Canonical Classics ← 第二十回
第二十回
黃huáng風fēng嶺lǐng唐táng僧sēng有yǒu難nàn
半bàn山shān中zhōng八bā戒jiè爭zhēng先xiān

On Yellow Wind Ridge the Tang Monk Meets Adversity · Halfway Up the Mountain Bajie Strives for the Lead

老兒諕得一步一跌
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原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

老兒諕得一步一跌 The Old Man Stumbles at Every Step

那nà老lǎo兒er聽tīng得dé這zhè篇piān言yán語yǔ,哈hā哈hā笑xiào道dào:「原yuán來lái是shì個gè撞zhuàng頭tóu化huà緣yuán的de熟shú嘴zuǐ兒er和hé尚shàng。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ兒ér子zi便biàn是shì熟shú嘴zuǐ。我wǒ這zhè些xiē時shí,只zhǐ因yīn跟gēn我wǒ師shī父fù走zǒu路lù辛xīn苦kǔ,還hái懶lǎn說shuō話huà哩li。」那nà老lǎo兒er道dào:「若ruò是shì你nǐ不bù辛xīn苦kǔ,不bù懶lǎn說shuō話huà,好hǎo道dào活huó活huó的de聒guō殺shā我wǒ。你nǐ既jì有yǒu這zhè樣yàng手shǒu段duàn,西xī方fāng也yě還hái去qù得dé,去qù得dé。你nǐ一yì行xíng幾jǐ眾zhòng?請qǐng至zhì茅máo舍shè裡lǐ安ān宿sù。」三sān藏zàng道dào:「多duō蒙méng老lǎo施shī主zhǔ不bú叱chì之zhī恩ēn。我wǒ一yì行xíng三sān眾zhòng。」老lǎo者zhě道dào:「那nà一yí眾zhòng在zài那nǎ裡lǐ?」行xíng者zhě指zhǐ著zhe道dào:「這zhè老lǎo兒er眼yǎn花huā,那nà綠lǜ蔭yīn下xià站zhàn的de不bú是shì?」老lǎo兒er果guǒ然rán眼yǎn花huā,忽hū擡tái頭tóu細xì看kàn,一yí見jiàn八bā戒jiè這zhè般bān嘴zuǐ臉liǎn,就jiù諕xià得de一yí步bù一yì跌diē,往wǎng屋wū裡lǐ亂luàn跑pǎo,只zhǐ叫jiào:「關guān門mén,關guān門mén,妖yāo怪guài來lái了le!」行xíng者zhě趕gǎn上shàng扯chě住zhù道dào:「老lǎo兒er莫mò怕pà,他tā不bú是shì妖yāo怪guài,是shì我wǒ師shī弟dì。」老lǎo者zhě戰zhàn兢jīng兢jīng的de道dào:「好hǎo好hǎo好hǎo,一yí個gè醜chǒu似sì一yí個gè的de和hé尚shàng。」八bā戒jiè上shàng前qián道dào:「老lǎo官guān兒er,你nǐ若ruò以yǐ相xiàng貌mào取qǔ人rén,乾gān淨jìng差chà了le。我wǒ們men醜chǒu自zì醜chǒu,卻què都dōu有yǒu用yòng。」那nà老lǎo儿er听tīng得dé这zhè篇piān言yán语yǔ,哈hā哈hā笑xiào道dào:「原yuán来lái是shì个gè撞zhuàng头tóu化huà缘yuán的de熟shú嘴zuǐ儿er和hé尚shàng。」行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ儿ér子zi便biàn是shì熟shú嘴zuǐ。我wǒ这zhè些xiē时shí,只zhǐ因yīn跟gēn我wǒ师shī父fù走zǒu路lù辛xīn苦kǔ,还hái懒lǎn说shuō话huà哩li。」那nà老lǎo儿er道dào:「若ruò是shì你nǐ不bù辛xīn苦kǔ,不bù懒lǎn说shuō话huà,好hǎo道dào活huó活huó的de聒guō杀shā我wǒ。你nǐ既jì有yǒu这zhè样yàng手shǒu段duàn,西xī方fāng也yě还hái去qù得dé,去qù得dé。你nǐ一yì行xíng几jǐ众zhòng?请qǐng至zhì茅máo舍shè里lǐ安ān宿sù。」三sān藏zàng道dào:「多duō蒙méng老lǎo施shī主zhǔ不bú叱chì之zhī恩ēn。我wǒ一yì行xíng三sān众zhòng。」老lǎo者zhě道dào:「那nà一yí众zhòng在zài那nǎ里lǐ?」行xíng者zhě指zhǐ着zhe道dào:「这zhè老lǎo儿er眼yǎn花huā,那nà绿lǜ荫yīn下xià站zhàn的de不bú是shì?」老lǎo儿er果guǒ然rán眼yǎn花huā,忽hū抬tái头tóu细xì看kàn,一yí见jiàn八bā戒jiè这zhè般bān嘴zuǐ脸liǎn,就jiù諕xià得de一yí步bù一yì跌diē,往wǎng屋wū里lǐ乱luàn跑pǎo,只zhǐ叫jiào:「关guān门mén,关guān门mén,妖yāo怪guài来lái了le!」行xíng者zhě赶gǎn上shàng扯chě住zhù道dào:「老lǎo儿er莫mò怕pà,他tā不bú是shì妖yāo怪guài,是shì我wǒ师shī弟dì。」老lǎo者zhě战zhàn兢jīng兢jīng的de道dào:「好hǎo好hǎo好hǎo,一yí个gè丑chǒu似sì一yí个gè的de和hé尚shàng。」八bā戒jiè上shàng前qián道dào:「老lǎo官guān儿er,你nǐ若ruò以yǐ相xiàng貌mào取qǔ人rén,干gān净jìng差chà了le。我wǒ们men丑chǒu自zì丑chǒu,却què都dōu有yǒu用yòng。」


