Canonical Classics ← 第二十回
第二十回
huángfēnglǐngtángsēngyǒunàn
bànshānzhōngjièzhēngxiān

On Yellow Wind Ridge the Tang Monk Meets Adversity · Halfway Up the Mountain Bajie Strives for the Lead

臨崖觀山
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

臨崖觀山 The Mountain from the Cliff's Edge

zhèguǒhǎocháo西dìngyǒuxiéjiàngzāisānzhòngqiánláishàngbànguǒféngzuògāoshānshuōláishífēnxiǎnjùnsānzàngdàolínxiétiāobǎo𩉢dèngguānkànguǒránzhèguǒhǎocháo西dìngyǒuxiéjiàngzāisānzhòngqiánláishàngbànguǒféngzuògāoshānshuōláishífēnxiǎnjùnsānzàngdàolínxiétiāobǎo𩉢dèngguānkànguǒrán

gāodeshìshānjùndeshìlǐnggāodeshìshānjùndeshìlǐng
zhìdeshìshēndeshìzhìdeshìshēndeshì
xiǎngdeshìquánxiāndeshìhuāxiǎngdeshìquánxiāndeshìhuā
shāngāogāodǐngshàngjiēqīngxiāoshāngāogāodǐngshàngjiēqīngxiāo
zhèjiànshēnshēnzhōngjiànzhèjiànshēnshēnzhōngjiàn
shānqiánmiànyǒudōudōubáiyúndèngdèngguàishíshuōjìnqiānzhàngwànzhàngxiéhúnshānqiánmiànyǒudōudōubáiyúndèngdèngguàishíshuōjìnqiānzhàngwànzhàngxiéhún
hòuyǒuwānwāncánglóngdòngdòngzhōngyǒudīngdīngdāngdāngshuǐyánhòuyǒuwānwāncánglóngdòngdòngzhōngyǒudīngdīngdāngdāngshuǐyán
yòujiànxiēchāchādàijiǎo鹿chīchīkànrénzhāngpánpánhónglínmǎngshuǎshuǎwánwánbáimiànyuányòujiànxiēchāchādàijiǎo鹿chīchīkànrénzhāngpánpánhónglínmǎngshuǎshuǎwánwánbáimiànyuán
zhìwǎnshānxúnxuédàixiǎofānchūshuǐlóngdēngdedòngménxiǎngzhìwǎnshānxúnxuédàixiǎofānchūshuǐlóngdēngdedòngménxiǎng
cǎofēiqínlínzhōngzǒushòulièlièxíngcǎofēiqínlínzhōngzǒushòulièlièxíng
měngránzhènlángchóngguòxiàderénxīndēngdēngjīngměngránzhènlángchóngguòxiàderénxīndēngdēngjīng
zhèngshìdāngdàodòngdāngdāngdàodòngdòngdāngdāngdàodòngdāngshānzhèngshìdāngdàodòngdāngdāngdàodòngdòngdāngdāngdàodòngdāngshān
qīngdàirǎnchéngqiānzhàngshālǒngzhàowànduīyānqīngdàirǎnchéngqiānzhàngshālǒngzhàowànduīyān

逐句解 Line by line

zhèguǒhǎocháo西dìngyǒuxiéjiàngzāi zhèguǒhǎocháo西dìngyǒuxiéjiàngzāi

Ah! On this going there could be no good road toward the Western Regions, and evil demons would surely send down a great calamity.

果無好路朝西域,定有邪魔降大災 is a parallel couplet of seven graphs to seven, standing inside the prose with no 正是 tag and no verse block after it. By the ruling of ch. 17 such untagged couplets remain prose: they are set as v:false and do not by themselves make a passage take the four-chip form. is the preposition cháo, "toward"; is jiàng, "to send down," not xiáng, "to subdue."

sānzhòngqiánláishàngbànguǒféngzuògāoshānshuōláishífēnxiǎnjùn sānzhòngqiánláishàngbànguǒféngzuògāoshānshuōláishífēnxiǎnjùn

The three of them had not been half a day on the way when sure enough they came upon a high mountain, and by the look of it exceedingly steep.

