折鉤四段 The Hook Broken in Four
大聖聽得,方才使鐵棒支住鉤子道:「我本待斬盡殺絕,爭奈你不曾犯法;二來看你令兄牛魔王的情上。先頭來,我被鉤了兩下,未得水去。才然來,我是個調虎離山計,哄你出來爭戰,卻著我師弟取水去了。老孫若肯拿出本事來打你,莫說你是一個甚麼如意真仙,就是再有幾個,也打死了。正是打死不如放生,且饒你教你活幾年耳。已後再有取水者,切不可勒掯他。」那妖仙不識好歹,演一演,就來鉤腳。被大聖閃過鉤頭,趕上前,喝聲:「休走!」那妖仙措手不及,推了一個蹼辣,掙扎不起。大聖奪過如意鉤來,折為兩段;總拿著又一抉,抉作四段。擲之於地道:「潑孽畜!再敢無禮麼?」那妖仙戰戰兢兢,忍辱無言。這大聖笑呵呵,駕雲而起。有詩為證。詩曰:大圣听得,方才使铁棒支住钩子道:「我本待斩尽杀绝,争奈你不曾犯法;二来看你令兄牛魔王的情上。先头来,我被钩了两下,未得水去。才然来,我是个调虎离山计,哄你出来争战,却着我师弟取水去了。老孙若肯拿出本事来打你,莫说你是一个甚么如意真仙,就是再有几个,也打死了。正是打死不如放生,且饶你教你活几年耳。已后再有取水者,切不可勒掯他。」那妖仙不识好歹,演一演,就来钩脚。被大圣闪过钩头,赶上前,喝声:「休走!」那妖仙措手不及,推了一个蹼辣,挣扎不起。大圣夺过如意钩来,折为两段;总拿着又一抉,抉作四段。掷之于地道:「泼孽畜!再敢无礼么?」那妖仙战战兢兢,忍辱无言。这大圣笑呵呵,驾云而起。有诗为证。诗曰:
逐句解 Line by line
The Great Sage heard him, and only then propped the hook aside with his iron rod and said, "I had meant to make an end of you root and branch, but you have committed no crime after all; and secondly, out of regard for your elder brother the Bull Demon King.
聽得 takes 得 as dé; 斬盡 takes 盡 as jìn; 看…情上 takes 看 as kàn, in the sense out of regard for. The two grounds of clemency are legal and familial, and neither one is compassion.
The first time I came, I was hooked down twice and got no water.
未得 takes 得 as dé. He states the record accurately, which the gatekeeper's flattering version a few passages back did not.
This time I came, it was a stratagem to lure the tiger from the mountain: I coaxed you out to fight, and set my junior brother to fetch the water instead.
調虎離山 — lure the tiger off his mountain — is a stratagem still in daily use, and it is exactly what Wukong has just done: draw the defender away from what he is defending. 調 here is diào, to summon away, as against the tiáo, to blend, of 調和 in the poem a few segments on. 卻著 takes 著 as zhuó, sending somebody off to do a job.
If Old Sun chose to bring out his real powers against you, never mind one True Immortal As-You-Will — if there were several more of you, I would have beaten them all to death.
甚麼 takes 甚 as shén. The boast is at least partly true, and it is offered as the reason for sparing him rather than as a threat.
But it is better to spare a life than to take one, so I will let you off and leave you a few years to live.
打死不如放生 — better to spare a life than take one — is a Buddhist commonplace, and it is being produced by a mouth that has spent the whole chapter threatening to beat people to death. 教 is jiào, to let or make somebody do a thing.
Hereafter, if any come for water, you are on no account to squeeze them for it."
勒掯 is to squeeze or extort, a Yuan and Ming vernacular pairing, and it takes 勒 as lè — the same reading as reining in a horse earlier in the chapter, not lēi. This clause is the chapter's actual settlement. Not the demon's death: the reopening of the spring.
The demon immortal had no sense of what was good for him: he made a feint, and came at once for the foot with his hook.
演一演 is to make a show or a feint. Having just been given his life and an instruction, he attacks — which is what licenses everything in the next three segments.
The Great Sage dodged past the hook-head, ran forward and shouted, "Don't run!"
喝聲 takes 喝 as hè, a shout — the reading it carries at every site in this chapter but one.
The demon immortal was caught off guard, was shoved sprawling, and could not struggle up.