逐句解 Line by line

那nà老lǎo兒er聽tīng得dé這zhè篇piān言yán語yǔ,哈hā哈hā笑xiào道dào:「原yuán來lái是shì個gè撞zhuàng頭tóu化huà緣yuán的de熟shú嘴zuǐ兒er和hé尚shàng。」 那nà老lǎo儿er听tīng得dé这zhè篇piān言yán语yǔ,哈hā哈hā笑xiào道dào:「原yuán来lái是shì个gè撞zhuàng头tóu化huà缘yuán的de熟shú嘴zuǐ儿er和hé尚shàng。」

The old man, hearing all this, laughed aloud. "So you are one of those glib-tongued monks who go knocking at doors for alms."

聽得 takes 得 as toneless de. 撞頭化緣, "knocking heads and begging alms," is a slighting phrase for a mendicant who tries one door after another; 熟嘴, "a well-practised mouth," is the same slight aimed at the tongue. 熟嘴兒 takes the suffix er.

行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ兒ér子zi便biàn是shì熟shú嘴zuǐ。我wǒ這zhè些xiē時shí,只zhǐ因yīn跟gēn我wǒ師shī父fù走zǒu路lù辛xīn苦kǔ,還hái懶lǎn說shuō話huà哩li。」 行xíng者zhě道dào:「你nǐ儿ér子zi便biàn是shì熟shú嘴zuǐ。我wǒ这zhè些xiē时shí,只zhǐ因yīn跟gēn我wǒ师shī父fù走zǒu路lù辛xīn苦kǔ,还hái懒lǎn说shuō话huà哩li。」

The Pilgrim said, "It is your son who is glib. These days, what with the hard walking behind my master, I have grown too lazy to talk at all."

The retort is an oath — "your son is the glib one." Watch the character 兒 switch jobs across two lines: in 兒子 it is the full noun and takes ér, while the 兒 tacked onto 熟嘴 a moment ago was the suffix, er. 還懶說話: 還 is the adverb hái.

