Canonical Classics ← 第九十六回
第九十六回
寇kòu員yuán外wài喜xǐ待dài高gāo僧sēng
唐táng長zhǎng老lǎo不bù貪tān富fù貴guì

Squire Kou Gladly Entertains the Eminent Monk · The Tang Elder Is Not Greedy for Wealth and Rank

無緣得見
模式 Mode Read Study
拼音 Pinyin Off
字體 Script 繁
原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition 含詞賦 With rhapsody

無緣得見 No Tie to See the Buddha

俱jù送sòng出chū府fǔ城chéng之zhī外wài,行xíng至zhì十shí里lǐ長cháng亭tíng,又yòu設shè著zhe簞dān食sì壺hú漿jiāng,擎qíng杯bēi把bǎ盞zhǎn,相xiāng飲yǐn而ér別bié。那nà員yuán外wài猶yóu不bù忍rěn捨shě,噙qín著zhe淚lèi道dào:「老lǎo師shī取qǔ經jīng回huí來lái,是shì必bì到dào舍shè再zài住zhù幾jǐ日rì,以yǐ了liǎo我wǒ寇kòu洪hóng之zhī心xīn。」三sān藏zàng感gǎn之zhī不bú盡jìn,謝xiè之zhī無wú已yǐ道dào:「我wǒ若ruò到dào靈líng山shān,得dé見jiàn佛fó祖zǔ,首shǒu表biǎo員yuán外wài之zhī大dà德dé。回huí時shí定dìng踵zhǒng門mén叩kòu謝xiè叩kòu謝xiè。」說shuō說shuō話huà兒ér,不bù覺jué的de又yòu有yǒu二èr三sān里lǐ路lù,長zhǎng老lǎo懇kěn切qiè拜bài辭cí。那nà員yuán外wài又yòu放fàng聲shēng大dà哭kū而ér轉zhuǎn。這zhè正zhèng是shì:俱jù送sòng出chū府fǔ城chéng之zhī外wài,行xíng至zhì十shí里lǐ长cháng亭tíng,又yòu设shè着zhe箪dān食sì壶hú浆jiāng,擎qíng杯bēi把bǎ盏zhǎn,相xiāng饮yǐn而ér别bié。那nà员yuán外wài犹yóu不bù忍rěn舍shě,噙qín着zhe泪lèi道dào:「老lǎo师shī取qǔ经jīng回huí来lái,是shì必bì到dào舍shè再zài住zhù几jǐ日rì,以yǐ了liǎo我wǒ寇kòu洪hóng之zhī心xīn。」三sān藏zàng感gǎn之zhī不bú尽jìn,谢xiè之zhī无wú已yǐ道dào:「我wǒ若ruò到dào灵líng山shān,得dé见jiàn佛fó祖zǔ,首shǒu表biǎo员yuán外wài之zhī大dà德dé。回huí时shí定dìng踵zhǒng门mén叩kòu谢xiè叩kòu谢xiè。」说shuō说shuō话huà儿ér,不bù觉jué的de又yòu有yǒu二èr三sān里lǐ路lù,长zhǎng老lǎo恳kěn切qiè拜bài辞cí。那nà员yuán外wài又yòu放fàng声shēng大dà哭kū而ér转zhuǎn。这zhè正zhèng是shì:

有yǒu願yuàn齋zhāi僧sēng歸guī妙miào覺jué,無wú緣yuán得dé見jiàn佛fó如rú來lái。有yǒu愿yuàn斋zhāi僧sēng归guī妙miào觉jué,无wú缘yuán得dé见jiàn佛fó如rú来lái。

逐句解 Line by line

俱jù送sòng出chū府fǔ城chéng之zhī外wài,行xíng至zhì十shí里lǐ長cháng亭tíng,又yòu設shè著zhe簞dān食sì壺hú漿jiāng,擎qíng杯bēi把bǎ盞zhǎn,相xiāng飲yǐn而ér別bié。那nà員yuán外wài猶yóu不bù忍rěn捨shě,噙qín著zhe淚lèi道dào:「老lǎo師shī取qǔ經jīng回huí來lái,是shì必bì到dào舍shè再zài住zhù幾jǐ日rì,以yǐ了liǎo我wǒ寇kòu洪hóng之zhī心xīn。」 俱jù送sòng出chū府fǔ城chéng之zhī外wài,行xíng至zhì十shí里lǐ长cháng亭tíng,又yòu设shè着zhe箪dān食sì壶hú浆jiāng,擎qíng杯bēi把bǎ盏zhǎn,相xiāng饮yǐn而ér别bié。那nà员yuán外wài犹yóu不bù忍rěn舍shě,噙qín着zhe泪lèi道dào:「老lǎo师shī取qǔ经jīng回huí来lái,是shì必bì到dào舍shè再zài住zhù几jǐ日rì,以yǐ了liǎo我wǒ寇kòu洪hóng之zhī心xīn。」

They saw them all the way out beyond the prefectural city and went as far as the ten-li pavilion, where baskets of food and jars of drink had been set out; they raised their cups, drank together, and parted. The squire still could not bear to let them go, and said with the tears standing in his eyes, "Teacher, when you come back with the scriptures you must, without fail, come to my house and stay a few days more — to settle the heart of me, Kou Hong."

