Canonical Classics ← 第二十回
第二十回
huángfēnglǐngtángsēngyǒunàn
bànshānzhōngjièzhēngxiān

On Yellow Wind Ridge the Tang Monk Meets Adversity · Halfway Up the Mountain Bajie Strives for the Lead

山路傍邊有村舍
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

山路傍邊有村舍 A Hamlet Beside the Mountain Road

zhèngxíngshírántiānwǎnyòujiànshānpángbiānyǒucūnshèsānzàngdào:「kōngkànluò西shāncánghuǒjìngyuèshēngdōnghǎixiànbīnglúnxìngérdàopángyǒurénjiāmenqiějiè宿xiāomíngzàizǒu。」jièdào:「shuōdeshìlǎozhūyǒuxiēèleqiědàorénjiāhuàxiēzhāichīyǒuhǎotiāoxíng。」xíngzhědào:「zhèliànjiāguǐlejiājiùshēngbàoyuàn。」jièdào:「azhèfēngayānderéncónggēnleshīzhèchángrěnbànxiǎode?」sānzàngwénzhīdào:「néngruòshìzàijiāxīnzhòngashìchūjiādeleháihuí。」dāizihuāngdeguìxiàdào:「shītīngshīxiōngzhīyányǒuxiēzāngmáiréncéngbàoyuànshéndejiùshuōbàoyuànshìzhíchángdechīhànshuōdàonèilehǎoxúnrénjiāhuàzhāijiùshìliànjiāguǐshīashòuledejièxíngyòuchéngshīliánmǐnqíngyuànyàoshìshīwǎng西tiānshì退tuìhuǐzhèjiàozuòhènxiūxíng』。zěndeshuōshìchūjiādehuà?」sānzàngdào:「shìqiělái。」zhèngxíngshírántiānwǎnyòujiànshānpángbiānyǒucūnshèsānzàngdào:「kōngkànluò西shāncánghuǒjìngyuèshēngdōnghǎixiànbīnglúnxìngérdàopángyǒurénjiāmenqiějiè宿xiāomíngzàizǒu。」jièdào:「shuōdeshìlǎozhūyǒuxiē饿èleqiědàorénjiāhuàxiēzhāichīyǒuhǎotiāoxíng。」xíngzhědào:「zhèliànjiāguǐlejiājiùshēngbàoyuàn。」jièdào:「azhèfēngayānderéncónggēnleshīzhèchángrěnbànxiǎode?」sānzàngwénzhīdào:「néngruòshìzàijiāxīnzhòngashìchūjiādeleháihuí。」dāizihuāngdeguìxiàdào:「shītīngshīxiōngzhīyányǒuxiēzāngmáiréncéngbàoyuànshéndejiùshuōbàoyuànshìzhíchángdechīhànshuōdàonèilehǎoxúnrénjiāhuàzhāijiùshìliànjiāguǐshīashòuledejièxíngyòuchéngshīliánmǐnqíngyuànyàoshìshīwǎng西tiānshì退tuìhuǐzhèjiàozuòhènxiūxíng』。zěndeshuōshìchūjiādehuà?」sānzàngdào:「shìqiělái。」


逐句解 Line by line

zhèngxíngshírántiānwǎnyòujiànshānpángbiānyǒucūnshè zhèngxíngshírántiānwǎnyòujiànshānpángbiānyǒucūnshè

One day, as they were going along, evening came on of a sudden, and they saw a hamlet standing beside the mountain road.

傍邊 writes , and the graph accordingly takes the reading páng by the loan-graph rule, as it does at every occurrence in this chapter. 村舍, a farmstead, is the first human dwelling the pilgrims have seen since leaving Gao Village.

sānzàngdào:「kōngkànluò西shāncánghuǒjìngyuèshēngdōnghǎixiànbīnglún sānzàngdào:「kōngkànluò西shāncánghuǒjìngyuèshēngdōnghǎixiànbīnglún

Sanzang said, "Wukong, look — the sun drops behind the western hills and hides away its mirror of fire; the moon climbs from the eastern sea and shows its wheel of ice.

An ornamental antithesis in the monk's mouth, of a kind he uses when he is pleased with himself: 日落西山藏火鏡 against 月升東海現冰輪, with (cáng, "to hide") answered by . The same graph in 三藏 is of course the name, zàng; both readings stand in this one segment.

xìngérdàopángyǒurénjiāmenqiějiè宿xiāomíngzàizǒu。」 xìngérdàopángyǒurénjiāmenqiějiè宿xiāomíngzàizǒu。」

Happily there is a house beside the way. Let us beg a night's lodging, and go on again tomorrow."

借宿一宵, to borrow a single night. 道傍 again writes .

jièdào:「shuōdeshìlǎozhūyǒuxiēèleqiědàorénjiāhuàxiēzhāichīyǒuhǎotiāoxíng。」 jièdào:「shuōdeshìlǎozhūyǒuxiē饿èleqiědàorénjiāhuàxiēzhāichīyǒuhǎotiāoxíng。」

Bajie said, "Well said. Old Hog is somewhat hungry himself. Let us beg a little fasting-fare of the house — there will be strength in me then for carrying the loads."

說得是 takes as the complement particle de. 老豬, "Old Hog," is Bajie's habitual self-designation, answering the Pilgrim's 老孫. 化些齋吃: is to beg alms, and the vegetarian meal proper to religious.

xíngzhědào:「zhèliànjiāguǐlejiājiùshēngbàoyuàn。」 xíngzhědào:「zhèliànjiāguǐlejiājiùshēngbàoyuàn。」

The Pilgrim said, "You home-hankering ghost. A few days from your own doorway and already you breed complaints."