那nà老lǎo兒er道dào:「若ruò是shì你nǐ不bù辛xīn苦kǔ,不bù懶lǎn說shuō話huà,好hǎo道dào活huó活huó的de聒guō殺shā我wǒ。 那nà老lǎo儿er道dào:「若ruò是shì你nǐ不bù辛xīn苦kǔ,不bù懒lǎn说shuō话huà,好hǎo道dào活huó活huó的de聒guō杀shā我wǒ。

The old man said, "If you were not weary, and not too lazy to talk, I dare say you would deafen me alive.

聒 is guō, "to din, to deafen," where the automatic reading gives guā. 活活的聒殺我, "deafen me alive," concedes the Pilgrim's point with the dry courtesy that is this old man's chief characteristic.

你nǐ既jì有yǒu這zhè樣yàng手shǒu段duàn,西xī方fāng也yě還hái去qù得dé,去qù得dé。你nǐ一yì行xíng幾jǐ眾zhòng?請qǐng至zhì茅máo舍shè裡lǐ安ān宿sù。」 你nǐ既jì有yǒu这zhè样yàng手shǒu段duàn,西xī方fāng也yě还hái去qù得dé,去qù得dé。你nǐ一yì行xíng几jǐ众zhòng?请qǐng至zhì茅máo舍shè里lǐ安ān宿sù。」

Since you have such arts, then the West may be reached after all — may be reached. How many are you in your party? Come into my thatched house and lodge."

去得,去得 is the "can be done" pattern, doubled: 得 reads dé. The old man has reversed himself inside a single sentence, and what reversed him was pure boasting. 一行幾眾: 行 is xíng, a travelling company, and 眾 the counting-word for religious.

三sān藏zàng道dào:「多duō蒙méng老lǎo施shī主zhǔ不bú叱chì之zhī恩ēn。我wǒ一yì行xíng三sān眾zhòng。」 三sān藏zàng道dào:「多duō蒙méng老lǎo施shī主zhǔ不bú叱chì之zhī恩ēn。我wǒ一yì行xíng三sān众zhòng。」

Sanzang said, "I am much obliged to my aged benefactor for the kindness of not driving us off. We are three in our party."

不叱之恩, "the kindness of not scolding us away," is high formal courtesy. The Tang Monk has understood that hospitality has just been granted, and repays it with the dignity of a set phrase.

老lǎo者zhě道dào:「那nà一yí眾zhòng在zài那nǎ裡lǐ?」行xíng者zhě指zhǐ著zhe道dào:「這zhè老lǎo兒er眼yǎn花huā,那nà綠lǜ蔭yīn下xià站zhàn的de不bú是shì?」 老lǎo者zhě道dào:「那nà一yí众zhòng在zài那nǎ里lǐ?」行xíng者zhě指zhǐ着zhe道dào:「这zhè老lǎo儿er眼yǎn花huā,那nà绿lǜ荫yīn下xià站zhàn的de不bú是shì?」

The old man said, "And where is that other one?" The Pilgrim pointed. "The old fellow's eyes are dim. Is that not he, standing under the green shade?"

Three of the character 那 in one line, in two readings: 那一眾 is the pointing nà, "that other one," and 那綠蔭下 likewise, while 在那裡 is the question-word nǎ, "where." 指著 takes zhe.

老lǎo兒er果guǒ然rán眼yǎn花huā,忽hū擡tái頭tóu細xì看kàn,一yí見jiàn八bā戒jiè這zhè般bān嘴zuǐ臉liǎn, 老lǎo儿er果guǒ然rán眼yǎn花huā,忽hū抬tái头tóu细xì看kàn,一yí见jiàn八bā戒jiè这zhè般bān嘴zuǐ脸liǎn,

And the old man's eyes were dim indeed. He lifted his head of a sudden and looked closely; and the moment he saw Bajie's face and muzzle,

果然眼花 — the Pilgrim's taunt turns out to be a diagnosis. The old man's eyes really are dim, which is why he has not yet seen Bajie, and why what he sees when he looks closely undoes him.