不上半日, less than half a day. The narrator has spent an entire chapter's worth of hospitality on Squire Wang and disposes of the intervening road in three graphs.

sānzàngdàolínxiétiāobǎo𩉢dèngguānkànguǒrán sānzàngdàolínxiétiāobǎo𩉢dèngguānkànguǒrán

Sanzang's horse came to the cliff's edge; leaning aslant upon the precious stirrup he looked out, and truly there was this:

斜挑寶𩉢觀看. The graph 𩉢 (U+29262) is a rare 革-radical form; Unihan gives it the independent reading , which yields no sense here. It writes , the stirrup, and by the loan-graph rule takes that word's reading, dèng — the same object the novel names openly at ch. 15, 寶鐙光飛金線明. 斜挑: the rider rises aslant in the stirrup to see over the edge. Note that the graph passes through the traditional-to-simplified conversion unchanged.

gāodeshìshānjùndeshìlǐng gāodeshìshānjùndeshìlǐng

High — that is the mountain; sheer — that is the ridge;

The opens with three matched pairs joined by . Per the ruling of ch. 17 each -joined half is kept as its own verse unit rather than being rejoined; five such sites occurred there, two in ch. 18, four in ch. 19, and thirteen units are produced from this block.

zhìdeshìshēndeshì zhìdeshìshēndeshì

steep — that is the scarp; deep — that is the gully;

, zhì, "to climb," is used adjectivally in the same slot as and . , , a gully.

xiǎngdeshìquánxiāndeshìhuā xiǎngdeshìquánxiāndeshìhuā

sounding — that is the spring; fresh — that is the flower.

The third pair closes the opening figure on instead of , and the rhapsody turns from attributes to scene.

shāngāogāodǐngshàngjiēqīngxiāo shāngāogāodǐngshàngjiēqīngxiāo

That mountain, is it high? Its crown goes up to the blue empyrean.

那山高不高 — the rhetorical question of the storyteller, answered by his own next clause. 青霄, the blue empyrean.

zhèjiànshēnshēnzhōngjiàn zhèjiànshēnshēnzhōngjiàn

This ravine, is it deep? In the bottom of it one sees the courts of the dead.

地府, the earth-prison of the dead. The pair of questions sets the vertical extent of the mountain from the sky to hell, which is the standard frame for these mountain rhapsodies.

shānqiánmiànyǒudōudōubáiyúndèngdèngguàishíshuōjìnqiānzhàngwànzhàngxiéhún shānqiánmiànyǒudōudōubáiyúndèngdèngguàishíshuōjìnqiānzhàngwànzhàngxiéhún

Before the mountain are white clouds rolling and billowing, and strange rocks jagged and upstanding, and beyond all telling, a thousand zhàng and ten thousand, the Soul-Clutching Cliff.

Three reduplicated onomatopoeic binomes: 骨都都 of billowing cloud, 屹嶝嶝 of piled rock. By the ruling of ch. 16, purely onomatopoeic writings keep the pypinyin defaults unless the default is not a real reading of the graph; is here dōu and dèng. 說不盡 requires the sandhi override: is raised to jìn by GLOBAL_PY, so must read .

hòuyǒuwānwāncánglóngdòngdòngzhōngyǒudīngdīngdāngdāngshuǐyán hòuyǒuwānwāncánglóngdòngdòngzhōngyǒudīngdīngdāngdāngshuǐyán

Behind the cliff, winding and twisting, lies the Dragon-Hiding Cave; and within the cave, ting-a-ting and tang-a-tang, the Dripping-Water Crag.

藏龍洞 takes as cáng, "to hide." 叮叮噹噹 of falling water. The mountain is being furnished with a cave before any tenant is named for it; the demon of Yellow Wind will not appear for another thousand graphs.

yòujiànxiēchāchādàijiǎo鹿chīchīkànrénzhāngpánpánhónglínmǎngshuǎshuǎwánwánbáimiànyuán yòujiànxiēchāchādàijiǎo鹿chīchīkànrénzhāngpánpánhónglínmǎngshuǎshuǎwánwánbáimiànyuán

And there one sees branching and forking the antlered deer; muddled and mazy the man-watching river-deer; coiling and curling the red-scaled python; frolicking and romping the white-faced ape.