蹼辣 imitates a heavy sprawling fall — the noise of a man going down hard — and keeps its ordinary reading.
The Great Sage seized the as-you-will hook from him and broke it in two; then gathering it up he wrenched again, and wrenched it into four pieces.
折為兩段 takes 折 as zhé, broken into pieces, against the shé of 打折 in the previous passage, where the same character was a limb snapped by a blow. 折為 takes 為 as wéi.
He flung it on the ground and said, "You cursed beast! Do you dare be insolent again?"
Destroying the weapon rather than the man is the exact measure of the settlement. The hook was the instrument of the monopoly, and it is the hook that goes.
The demon immortal shook and trembled, and swallowed the humiliation without a word.
忍辱 is, in Buddhist usage, kshanti — the perfection of patient endurance under insult, one of the six virtues a bodhisattva cultivates. Applied here to a beaten extortionist swallowing his humiliation, it is not a compliment.
The Great Sage laughed aloud and rose upon his cloud. There is a poem in witness of it. The poem runs:
為證 takes 為 as wéi. 有詩為證,詩曰 — there is a poem in witness of it, and the poem runs — is the most formal of all this novel's cues for verse, reserved for moments where the storyteller wants to hand down a judgement.
If the true lead is to be smelted, true water is required; the true water blends it, and the true mercury goes dry.
調和 takes 調 as tiáo, to blend, against the diào of 調虎離山 eleven segments back. 汞乾 takes 乾 as gān, dry, not the qián of the trigram. 真鉛 and 真汞 are the lead and mercury of internal alchemy — stages in a meditative process, not metals in a crucible.
True mercury and true lead, with no mother-breath in them: the numinous cinnabar, the numinous drug — that is the immortal's elixir.
無母氣 denies any generative principle to the true ingredients. The line is doctrinal and, placed exactly here, polemical: the elixir is made without conception.
The infant had knit itself a semblance of a fetus for nothing; the Earth Mother applied her work, and it cost no great trouble.
嬰兒 takes 兒 as ér, child. In internal alchemy 嬰兒 is the immortal embryo the adept gestates within himself, and 土母 is the Earth Mother, the mediating agent that reconciles the other two — the 黃婆 of this chapter's own title, and, among the five pilgrims, Sha Monk.
Side-doors overthrown, the orthodox teaching upheld; the Mind-Lord well pleased, and the smile returns.
推倒 takes 倒 as dǎo; 笑容還 takes 還 as huán, to return. 旁門 are the side-gates of the Way, the heterodox schools; 心君, the Mind-Lord, is Wukong under the standing allegorical name this novel gives him, the 心猿 or Mind-Monkey.
The settlement Wukong imposes repays close reading, because it is not what the genre usually supplies. He spares the immortal on two grounds — 你不曾犯法, you have committed no crime, and regard for the Bull Demon King — then breaks the as-you-will hook into four pieces and issues one instruction: 已後再有取水者,切不可勒掯他. Hereafter, if any come for water, do not squeeze them. The demon lives; the weapon is destroyed; the spring is reopened. The chapter has been about a monopoly, and it is the monopoly that gets dismantled.
The poem is the chapter's allegorical key, and it recodes everything that has happened into the vocabulary of internal alchemy. 真鉛 and 真汞 are the lead and mercury of the inner elixir rather than metals; 嬰兒 is the immortal embryo the adept grows inside himself. The third line is the pivot: 嬰兒枉結成胎像 — the infant knit itself the semblance of a fetus, and knit it for nothing. The pregnancy the pilgrims have suffered is a counterfeit of the alchemical conception, got by drinking instead of by cultivation, and 枉 dismisses it as wasted labour.
土母施功不費難 then names the agent. The Earth Mother is 黃婆, the Yellow Dame of the chapter's own title, the mediating phase that reconciles lead and mercury; among the five pilgrims, Earth is Sha Monk. The line credits the dissolution to him and adds that it cost no trouble — which is precisely what the previous passage showed, one hundred and sixty-six characters against Wukong's three failures.
The last line completes the scheme. 推倒旁門宗正教 — side-doors overthrown, the orthodox teaching upheld — files the True Immortal under 旁門, the heterodox side-gates, which is a sharper judgement than anything the prose has said about him. And 心君, the Mind-Lord, is Wukong under his standing allegorical name. He is well pleased and the smile comes back; the pilgrim body has been restored to order by removing an obstruction, not by winning a fight.