就jiù諕xià得de一yí步bù一yì跌diē,往wǎng屋wū裡lǐ亂luàn跑pǎo,只zhǐ叫jiào:「關guān門mén,關guān門mén,妖yāo怪guài來lái了le!」 就jiù諕xià得de一yí步bù一yì跌diē,往wǎng屋wū里lǐ乱luàn跑pǎo,只zhǐ叫jiào:「关guān门mén,关guān门mén,妖yāo怪guài来lái了le!」

he was so terrified that he stumbled at every step, ran headlong into the house, and could only cry, "Shut the door! Shut the door! A monster is come!"

諕 writes 嚇 and reads xià; the 得 after it is the result-linking de. 一步一跌, a fall at every step. The whole comic machinery of the farmhouse scene turns on this point: it is not the Great Sage who empties the house, it is the pig.

行xíng者zhě趕gǎn上shàng扯chě住zhù道dào:「老lǎo兒er莫mò怕pà,他tā不bú是shì妖yāo怪guài,是shì我wǒ師shī弟dì。」 行xíng者zhě赶gǎn上shàng扯chě住zhù道dào:「老lǎo儿er莫mò怕pà,他tā不bú是shì妖yāo怪guài,是shì我wǒ师shī弟dì。」

The Pilgrim ran after him and caught hold of him. "Old fellow, do not be afraid. He is no monster; he is my junior in religion."

師弟, junior brother in religion. The Pilgrim uses the correct term, and the correctness is itself the reassurance.

老lǎo者zhě戰zhàn兢jīng兢jīng的de道dào:「好hǎo好hǎo好hǎo,一yí個gè醜chǒu似sì一yí個gè的de和hé尚shàng。」 老lǎo者zhě战zhàn兢jīng兢jīng的de道dào:「好hǎo好hǎo好hǎo,一yí个gè丑chǒu似sì一yí个gè的de和hé尚shàng。」

Trembling, the old man said, "Good, good, good — monks each uglier than the last."

戰兢兢的, trembling. 一個醜似一個 — each one uglier than the one before — takes 似 as sì, the comparative. The old man is placating them and insulting them in the same breath, and his three 好s are pure terror.

八bā戒jiè上shàng前qián道dào:「老lǎo官guān兒er,你nǐ若ruò以yǐ相xiàng貌mào取qǔ人rén,乾gān淨jìng差chà了le。我wǒ們men醜chǒu自zì醜chǒu,卻què都dōu有yǒu用yòng。」 八bā戒jiè上shàng前qián道dào:「老lǎo官guān儿er,你nǐ若ruò以yǐ相xiàng貌mào取qǔ人rén,干gān净jìng差chà了le。我wǒ们men丑chǒu自zì丑chǒu,却què都dōu有yǒu用yòng。」

Bajie stepped up. "Venerable sir, if you take the measure of a man by his looks, you are clean mistaken. Ugly we are, and ugly we may be; but every one of us is good for something."

Here is the passage's best joke, and its argument. 以相貌取人 glances at the Analects, where Confucius admits he misjudged a disciple by his looks (以貌取人); 相 is xiàng, appearance. 乾淨 is here the adverb "clean, utterly," and takes gān; 差了, "you are mistaken," takes chà. The ugliest creature in the book has just quoted Confucius in defence of his own face.


總評 Commentary

The boasting has worked. The old man laughs, calls him a glib beggar-monk, gets an oath in reply, answers the oath with a compliment, and offers the party a bed. Then he looks under the trees. The whole weight of Sun Wukong's reputation — the tigers, the dragons, the revolt in heaven — clears the way as far as the threshold, and it is Zhu Bajie's snout that shuts the door again.

Bajie's reply is where the passage turns. 你若以相貌取人,乾淨差了 is a plain Confucian citation, spoken by the ugliest creature in the book, on his own behalf, to a man who has just called him a monster. And 我們醜自醜,卻都有用 — ugly we are, but useful — states the moral of the whole episode well before Yellow Wind Ridge gets around to disposing of it. On that ridge the Pilgrim's usefulness will fail and the pig's will not.