簞食壺漿 is a quotation and it is the last find of this chapter. In Mencius the people come out with baskets of food and jars of drink to welcome an army that has freed them, and the phrase has meant that welcome ever since. The novel has borrowed it for a farewell. In the citation the second character is read sì — the older sound, for prepared food given to somebody else — the sense that the character 飼 was later invented to carry. The plain reading gives the everyday word for eating instead. The phrase occurs once in the whole book, and the character is on none of the lists this project watches, so nothing but reading the line would have caught it — the same way the music notation was caught two thousand characters ago. 十里長亭 is the roadside pavilion set at ten-li intervals where travellers were seen off. The first character is the one meaning long, not the one meaning senior, and it appears twice in this chapter — once here and once fifteen characters later. And 以了我寇洪之心 is the verb meaning to finish something, not the light word that marks a completed action. He wants his heart settled. He is not asking for company; he is asking for the account to be closed.

三sān藏zàng感gǎn之zhī不bú盡jìn,謝xiè之zhī無wú已yǐ道dào:「我wǒ若ruò到dào靈líng山shān,得dé見jiàn佛fó祖zǔ,首shǒu表biǎo員yuán外wài之zhī大dà德dé。回huí時shí定dìng踵zhǒng門mén叩kòu謝xiè叩kòu謝xiè。」 三sān藏zàng感gǎn之zhī不bú尽jìn,谢xiè之zhī无wú已yǐ道dào:「我wǒ若ruò到dào灵líng山shān,得dé见jiàn佛fó祖zǔ,首shǒu表biǎo员yuán外wài之zhī大dà德dé。回huí时shí定dìng踵zhǒng门mén叩kòu谢xiè叩kòu谢xiè。」

Tripitaka, unable to thank him enough or make an end of thanking him, said: "If I reach Vulture Peak and am granted sight of the Buddha, the first thing I shall set forth is the squire's great goodness. On the way back I shall certainly come to your door and bow my thanks — bow my thanks."

感之不盡,謝之無已 — moved beyond exhausting it, thanking without ending. This is the third and last appearance of the little formula meaning there is no finishing it. The first was of the road itself, in the summer poem; the second of the scholars' praise; and this one of Tripitaka's gratitude to the man he has spent a fortnight trying to get away from. All three come out right without any help. That depends on a repair made at the close of the previous chapter, which put a hundred and two sites across sixty-five chapters straight, and these three are its proof. What he actually promises is worth reading twice. He will report Kou Hong's virtue to the Buddha, and he will call at the door on the way home. Both are promises about a future beyond the end of this chapter, and the next chapter is about to make one of them impossible.

說shuō說shuō話huà兒ér,不bù覺jué的de又yòu有yǒu二èr三sān里lǐ路lù,長zhǎng老lǎo懇kěn切qiè拜bài辭cí。那nà員yuán外wài又yòu放fàng聲shēng大dà哭kū而ér轉zhuǎn。這zhè正zhèng是shì: 说shuō说shuō话huà儿ér,不bù觉jué的de又yòu有yǒu二èr三sān里lǐ路lù,长zhǎng老lǎo恳kěn切qiè拜bài辞cí。那nà员yuán外wài又yòu放fàng声shēng大dà哭kū而ér转zhuǎn。这zhè正zhèng是shì:

Talking as they went, they had gone another two or three li without noticing, and the elder took his leave in earnest. The squire burst out weeping aloud, and turned back. And this is exactly it:

He weeps out loud. Not decorously, not privately — the text says he let his voice go and cried, and then turned round and walked home. Consider what the chapter has been doing to this man. He has been generous past all sense for a fortnight, been argued with, seen a fistfight in his sutra hall, had his wife and sons walk out in a temper, spent a night's wages on a send-off nobody wanted, failed to feed the last two companies of monks to arrive, and now stands in a road two or three li beyond where he meant to stop, crying. 這正是 is the cue, and it is the ninth and last of them in the chapter. Nine of the ten set-pieces carry one; only the opening lyric has none, because nothing stands in front of it.

有yǒu願yuàn齋zhāi僧sēng歸guī妙miào覺jué,無wú緣yuán得dé見jiàn佛fó如rú來lái。 有yǒu愿yuàn斋zhāi僧sēng归guī妙miào觉jué,无wú缘yuán得dé见jiàn佛fó如rú来lái。

He had the vow to feed monks, and goes home to wondrous awakening; / he had no tie of destiny, and will not see the Buddha come thus.

This is the chapter's judgement on Kou Hong and it is two lines long. The first half grants him everything: the vow was real, it is complete, and it carries him to 妙覺 — the very highest of the bodhisattva stages, the last one before buddhahood. The word appears once in the whole novel and it is spent on him. And then the second half takes something away. 無緣 — no karmic tie. He will not see the Buddha. Twenty-four years, ten thousand meals, a chapel finer than a monastery's, and the one thing the four men at his table are walking towards is the one thing he does not get. The couplet does not say this is unfair, and it does not say the vow was wasted. It says both things at once and puts them in matched halves: the having and the not-having, weighed against each other in fourteen characters. It is also a warning. The novel does not usually tell you in advance that somebody will never get what they want, and it has just done so about a man who is walking home in tears.


總評 Commentary

The parting, and the chapter's verdict on the man it has been about. He walks them out of the city, out to the ten-li pavilion, past it, another two or three li beyond that, and finally has to be left standing in the road.

Everything about the scene is generous and nothing about it is quite right. He borrows for his farewell a phrase that belongs to welcoming a liberating army. He asks for the return visit that will settle his heart. Tripitaka promises to name him first to the Buddha and to knock at his door coming home. And then a grown man of sixty-four cries aloud in a public road and turns round.

The couplet that closes it is the only time this chapter speaks in its own voice about Kou Hong, and it does not choose between the two things it says. He had the vow, and it takes him as high as a person can go. He had no tie, and he will never see the Buddha. Both halves are true, they are set out in exact parallel, and the reader is left holding them.