The longest unit of the rhapsody, thirty-one graphs, four reduplicated binomes and four beasts. is the river-deer; 泥泥痴痴, dull and stupid, of an animal that stares at a man instead of fleeing.

zhìwǎnshānxúnxuédàixiǎofānchūshuǐlóngdēngdedòngménxiǎng zhìwǎnshānxúnxuédàixiǎofānchūshuǐlóngdēngdedòngménxiǎng

At dusk, the tiger of Ba's hills that hunts out its lair; at dawn, the dragon that churns the wave and rises from the water; and, as they climb, the cave-mouth sounds hu-la-la.

巴山, the hills of Ba in Sichuan, proverbial for tigers. The tiger and the dragon of this line are the standing pair of Chan and internal-alchemy discourse, and the tiger of this line will step out of the poem and into the road in six passages' time.

cǎofēiqínlínzhōngzǒushòulièlièxíng cǎofēiqínlínzhōngzǒushòulièlièxíng

In the grass the flying birds go up pu-lu-lu; in the wood the running beasts pace off jü-lie-lie.

撲轤轤 of birds flushed from cover, 掬哷哷 of beasts pacing. , liè, is glossed in the Jiyun as rhyming with , so the default is a true reading and stands.

měngránzhènlángchóngguòxiàderénxīndēngdēngjīng měngránzhènlángchóngguòxiàderénxīndēngdēngjīng

Of a sudden a pack of wolves goes past, and a man's heart is startled ke-teng-teng with fright.

狼蟲, wolves and creeping things, the vernacular collective for wild beasts. 趷蹬蹬 of a heart knocking; 嚇得 takes the resultative de.

zhèngshìdāngdàodòngdāngdāngdàodòngdòngdāngdāngdàodòngdāngshān zhèngshìdāngdàodòngdāngdāngdàodòngdòngdāngdāngdàodòngdāngshān

It is truly a dang-dao-dong, a dang-dang-dao-dong, a dong-dang-dang-dao-dong-dang of a mountain.

The most extraordinary line in the rhapsody, and untranslatable except as sound: 當倒洞當當倒洞,洞當當倒洞當山. It is an echo — the mountain repeating a syllable back at itself — built from three graphs permuted. The onomatopoeia rule applies: dāng dào dòng throughout.

qīngdàirǎnchéngqiānzhàngshālǒngzhàowànduīyān qīngdàirǎnchéngqiānzhàngshālǒngzhàowànduīyān

Green mineral pigment has dyed a thousand zhàng of jade; a blue gauze curtains ten thousand banks of mist.

The rhapsody closes on two lines of settled couplet-verse after all that noise. 青岱 is the blue-green mineral pigment used for painting eyebrows and mountains alike. 籠罩 takes as lǒng, "to cover over."


總評 Commentary

Two hundred and three graphs of mountain, and the strangest sustained passage of sound-writing in the first quarter of the novel. It begins as a set-piece — high is the mountain, sheer is the ridge — and then abandons parallelism for a torrent of reduplicated onomatopoeia: clouds that go 骨都都, rocks that go 屹嶝嶝, water that goes 叮叮噹噹, birds 撲轤轤, beasts 掬哷哷, the heart 趷蹬蹬. It ends by giving up on words altogether and simply echoing: 當倒洞當當倒洞,洞當當倒洞當山. No translation can carry this; the reader is asked to look at the original and hear it.

Two details deserve notice. The cave is called 藏龍洞, the Dragon-Hiding Cave, and a dragon rises from the water in the eighth unit; the ninth line before it has a tiger coming down from the hills of Ba. Tiger and dragon are the two beasts of internal alchemy, and a tiger will step out of this rhapsody and into the road in a few pages' time. And the cliff is 挾魂崖, Soul-Clutching Cliff — the very place at whose edge Sanzang stands, rising in his stirrup to look. He is looking, without knowing it, at the mechanism of his own capture.