Canonical Classics ← 第九十六回
第九十六回
寇kòu員yuán外wài喜xǐ待dài高gāo僧sēng
唐táng長zhǎng老lǎo不bù貪tān富fù貴guì

Squire Kou Gladly Entertains the Eminent Monk · The Tang Elder Is Not Greedy for Wealth and Rank

請寬佛衣
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

請寬佛衣 Please Loosen Your Buddha Robe

長zhǎng老lǎo到dào此cǐ,正zhèng欲yù行xíng禮lǐ,那nà員yuán外wài又yòu攙chān住zhù道dào:「請qǐng寬kuān佛fó衣yī。」三sān藏zàng脫tuō了le袈jiā裟shā。才cái與yǔ長zhǎng老lǎo見jiàn了le。又yòu請qǐng行xíng者zhě三sān人rén見jiàn了le。又yòu叫jiào把bǎ馬mǎ喂wèi了le,行xíng李lǐ安ān在zài廊láng下xià,方fāng問wèn起qǐ居jū。三sān藏zàng道dào:「貧pín僧sēng是shì東dōng土tǔ大dà唐táng欽qīn差chāi詣yì寶bǎo方fāng謁yè靈líng山shān見jiàn佛fó祖zǔ求qiú真zhēn經jīng者zhě。聞wén知zhī尊zūn府fǔ敬jìng僧sēng,故gù此cǐ拜bài見jiàn,求qiú一yì齋zhāi就jiù行xíng。」长zhǎng老lǎo到dào此cǐ,正zhèng欲yù行xíng礼lǐ,那nà员yuán外wài又yòu搀chān住zhù道dào:「请qǐng宽kuān佛fó衣yī。」三sān藏zàng脱tuō了le袈jiā裟shā。才cái与yǔ长zhǎng老lǎo见jiàn了le。又yòu请qǐng行xíng者zhě三sān人rén见jiàn了le。又yòu叫jiào把bǎ马mǎ喂wèi了le,行xíng李lǐ安ān在zài廊láng下xià,方fāng问wèn起qǐ居jū。三sān藏zàng道dào:「贫pín僧sēng是shì东dōng土tǔ大dà唐táng钦qīn差chāi诣yì宝bǎo方fāng谒yè灵líng山shān见jiàn佛fó祖zǔ求qiú真zhēn经jīng者zhě。闻wén知zhī尊zūn府fǔ敬jìng僧sēng,故gù此cǐ拜bài见jiàn,求qiú一yì斋zhāi就jiù行xíng。」


逐句解 Line by line

長zhǎng老lǎo到dào此cǐ,正zhèng欲yù行xíng禮lǐ,那nà員yuán外wài又yòu攙chān住zhù道dào:「請qǐng寬kuān佛fó衣yī。」三sān藏zàng脫tuō了le袈jiā裟shā。 长zhǎng老lǎo到dào此cǐ,正zhèng欲yù行xíng礼lǐ,那nà员yuán外wài又yòu搀chān住zhù道dào:「请qǐng宽kuān佛fó衣yī。」三sān藏zàng脱tuō了le袈jiā裟shā。

The elder reached the hall and was about to make his bow when the squire caught him by the arm again: "Please, loosen your Buddha robe." So Tripitaka took off the cassock.

This is the second time in two passages that Kou Hong has physically stopped a bow. First he moved the whole party out of the chapel rather than be greeted in it; now he takes hold of Tripitaka's arm to prevent one. 請寬佛衣 — loosen your Buddha robe — is a host telling a guest to make himself comfortable, in the exact form you would use for a man in heavy formal dress. It is what you say when somebody has arrived over-dressed out of respect for you. And here 正欲行禮 comes out right, without any help, while the identical word a hundred and twenty-five characters earlier did not. Both sites sit close enough to read together, and the pair is the plainest case in the chapter of why every one of these has to be read rather than trusted.

才cái與yǔ長zhǎng老lǎo見jiàn了le。又yòu請qǐng行xíng者zhě三sān人rén見jiàn了le。又yòu叫jiào把bǎ馬mǎ喂wèi了le,行xíng李lǐ安ān在zài廊láng下xià,方fāng問wèn起qǐ居jū。 才cái与yǔ长zhǎng老lǎo见jiàn了le。又yòu请qǐng行xíng者zhě三sān人rén见jiàn了le。又yòu叫jiào把bǎ马mǎ喂wèi了le,行xíng李lǐ安ān在zài廊láng下xià,方fāng问wèn起qǐ居jū。

Only then would he greet the elder, and after that he asked to be presented to Wukong and the other two. He gave orders for the horse to be fed and the luggage put under the covered walk, and only then did he ask after their health.

Watch the order of operations, because the passage is counting them off deliberately: greet the master, then the disciples, then feed the horse, then stow the baggage, and only after all of that ask how anybody is. That is not slowness. It is a man discharging every obligation of hospitality in the correct sequence before he permits himself a single personal question. And he insisted on being presented to the three disciples — the ones the marketplace had been crowding round to gawp at an hour earlier. 問起居 — asking after somebody's rising and sitting — is the formal enquiry after health and comfort. It is the point at which a reception stops being ceremony and becomes a conversation.

三sān藏zàng道dào:「貧pín僧sēng是shì東dōng土tǔ大dà唐táng欽qīn差chāi詣yì寶bǎo方fāng謁yè靈líng山shān見jiàn佛fó祖zǔ求qiú真zhēn經jīng者zhě。聞wén知zhī尊zūn府fǔ敬jìng僧sēng,故gù此cǐ拜bài見jiàn,求qiú一yì齋zhāi就jiù行xíng。」 三sān藏zàng道dào:「贫pín僧sēng是shì东dōng土tǔ大dà唐táng钦qīn差chāi诣yì宝bǎo方fāng谒yè灵líng山shān见jiàn佛fó祖zǔ求qiú真zhēn经jīng者zhě。闻wén知zhī尊zūn府fǔ敬jìng僧sēng,故gù此cǐ拜bài见jiàn,求qiú一yì斋zhāi就jiù行xíng。」

Tripitaka said, "This poor monk is sent by imperial commission from the Land of the East, the Great Tang, to your honoured country, to visit Vulture Peak, look upon the Buddha and seek the true scriptures. Hearing that your household honours monks, I have come to call — asking one meal, and then we go on."

欽差 is the imperial commission — a man sent out under the emperor's own warrant. The character for sending here is the one for despatching somebody on an errand, and the plain dictionary chain gives it the word for lacking or being wrong instead. That mistake is not confined to this site. Across the whole book the character appears three hundred and ten times in eighty-nine chapters, two hundred and fifty-eight of them meaning to send somebody, and the chain reads almost all of those the other way. This chapter rules its three sites by hand and leaves the rest of the book as it stands. And look at the last five characters: 求一齋就行. One meal, and then we go. He has now said it twice — once to the old men on the bench and once to his host — and neither time has anybody heard him.


總評 Commentary

A reception scene done at full length and entirely without incident, which for this novel is close to a formal experiment. Nobody is disguised, nobody is testing anybody, and the tension is made purely out of manners.

Kou Hong spends the passage refusing to be honoured. He stops one bow, prevents another, takes the guest's ceremonial robe off him, sees to the horse and the luggage, and asks after everyone's health before he will say a word about himself. All of it is the behaviour of somebody who has thought hard about how to receive monks, because he has received nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-six of them.

And Tripitaka, for the second time in this chapter, asks for exactly one meal and says he will then be on his way. The reader can already see the shape of the trouble. Two men are being scrupulously polite to each other about completely incompatible plans, and neither has noticed yet.