戀家鬼, "home-hankering ghost," is coined on the spot and will be thrown back at the Pilgrim within twenty graphs. 生報怨, to breed a grievance.

jièdào:「azhèfēngayānderén jièdào:「azhèfēngayānderén

Bajie said, "Brother, I am no match for you, who drink the wind and sup the haze.

比不得 is the negative potential: reads . 喝風啊煙 — to make a meal of wind and smoke — is the pig's sardonic account of an immortal's diet, and the immortal in question has indeed not eaten since the Five Phases Mountain.

cónggēnleshīzhèchángrěnbànxiǎode?」 cónggēnleshīzhèchángrěnbànxiǎode?」

Since I fell in behind our master these few days, I have gone long with a belly half-empty. Did you know that?"

長忍 is cháng rěn, "long to endure," not zhǎng; pypinyin defaults wrongly here. 曉得 is the lexical verb "to know," and its is the neutral de. 半肚饑, a half-belly of hunger, is Bajie all over: not starving, merely unfilled.

sānzàngwénzhīdào:「néngruòshìzàijiāxīnzhòngashìchūjiādeleháihuí。」 sānzàngwénzhīdào:「néngruòshìzàijiāxīnzhòngashìchūjiādeleháihuí。」

Sanzang, hearing it, said, "Wuneng, if the thought of home lies so heavy on you, then you are no man who has left the household. Go back, and welcome."

心重, "the heart heavy [with home]," reads zhòng. The monk's threat — 你還回去罷 — is the one he will use against Bajie for eighty more chapters; here is the adverb hái.

dāizihuāngdeguìxiàdào:「shītīngshīxiōngzhīyányǒuxiēzāngmáirén dāizihuāngdeguìxiàdào:「shītīngshīxiōngzhīyányǒuxiēzāngmáirén

The Idiot dropped in a fright to his knees. "Master, do not listen to my elder brother. He has a way of fastening dirt upon a man.

慌得跪下 takes as the resultative de. 贓埋人, literally "to bury a man in stolen goods," is Ming slang for planting a false charge; the two graphs are written for sound rather than sense.

céngbàoyuànshéndejiùshuōbàoyuàn céngbàoyuànshéndejiùshuōbàoyuàn

I complained of nothing whatever, and still he says I complain.

甚的 is the interrogative 什麼, and therefore reads shén, not shèn.

shìzhíchángdechīhànshuōdàonèilehǎoxúnrénjiāhuàzhāijiùshìliànjiāguǐ shìzhíchángdechīhànshuōdàonèilehǎoxúnrénjiāhuàzhāijiùshìliànjiāguǐ

I am a straight-gut simpleton. I said my belly was empty and that we might find a house and beg a meal, and at once he rails at me for a home-hankering ghost.

直腸的痴漢, "a straight-gut fool," is a self-description of great and characteristic shrewdness: Bajie protests his simplicity in a perfectly constructed rhetorical period. Note that he quotes his own words back accurately, and the Pilgrim's abusively.

shīashòuledejièxíngyòuchéngshīliánmǐn shīashòuledejièxíngyòuchéngshīliánmǐn

Master, from the Bodhisattva I received the discipline of the precepts, and from you I have had compassion besides;

戒行, the observance of the precepts, reads jiè xíng. The Bodhisattva's bestowal is at ch. 8 and again at ch. 19; the monk's 憐憫 is a fortnight old.

qíngyuànyàoshìshīwǎng西tiānshì退tuìhuǐ qíngyuànyàoshìshīwǎng西tiānshì退tuìhuǐ

willingly I would serve you the whole way to the Western Heaven, and I have sworn to know no drawing back.

誓無退悔 — the vow not to draw back. Coming from Bajie, who has just been threatened with dismissal for wanting his dinner, the formula is both sincere and unreliable, which is the whole of his character in six graphs.

zhèjiàozuòhènxiūxíng』。zěndeshuōshìchūjiādehuà?」 zhèjiàozuòhènxiūxíng』。zěndeshuōshìchūjiādehuà?」

This is what men call cultivation in bitter earnest. How can you say it is not the speech of one who has left the household?"

恨苦修行 is set off in the source by the inner quotation marks 『』: Bajie is quoting a phrase, not coining one. 恨苦, "in bitter earnest," intensifies rather than negates; 修行 is xiū xíng.

sānzàngdào:「shìqiělái。」 sānzàngdào:「shìqiělái。」

Sanzang said, "If that is how it stands, get up."

既是如此 concedes without conceding. The Tang Monk drops the matter, and the pilgrims arrive at the farmhouse door with the quarrel unresolved — which is why the Pilgrim will lose his temper at its owner within the page.


總評 Commentary

The first ordinary scene of the new company. Three pilgrims are now on the road where two walked before, and the novel wastes no time discovering what the third is for: Bajie is hungry, says so, is mocked for saying so, and defends himself at length and with skill. The quarrel is trivial and entirely characteristic. It also establishes, before any demon appears, that the party's real fault-line runs between the monkey and the pig, with the monk uneasily arbitrating.

Note how the Tang Monk speaks. His one long speech is an ornamental antithesis about sunset and moonrise, delivered while his disciples are thinking about supper; his second is a threat of expulsion; his third is four graphs of grudging assent. The gāthā at the head of the chapter has not made him a wiser master, only a more literary one. The gap between the poem's 莫認賊為子 and this querulous exchange over a bowl of rice is the space in which the chapter's irony lives.