代以來,不曉得吃素。就是有些竹筍,採些木耳,尋些乾菜,做些豆腐,也都是獐鹿虎豹的油煎,卻無甚素處。有兩眼鍋灶,也都是油膩透了。這等奈何?反是我請長老的不是。」三藏道:「太保不必多心,請自受用。我貧僧就是三五日不吃飯,也可忍餓,只是不敢破了齋戒。」伯欽道:「倘或餓死,卻如之何?」三藏道:「感得太保天恩,搭救出虎狼叢裡,就是餓死,也強如喂虎。」说话间,不觉的天色将晚。小的们排开桌凳,拿几盘烂熟虎肉,热腾腾的放在上面。伯钦请三藏权用,再另办饭。三藏合掌当胸道:「善哉!贫僧不瞒太保说,自出娘胎,就做和尚,更不晓得吃荤。」伯钦闻得此说,沉吟了半晌道:「长老,寒家历代以来,不晓得吃素。就是有些竹笋,采些木耳,寻些干菜,做些豆腐,也都是獐鹿虎豹的油煎,却无甚素处。有两眼锅灶,也都是油腻透了。这等奈何?反是我请长老的不是。」三藏道:「太保不必多心,请自受用。我贫僧就是三五日不吃饭,也可忍饿,只是不敢破了斋戒。」伯钦道:「倘或饿死,却如之何?」三藏道:「感得太保天恩,搭救出虎狼丛里,就是饿死,也强如喂虎。」
逐句解 Line by line
說話間,不覺的天色將晚。小的們排開桌凳,拿幾盤爛熟虎肉,熱騰騰的放在上面。伯欽請三藏權用,再另辦飯。三藏合掌當胸道:「善哉!貧僧不瞞太保說,自出娘胎,就做和尚,更不曉得吃葷。」伯欽聞得此說,沉吟了半晌道:「長老,寒家歷代以來,不曉得吃素。就是有些竹筍,採些木耳,尋些乾菜,做些豆腐,也都是獐鹿虎豹的油煎,卻無甚素處。有兩眼鍋灶,也都是油膩透了。這等奈何?反是我請長老的不是。」
说话间,不觉的天色将晚。小的们排开桌凳,拿几盘烂熟虎肉,热腾腾的放在上面。伯钦请三藏权用,再另办饭。三藏合掌当胸道:「善哉!贫僧不瞒太保说,自出娘胎,就做和尚,更不晓得吃荤。」伯钦闻得此说,沉吟了半晌道:「长老,寒家历代以来,不晓得吃素。就是有些竹笋,采些木耳,寻些干菜,做些豆腐,也都是獐鹿虎豹的油煎,却无甚素处。有两眼锅灶,也都是油腻透了。这等奈何?反是我请长老的不是。」
As they were talking, evening came on before they knew it. The servants set out table and benches and brought several dishes of well-cooked tiger meat, steaming hot, and laid them above. Boqin invited Sanzang to take some for the present, saying he would have other food prepared. Sanzang, pressing his palms together at his breast, said: “Bless you! I will not deceive the Guardian: from the time I left my mother's womb I have been a monk, and have never so much as known how to eat flesh.” Hearing this, Boqin pondered a good while and said: “Elder, in my house, for generations back, we have not known how to eat vegetarian fare. We have a little bamboo shoot, and gather some wood-ears, and look out some dried greens, and make a little bean-curd — but they are all fried in the fat of roe and deer, of tiger and leopard, so there is hardly anything vegetarian about them. Even our two cooking-pots and their stoves are soaked through with grease. What is to be done? It turns out I have done wrong in inviting the elder at all.”
The comic dilemma of the wholly carnivorous household is drawn with affectionate detail — even the “vegetables” are fried in tiger-fat, and the very pots are steeped in grease. 葷 (hūn) is meat and the pungent alliums forbidden to a Buddhist; 素 (sù) is vegetarian fare.
三藏道:「太保不必多心,請自受用。我貧僧就是三五日不吃飯,也可忍餓,只是不敢破了齋戒。」伯欽道:「倘或餓死,卻如之何?」三藏道:「感得太保天恩,搭救出虎狼叢裡,就是餓死,也強如喂虎。」
三藏道:「太保不必多心,请自受用。我贫僧就是三五日不吃饭,也可忍饿,只是不敢破了斋戒。」伯钦道:「倘或饿死,却如之何?」三藏道:「感得太保天恩,搭救出虎狼丛里,就是饿死,也强如喂虎。」
Sanzang said: “The Guardian need not trouble himself — pray take your own meal. Even were I this poor monk to go three or five days without eating, I could bear the hunger; only I dare not break my vow of abstinence.” Boqin said: “But what if you should starve to death?” Sanzang said: “By the Guardian's Heaven-sent grace I have been saved out of the very thicket of tigers and wolves; and even were I to starve to death, it would be better than being fed to a tiger.”
齋戒 (zhāi jiè), the “vow of abstinence,” is the monastic discipline Sanzang will not break even at the risk of his life; his answer sounds the note of a resolve no hardship can move — the very quality the Gold Star's gāthā had bidden him keep.
總評 Commentary
A scene of gentle comedy that is also a quiet test of the pilgrim's steadfastness. The problem is homely — a vegetarian guest in a house that has never cooked anything but game — and it is developed with a fine comic realism: Boqin's earnest catalogue of his kitchen's irredeemable greasiness, down to the fat-soaked pots, and his flustered conclusion that he has done wrong to invite the monk at all. Against this, Sanzang's calm refusal to break his fast “even were I to starve” gives the comedy a serious underside. His resolve is of a piece with the whole chapter's portrait of him: physically helpless, dependent on others for his very life, yet immovable in the one thing that is his to keep — his discipline. The exchange also warms the bond between hunter and monk, each solicitous of the other, and prepares the mother's solution in the passage that follows.